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Item Chlamydia trachomatis infection among pelvic inflammatory disease patients attending the gynaecology clinic of a private tertiary hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria.(2024) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Makanjuola, O. B.; Okangba, C. C.; Oluwasola, T. A.; Anaedobe, C. G.Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the very serious complications arising from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Chlamydia trachomatis has been implicated as one of the commonest causes of STI. Considering the adverse sequelae of PID, there is a need for locally relevant data which will guide preventive and therapeutic efforts. Detection of a combination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been described as an indicator of an actively chronic infection Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection by the use of IgA and IgG and evaluate the associated risk factors among females that presented with Pelvic inflammatory disease at the gynaecology clinic of Babcock University Teaching Hospital. Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. (BUTH) Materials and Methods: This was a hospital–based, case-controlled study involving 44 patients diagnosed with PID and 44 age-matched controls at the gynaecology clinic of BUTHI. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, and risk factors for PID, from consenting participants. Blood samples were collected from each participant and analysed, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, for Chlamydia trachomatis type specific for IgA and IgG. Analysis was done by SPSS, IBM version 23.0 Results: Both IgG and IgA were present in 15 cases (34.1%) as compared to none of the controls. The difference between Chlamydia IgG, IgA and (IgG+IgA) among the cases and the controls were statistically significant. Majority of the participants positive for the immunoglobulins were aged 25 years or younger (11, 73.3%), number of lifetime sex partners and age of first sexual intercourse being 18 years or younger were statistically associated with Chlamydia trachomatis causing PID. Conclusion: Chlamydia trachomatis remains an important causative pathogen of PID and more prevalent among the young people. Screening is advocated among the young in resource limited countries.Item Candida species causing vulvovaginitis among patients in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State: A retrospective cross-sectional study.(2024) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Tuta, K. E.; Shonekan, O. A.; Okangba, C. C.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Ebeigbe, E.; Osinowo, A. O.; Makanjuola, O. B.; Ogunbiyi, A. I.; Sadare, O. A.; Oluwasola, T. O.; Nwadike, V. U.Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common infections in females. In recent decades, reports of incidence of non-albicans candida species causing VVC is increasing and this has led to a lot of therapeutic failures. Thus, this study aimed to detect Candida species among women who presented with VVC in Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogun State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study carried out in BUTH. Candida isolates from high vaginal swab of 82 women who presented with VVC at the gynecology and family medicine clinics of the hospital were retrieved for a period of 2 years, January 2019 till December 2020. The isolates were analyzed by standard medical microbiology technique. Information on sociodemographic and behavioral factors were retrieved from clinical case notes. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Results: The 82 isolates analyzed yielded 87 species of Candida. Out of the 87 isolates of Candida, the albicans species were 50 (57.5%) while the non-albicans were 37 (42.5%). Among the non-albicans species, 16 (43.2%) Candida krusei had the highest frequency while 7 (19.0%) Candida tropicalis had the least and the other isolates that are unidentified by CHROMagaar accounted for 14 (37.8%). Candida albicans was predominant among 12/18 (66.7%) participants with present multiple sex partners. C. albicans was significantly associated with hormonal contraceptives and C. krusei with wearing of tight and nylon underwear, respectively, on bivariate analysis (P < 0.05) Conclusion: C. albicans was the predominant identified species from this study; however, the prevalence of the non-albicans candida species was still highItem Molecular assessment of extended-spectrum beta lactamases among gram-negative bacilli bacteria causing community acquired urinary tract infection among females in Southwestern Nigeria.(2021) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Ajani, M. A.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) is commoner in females than males and mainly caused by Gram Negative bacilli. The emergence of Extended – spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) has made its treatment difficult especially in the community because of limited therapeutic options. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Gram negative bacilli causing UTI among females in Babcock University Community; evaluate the associated risk factors and to determine the prevalence of the associated genes among the ESBL isolates. