Scholarly works

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Additive effects of ciprofloxacin on the in-vitro activity of chloroquine against a clinical isolate of Plasmodium falciparum
(Taylor & Francis, 2006) Kazzim, O. J.; Adegbolagun, O. M,; Osho, O.; Anumudu, C. I.
As chloroquine and ciprofloxacin each possess substantial inhibitory activity against the schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum, it seems possible that a combination of the two drugs may be clinically useful. The effects on the erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum of combined treatment with chloroquine and ciprofloxacin were therefore evaluated in vitro, using the World Health Organization’s standardized micro test. When used alone, the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of chloroquine against the schizonts in the assay mixtures was found to be 7.75 mg/ml, whereas the corresponding value for ciprofloxacin was markedly lower, at 3.35 mg/ml. When they were used together, however, there was marked and statistically significant mutual enhancement of schizont inhibition by the two drugs, indicating that a chloroquine–ciprofloxacin combination may be useful clinically, in the treatment and management of P. falciparum malaria.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in the Efiks of Calabar
(Academic Journals, 2009) Kooffreh, M. E.; Anumudu, C. I.; Akpan, E. E.
Hypertension is a multifactoral disorder because of the interaction of risk genes and environmental factors. The angiotensin II is a well known vasoconstrictor that exerts most of its influence through the angiotensin Il type 1 receptor The A 1166C polymorphism is a single base substitution of adenine for cytosine at position 1166 in the 3' untranslated region of the gene. There are conflicting reports on the association of the Al166C polymorphism with cardiovascular diseases such as prevalent hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and pregnancy induced hypertension. These variations were attributed to ethnic differences in different populations. We investigated the association of the All66C polymorphism with hypertension in 100 individuals from the Efik tribe who were matched for gender and sample size. PCR-RFLP analysis was carried out to determine the allele frequency of the gene. The genotype frequencies were 48, 2 and 47, 3 for the AA, AC genotypes respectively in the patient and control groups. No individual with the CC genotype was observed in the study population. The frequency or the C allele was 0.03 and 0.02 in the control and the patient population. The genotype and allele frequency did not conform to the Hardy-Weinberg theory. Using regression analysis, age and diastolic were positive predictors for SBP, r=0.0.50; systolic was the only predictor for DBP in the patient group. Diastolic was the only predictor for SBP, r= 0.656 while age and systolic were positive predictors for DBP r= 0.718 in the control group. Gender, BMI, Al166C polymorphism and other independent varilables were not predictors for SBP and DBP in the population. P= 0.05, odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI (0.13 to 3.44). The Al166C polymorphism is not an independent risk factor for essential hypertension in the study population.
Annotation of virulence factors in schistosomes for the development of a SchistoVir database
(Academic Journals, 2013-04) Adebayo, A. S.; Anumudu, C. I.
Scientific efforts in the eradication of neglected tropical diseases, such as those caused by the parasitic helminthes, can be improved if a database of key virulence factors directly implicated in pathogenesis is available. As a first step towards creating SchistoVir, a database of virulence protein factors in schistosomes, in this study, we curated, annotated and aligned sequences of twenty virulence factors identified from the literature, using several bioinformatics tools including UniProtKB, SchistoDB, VirulentPred, InterProScan, ProtScale, MotifScan, TDRtarget, SignalP, MODBASE, PDB and MUSCLE. Among the protein entries, the most frequently occurring amino acid residues were lysine, serine, leucine, glutamine, glycine and cysteine in order of magnitude. Although sequence repeat regions (SRRs) of significant value were identified manually in fifty percent of the proteins (while dipeptide repeats (DiPs) and single amino acid repeats (SAARs) were not), nevertheless, seventy-two percent of the protein entries were classified as virulent by the prediction model, VirulentPred. Most of the entries (eighty percent) did not have target compounds based on the database of available chemical compounds at TDRtargets. Fourteen of the twenty entries (seventy percent) had more than 30 consecutively negative amino acid residues based on the ProtScale’s Kyte and Doolittle hydrophobicity plot. Hence, they would be hydrophobic enough to be transmembrane in location or secretory in nature. Only 7 (tyrosinase, serine protease1, Tspan-1, VAL4, cathepsin b and L and calreticulin) had cleavage sites and signal peptides, while none had a significant signal anchor probability. The annotations and characterization provided by this work and the development of a SchistoVir database will aid in further research of schistosome pathogenesis and control.
Anopheles gambiae complex: Molecular forms and occurrence of the KDR gene in rural Southwestern Nigeria
(Ibadan, Entomological Society of Nigeria, 2011) Noutcha, M. A. E.; Anumudu, C. I.
