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Item Anaemia and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in the Gambia.(2024) Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Amadi, A. OBackground: Anaemia is a global health problem affecting about a third of the world’s population. In pregnancy, it is a public health concern with consequences for mothers and infants, including maternal death and infant mortality. In low-income countries, 25% indirect maternal mortality and 30% neonatal deaths are due to anaemia in pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in The Gambia and identify common risk or predisposing factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy among them. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 180 consenting pregnant women, who attended two secondary-care level hospital for antenatal care between March and May 2023. They were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire and participants’ current antenatal cards while SPSS software version 26.0 was used for analyzing data. Results: The findings of this study shows that 21.7% and 8.3% of the pregnant women were anaemic at booking using 11.0g/dl and 10.0g/dl as cut off respectively with the mean haemoglobin concentration of 11.76+-1.36g/dl. The study revealed that anaemia during pregnancy is associated with factors such as educational level (p=0.048) and the average income per month (p=0.039). Majority of the women, (166, 92.2%), have taken malaria prophylaxis but only 95 (52.8%) admitted to sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets which shows the low prevalence of Malaria among the participants (5.6%) Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the Gambia is 21.7% which implies that anaemia is still a public health problem. Therefore, it is important for actions like early booking and improvement on health and nutritional education to be taken in order to reduce anaemia among pregnant women.Item Soil transmitted helminthes infection among pregnant women in peri-urban areas of Ibadan, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study(2018) Umezurike, C. E.; Adeoye, I. A.; Oluwatoba, O. A.; Oluwasola, T. A. O."Background: Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) infection is an important public health problem in developing countries which adversely affects pregnant women and their newborn infants. The epidemiology of STH among pregnant women has not been fully explored in Nigeria. We examined the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of STH among antenatal care attendees in Ibadan. Methods: A cross sectional facility-based study was conducted among the 326 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in six selected Primary Health Care centers, in the peri-urban areas of Ibadan Oyo State. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic, maternal, environmental characteristics and hygiene practices. Kato-Katz method was used to identify the presence of STH from stool samples. Data were analysed using chi-square and bivariate logistic analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of STH was 13.8%, 95% CI (10.0–17.7). Ascaris lumbricoides 12.8%, 95% CI (9.5–16.9) was the most prevalent followed by hookworm infection 0.6%, 95% CI (−0.2–0.15) and Trichuris trichiura 0.3%, 95% CI (−0.2–0.9). Majority of the infection were of light intensity (44 out of 45). Walking bare footed in the home environment increased the likelihood of being infected with STH [OR 1.93 95% CI (1.01–3.72) p=0.048] compared with women who wore shoes. Conclusion: STH infection is prevalent among pregnant women in the peri-urban region of Ibadan. Therefore public health interventions like active surveillance of STH and the prescription of deworming drugs will be beneficial for pregnant women. "Item Prevalence of obesity among women attending a Nigerian primary care clinic(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2010-01) Ogunbode, A. M.; Ladipo, M. M. A.; Ajayi, I. O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Fatiregun, A. AThe objective was to determine the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among women in a Nigerian Out-Patient clinic. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered on women at the General Outpatients’ Department (G. O. P.D) of the University College Hospital (U.C.H), Ibadan. The prevalence of obesity was 41.8%. Age was significantly associated with obesity, p=0.001. Majority of the obese participants (68.9%) in comparison to non-obese (46.4%) were traders, p=0.001. Many of the obese respondents were married (82.6%) in comparison to non-obese respondents who were widows (67.4%), p=0.001. Many of the obese respondents were multiparous (44.3%) having more than 4 children in comparison to the non-obese respondents with the highest proportion of women with no children (36.1%), p=0.001. Fewer of the obese women had no formal education (28.1%) and no primary education (26.4%), in comparison to the non-obese with 32.2% having secondary education and 27% having secondary education and 27% having post-secondary education, p=0.015. Majority of the obese women (62.3%) were pre-menopausal in comparison to the non-obese with 79.0% being pre-menopausal, p=0.001. Multivariate analysis done using logistic regression showed that risk factors for obesity included age group 50-59 years (odds Ratio 15.914, 95% CI=1.389-182.26, p=0.026), and being menopausal (Odds Ratio 1.452.95% CI=0.587-3.594, p=0.017). Having greater than five children was also found to be a risk factor for obesity (OR=3.321, 95%CI=1.236-8.921,p=0.017). The prevalence of obesity among Nigerian women remains high. There is a need to plan and implement measures for control.Item Asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV positive pregnant women(2010) Awolude, O. A.; Adesina, O. A.; Oladokun, A.; Mutiu, W. B.; Adewole, I. F.The prognostic significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria resides in the observation that the prevalence is, relatively, high in persons with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. This prevalence might, even, be higher in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hence, this study set out to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among symptom free and newly enrolled HIV infected pregnant women attending PMTCT unit of Antiretroviral Clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 1st May and 30th September 2007. Information was obtained on the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, CD4 count and viral load. Microbial culture was carried out on aseptically collected urines from the patients. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 12 package. There were 161 analyzable samples from the participants. The mean age and gestational age at presentation of participants was 30.49 ± 4.3 years and 27.3 ± 3.2 weeks, respectively with modal parity of 2. Twenty-five (15.5%) of the urine samples significantly grew bacteria. The CD4 cells were significantly lower and the viral loads significantly higher (250.52 vs. 355.57 cells/mm3; 88,731 vs. 55,384 copies/ml; p = <0.0000) for the urine culture positive patients. Eshcherichia coli were isolated in 48%, Proteus in 16.0%, Klebsiella in 8.0% and Staphylococcus aureus in 28.0% of the urine positive cultures. The study showed that the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among PLWHAs is high. The microbial isolate from the urine samples were not different from those of HIV-negative patients.Item Prevalence and pattern of violence in pregnancy in Ibadan, South-west, Nigeria(Taylor and Francis, 2011) Adesina, O.; Oyugbo, I.; Oladokun, A.Violence against women is embedded in most cultures with pregnancy associated with higher rates. This study assessed the pattern of violence in pregnancy in two maternity centres in Ibadan, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study of antenatal clinic attendees, between 1 and 31 March, 2007 at the University College Hospital (UCH) and the Adeoyo Maternity (AMH). By systematic random sampling, 404 women were interviewed. Analysis was done by means, x(2)-test (at 5% level of significance) and logistic regression. At UCH and AMH, 156 (38.7%) and 248 (61.3%) were studied, respectively. The prevalence of abuse was 17.1% (69 women). The perpetrator was most often an intimate partner (48, 66.1%). The commonest act of violence was a threat of abuse (23, 33.3%). The most frequent reason for the abuse was demand for money. Women in polygamous unions (p=0.035), attending Adeoyo hospital (p=0.00) or with secondary school or less education (p=0.004) had higher levels of abuse. Regression analysis revealed women attending AMH were 3.6 times more likely to be abused (95% CI for OR=1.69–7.81). Violence is not uncommon in this population. Education and employment may reduce these acts.Item Routine antenatal syphilis screening In South West Nigeria- a questionable practice(Association of Resident Doctors, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2010-06) Adesina, O.; Oladokun, A.Backgroud: Untreated maternal syphilis is strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes, especially in women with high titre syphilis. The WHO recommends routine serological screening in pregnancy. Some workers have advised a reappraisal of this practice, having demonstrated low sero-prevalence in their antenatal population. In view of this, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of syphilis in the antenatal population presenting at a major hospital in south-west Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of healthy pregnant Nigerian women attending Adeoyo Maternity Hospital in the capital of Oyo State. The case record of every pregnant woman presenting for their first antenatal clinic visit over a 4-month period (September 1st to December 31st 2006) was reviewed. Results: During the study period, two thousand six hundred and seventy-eight women sought antenatal care. Three hundred and sixty-nine women (369; 13.4%) had incomplete records and were excluded from analysis. The records of the 2,318(86.6%) women with adequate records were subsequently reviewed. The mean age of the women was 27.4 years (± 5.34) and the mean gestational age 26.4 weeks (±6.36). The modal parity was 0. Only three patients were found to be reactive for syphilis giving a prevalence of 0.13%. Conclusion: The sero- prevalence value in this study is quite low and may justify the call to discontinue routine antenatal syphilis screening. However, a more rigorous screening program using diagnostic tests with higher sensitivity maybe necessary before jettisoning this traditional aspect of antenatal care.Item Asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV positive pregnant women(Taylor and Francis, 2010-06) Awolude, O. A.; Adesina, O. A.; Oladokun, A.; Mutiu, W. B.; Adewole, I. F.The prognostic significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria resides in the observation that the prevalence is, relatively, high in persons with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. This prevalence might, even, be higher in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hence, this study set out to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among symptom free and newly enrolled HIV infected pregnant women attending PMTCT unit of Antiretroviral Clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 1st May and 30th September 2007. Information was obtained on the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, CD4 count and viral load. Microbial culture was carried out on aseptically collected urines from the patients. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 12 package. There were 161 analyzable samples from the participants. The mean age and gestational age at presentation of participants was 30.49 ± 4.3 years and 27.3 ± 3.2 weeks, respectively with modal parity of 2. Twenty-five (15.5%) of the urine samples significantly grew bacteria. The CD4 cells were significantly lower and the viral loads significantly higher (250.52 vs. 355.57 cells/mm3; 88,731 vs. 55,384 copies/ml; p = <0.0000) for the urine culture positive patients. Eshcherichia coli were isolated in 48%, Proteus in 16.0%, Klebsiella in 8.0% and Staphylococcus aureus in 28.0% of the urine positive cultures. The study showed that the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among PLWHAs is high. The microbial isolate from the urine samples were not different from those of HIV-negative patients.