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of which 200 female participants with clinical UTI were recruited in Babcock University Community. Pretested interviewer–based structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio demographic and risk factors. Mid-stream urine was also collected for evaluation of ESBL- producing Gram-negative bacilli. DNA extraction was done for ESBL positive isolates and SHV, TEM, CTX-M and OXA ESBL genes were detected by PCR. SPSS Version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The 200-urine samples tested from the participants yielded 33-Gram negative bacilli isolates. Out of these 33 isolates, 17(51.5%) were ESBL-producers giving prevalence rate of 8.5% among the participants. The distribution of the ESBL genes among the ESBL isolates was as follows: SHV 15/17(88.2%), TEM 4/17(23.5%), CTX-M 3/17(17.6%) and OXA 5/17(29.4%). No associated risk factors were found. Conclusion: All the four types of ESBLgenes evaluated were present among the participants. Routine screening for ESBL for Community acquired UTI is necessary to curb treatment failure.Item Urinary tract infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among female students in a tertiary institution in South West Nigeria.(2020) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Nwadike, V. U.; Tayo, B.; Shonekan, O. A.; Okangba, C. C.; Anaedobe, C. C.; Thompson, T. E.; Omeonu, A. C.; Bibitayo, F.; Ajani, M. A.; Nkwogu, N. F.; Emejuru, J.; Okangba, K.; Ugwa, O. M.; Afolabi, M.; Atere, A.; Kalejaye, T.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Coker, O. A.Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a common medical problem that affects all age groups but with significant morbidity in females because of the nature of their anatomy and physiology. This study was aimed to identify the common causative organisms of UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among female students in Babcock University. Methods: A cross sectional study, in which 200 female participants with symptoms of UTI were recruited. Mid stream urine was collected from them and processed using the standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates from the samples with significant bacteriuria. Socio-demographic and risk factors were obtained using standard questionnaires, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: UTIs were confirmed in 14.5% (29/200) participants. Of the pathogens isolated, Escherichia coli was predominant 30.6% (11/36). Most of the pathogens isolated were susceptible to ofloxacin and gentamicin, while ceftriaxone had the least susceptibility (18.2%). The majority of the participants, 165 (82.5%) though symptomatic, did not have bacteriuria. The participants aged 15–20 years were mostly infected [24 (13.4%)]. No significant association was found between the socio-demographic factors and UTI. Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI from this study was 14.5%. E. coli was the predominant bacteria pathogen isolated, and of loxacin and gentamycin were the most active antibiotics on susceptibility pattern. The majority of the patients though symptomatic, had no pathogens isolated from their urine. Therefore, caution should be applied on the use of antibiotics when managing UTI based on symptoms alone, to prevent antibiotic resistance.Item Assessment of serological markers of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection among the gynaecology patients attending Babcock University teaching hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria.(2019) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Nwadike, V.; Babatunde, T.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Opeoluwa S.; Okangba, C.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Omeonu, A.; Faluyi, B.; Thompson, T. E.; Ebeigbe, E.; Ajani, M. A.; Joshua, A. K.; Kolawole, T.; Kristilere, H.; Meremikwu, C. M.; Mgbemena, L.; Nwaejike, C. S.; Salami, A.; Tantua, A.; Timothy, M.; Akagbusum, T.; Coker, A. O.Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in women. A number of epidemiologic studies have suggested that Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is more accurate as a diagnostic tool for Chlamydia trachomatis.However, the use of serological markers may be cost effective and practical in diagnosing and estimating the burden of the disease in resource limited countries.This study was aimed at determining the serological markers (IgG, IgM and IgA) of Chlamydia trachomatis, evaluate the association between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical diagnosis of the participants. This was a cross sectional hospital-based study in which blood samples from 145 consenting participants were tested for IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and their clinical diagnosis, retrieved from their case notes. The cumulative prevalence of seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis (IgG, IgM, IgA) was 112 (77.2%) while 33 (22.8%) were seronegative. The overall predominant seromarker was IgG 91(62.8%) while IgM and IgA accounted for 85(58.6%) and 54(37.2%) respectively. A statistically significant association was found between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and PID (p value = 0.031), primary infertility (p value 0.011) and level of income (p value= (0,045).Item Prevalence and associated risk factors of chlamydia trachomatis among gynecology clinic attendees in a tertiary institution in Ogun State, Nigeria.