An investigation focusing on the molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae complex and occurrence of the knockdown resistance (kdr gene) was carried out from June to July 2001 and August to September 2002 at Igbo-Ora, Nigeria usirig aspirator and DNA analyses. Of the 127 An. gambiae s. l. analysed, there were 66 (51:9%)M and 61 (48.03%) S forms, both recorded in An. gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis. The forms were virtually sympatric throughout the study. Two of the An. gambiae s.s. examined harboured the kdr gene (RR, RS). The occurrence of the kdr gene at Igbo-Ora indicated the existence of the gene in the savanna woodland populations; earlier records were from the rain forest and Guinea savanna. The implications of these results, within the context of incipient speciation in Anopheles gambiae s.s. are discussed.
Anti-nutritional status of uninfested and prostephanus truncatus (horn) (coleptra: bostichidae) infested dried cassava chips
(Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2015-04) Popoola, K. O. K.; Opayele, A. V.; Nkpondion, N. N.
This research study focus on the determination of anti-nutritional content status of the uninfested and infested dried cassava chips by Prostephanus truncatus. Prostephanus truncatus, the larger grain borer, is an alien invasive post harvest pest; with wide spread population all over cassava growing regions. After an infestation period of 10 weeks in the laboratory, proximate analysis revealed increased values for only alkaloids content in the infested dried cassava chips, while all other contents, such as hydrogen cyanide, saponin, tannin, trypsin inhibitor, oxalates and phytate had reduced values when compared to the un-infested dried cassava chips which recorded less anti-nutritional contents.
Antibody specificities of children living in a malaria endemic area to inhibitory and blocking epitopes on MSP-119 of Plasmodium falciparum
(Elsevier, 2009) Omosun, Y. O.; Adoro, S.; Anumudu, C. I.; Odaibo, A. B.; Uthiapibull, C.; Holder, A. A.; Nwagwu, M.; Nwuba, R. I.
Merozoite surface protein-119 (MSP-119) specific antibodies which include processing inhibitory, blocking and neutral antibodies have been identified in individuals exposed to Plasmodium falciparum. Here we intend to look at the effect of single and multiple amino acid substitutions of MSP-119 on the recognition by polyclonal antibodies from children living in Igbo-Ora, Nigeria. This would provide us with information on the possibility of eliciting mainly processing inhibitory antibodies with a recombinant MSP-119 vaccine. Blood was collected from children in the rainy season and binding of anti-MSP-119 antibodies to modified mutants of MSP-119 was analysed by ELISA. The MSP-119 mutant proteins with single substitutions at positions 22 (Leu→Arg), 43 (Glu→Leu) and 53 (Asn→Arg) and the MSP-119 mutant protein with multiple substitutions at positions 27 + 31 + 34 + 43 (Glu→Tyr, Leu→Arg, Tyr→Ser, Glu→Leu); which had inhibitory epitopes; had the highest recognition. Children recognised both sets of mutants with different age groups having different recognition levels. The percentage of malaria positive individuals (32–80%) with antibodies that bound to the mutants MSP-119 containing epitopes that recognise only processing inhibitory and not blocking antibodies, were significantly different from those with antibodies that did not bind to these mutants (21–28%). The amino acid substitutions that abolished the binding of blocking antibodies without affecting the binding of inhibitory antibodies are of particular interest in the design of MSP-119 based malaria vaccines. Although these MSP-119 mutants have not been found in natural population, their recognition by polyclonal antibodies from humans naturally infected with malaria is very promising for the future use of MSP-119 mutants in the design of a malaria vaccine.
Antibody specificities of children living in a malaria endemic area to inhibitory and blocking epitopes on MSP-119 of Plasmodium falciparum
(Elsevier, 2009) Omosun, Y. O.; Adoro, S.; Anumudu, C. I.; Odaibo, A. B.; Uthiapibull, C.; Holder, A. A.; Nwagwu, M.; Nwuba, R. I.
Merozoite surface protein-119 (MSP-119) specific antibodies which include processing inhibitory, blocking and neutral antibodies have been identified in individuals exposed to Plasmodium falciparum. Here we intend to look at the effect of single and multiple amino acid substitutions of MSP-119 on the recognition by polyclonal antibodies from children living in Igbo-Ora, Nigeria. This would provide us with information on the possibility of eliciting mainly processing inhibitory antibodies with a recombinant MSP-119 vaccine. Blood was collected from children in the rainy season and binding of anti-MSP-119 antibodies to modified mutants of MSP-119 was analysed by ELISA. The MSP-119 mutant proteins with single substitutions at positions 22 (Leu→Arg), 43 (Glu→Leu) and 53 (Asn→Arg) and the MSP-119 mutant protein with multiple substitutions at positions 27 + 31 + 34 + 43 (Glu→Tyr, Leu→Arg, Tyr→Ser, Glu→Leu); which had inhibitory epitopes; had the highest recognition. Children recognised both sets of mutants with different age groups having different recognition levels. The percentage of malaria positive individuals (32–80%) with antibodies that bound to the mutants MSP-119 containing epitopes that recognise only processing inhibitory and not blocking antibodies, were significantly different from those with antibodies that did not bind to these mutants (21–28%). The amino acid substitutions that abolished the binding of blocking antibodies without affecting the binding of inhibitory antibodies are of particular interest in the design of MSP-119 based malaria vaccines. Although these MSP-119 mutants have not been found in natural population, their recognition by polyclonal antibodies from humans naturally infected with malaria is very promising for the future use of MSP-119 mutants in the design of a malaria vaccine.