(2019) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Ajani, M. A.Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent bacterial causing urogenital infections in men and women worldwide. There have been increasing reports of the prevalence of C. trachomatis in Nigeria. Aims: This study aimed to detect the prevalence of C. trachomatis seromarkers immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) and also to determine their associated risk factors among gynecology clinic attendees in the Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 145 consenting attendees of gynecology clinic of the hospital. Blood samples were collected and tested for =C. trachomatis IgG and IgA using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. Sociodemographic and sex behavioral factors were obtained by the interviewer based questionnaires, whereas statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results: Overall prevalence of combined IgG and IgA was 46 (31.7%). Among the infected, 30 (65.2%) were young women aged 15–25 years and majority, 109 (75%), had never used condom while 83 (57.2%) had only one sex partner in the preceding 3 months. Twenty three (15.9%) had a positive history of sexually transmitted infection (STIs), whereas 75 (51.7%) had ≥2 lifetime sex partners. Factors associated with the occurrence of both seromarkers on bivariate analysis included the previous history of STI and number of lifetime sex partners (P < 0.05), but with further analysis, only lifetime sex partners remained statistically significant (odds ratio = 5.63, confidence interval = 1.09–29.05, P = 0.007). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of active, chronic, and persistent C. trachomatis infection with number of lifetime sex partner being a significant risk factor among our clinic attendees in Ogun State. Appropriate sex education should be encouraged among young people to reduce the burden of the infection and its attendant sequelae in our community.Item Bilateral ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma in a teenager: a case report.(2019) Ajani, T. A.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Ajani, M. A.; Fayemiwo, S. A.; Bakare, R. A.Epithelial ovarian cancers are uncommon among young girls and teenagers compared to germ cell tumors. We report a case of bilateral ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma in a teenage girl with the attendant challenges of diagnosis, management and follow up. HT, 19 year old had presented at a secondary care level with features suggestive of benign ovarian tumor and had ovariectomy done. However, histology report revealed a malignant epithelial cancer, necessitating a repeat exploration. She was found to have surgical stage 3c disease and subsequently has total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomies, right oophorectomy and omentectomy. She was further managed with paclitaxel-carboplatin combination chemotherapy but defaulted after the 3rd cycle on account of financial constraints. She succumbed to the disease 11 months post diagnosis. Though uncommon, detailed evaluation of teenage patients for malignant ovarian cancer is expedient. The financial burden of cancer care in our environment is also highlighted.Item The prevalence of, and risk factors, for mycoplasma genitalium infection among infertile women in Ibadan: A cross-sectional study.(2017) Ajani, T. A.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Bakare, R. A.Background: The association of mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) with infertility has been documented. The infections are asymptomatic and difficult to diagnose. Understanding the associated risk factors will help in facilitating better screening measures for at-risk groups. Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, M. genitalium infection among infertile women in Ibadan. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 402 women (267 infertile and 135 fertile) referred to 2 hospitals in Ibadan between March and November 2015 were enrolled. Information was obtained, using structured questionnaire, on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of the respondents while endocervical swabs were obtained for detection of M. genitalium. MgPa gene was diagnosed using the conventional Polymerase chain reaction. Bands corresponding to 495kb were documented as positive for M. genitalium. Results: Among the infertile women, 43 (16.1%) had evidence of M. genitalium infection as against 3 (2.2%) of women without infertility (p<0.001). Associated risk factors included having more than one lifetime sexual partner (OR=10.13, 95% CI: 3.76-33.97); husbands having other sexual partners (OR=12.88, 95% CI: 2.08- 90.63); being a serial monogamist (OR=6, 95% CI: 4.35-8.27) and low socioeconomic status (OR=2.80, 95% CI: 1.28-6.10). No relationship exists between the previous history of sexually transmitted infections and M. genitalium. Conclusion: The risk factors for M. genitalium infection are similar to those peculiar to other sexually transmitted infections. Its routine screening should be incorporated into the current protocol for microbiological evaluation of infertile women.