Application of selected bioinsecticides in management of oryzaephilus surinamensis (coleoptera: Silvaridae) on phoenix dactylifera (date fruits)
(Marsland Press, 2013) Popoola, K. O. K.
The boinsecticidal potency of three botanicals, namely: Allium sativum (Garlic), Allium cepa (Onion) and Capsicum annum (Red pepper) were tested on Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Saw- toothed grain beetle) infested with Phoenix dactylifera (Date fruits) at exposure periods of three weeks and six weeks in the Department of Zoology, Entomology Laboratory. The boinsecticides used were in powdered and whole forms at three different concentrations of 1.25g, 2.50g and 5.00g. Potency was determined through, fecundity, emergence and mortality rate of the pest under study. At three and six weeks of exposure, mortality between 5.00g concentration of garlic and the control, onion and control were significantly different at p<.05. Application of whole red pepper as boinsecticide was more potent than powdered form, which was significantly different at p<.05. From the study it may be deduced that the tree botanicals have insecticidal potentials which reduced in potency with increase in time and that garlic was more potent than the onion and red pepper.
Appraisal of heavy and trace metals in the sediments and fish ( Hemisynodontis membraneceous ) from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T; Okori,T.G; Umma,B.S
A study was carried out on the assessment of heavy and trace metals in the sediments and fish (Hemisynodontis membranaceous) from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria from July to December. Twenty-five fish were collected using cast and gill nets. Fish organs assessed were muscle, liver, bone, gut, gills and fins, while the sediments were collected from five sites that comprised of a control, three effluent receivers and a recovery site. The facility used for the assessment of the heavy and trace metals was the inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for accuracy of the results while quality assurance was ensured using bovine liver and San Joaquin standard reference materials. Heavy and trace metals assessed were Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo,Ag, Cd and Pb .Heavy and trace metal levels in the liver of both fishes were significantly higher than the other tissues (P>0.05). The fish muscle that is mainly and highly consumed was found to be relatively higher in the accumulation of the heavy and trace metals thereby making it unfit for consumption. The control site (site 1) and recovery site (site 5) were significantly lower in sediment heavy and trace metals while sites 2, 3 and 4 were higher due to industrial effluents discharged into them. Sediment heavy and trace metals from the effluent sites were found to exceed the limit guidelines given by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. The study concludes that Alaro stream is polluted with its fisheries products
Appraisal of Heavy Metals in the Fish Sarotherodon galilaeus and Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2017) Tyokumbur,E.T; Umma,B.S
An appraisal was carried out on the heavy metals in the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron and Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro Stream in Ibadan. The study was carried out because fish is a major source of affordable protein for the ever growing global human population. The concentration of heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystem as a result of human activities at any given time portend a health risk for consumers of fish and its products. A total of fifty fish comprising S. melanotheron (25) and S. galileaus (25) were collected from the study area. Dissected and pulverized fish organ samples were acid- digested in Teflon tubes for analyses using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mean Ni in the liver, gut and fins of both fish exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) limit guideline (0.07ppm). All the mean Se concentration in the organs of the two fish were all above the WHO limit guideline of 0.04ppm. With the exception of the muscle (0.01ppm) in S. galilaeus, all the other mean V concentration in the organs of the two fish were higher than the limit guideline of 0.02ppm while there is no current value for Mn and Co. The study shows that organs of S. galilaeus and S. melanotheron had V, Ni and Se above the World Health Organization’s limit guidelines thereby making the fish unfit for human consumption as long as the effluents discharged into the stream remain untreated. Continuous biomonitoring of the aquatic ecosystem for heavy metal pollution is recommended.
APPRAISAL OF LEAD IN THE ORGANS AND TISSUES OF DOMESTIC CHICKEN (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS) IN IBADAN
(2016) Tyokumbur,E.T
A study was carried out on the assessment of lead in the organs and tissues of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Ibadan from August to October 2015. Ten (10) chickens (layers and broilers) expressed as samples 1-10 were purchased from different retailer markets (Bodija, Ojoo and Sango) within Ibadan City. The chickens were dissected to remove the intestine, liver, kidney, blood, feathers and muscles were oven-dried at 220°C. The pulverized organ and tissues samples were acid- digested and analyzed for the heavy metal lead (Pb) using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the highest Pb concentrations in parts per million (ppm) were recorded in the liver (2.940 ± 0.040), intestine (3.9800 ± 0.500), kidney (3.6600 ± 0.6000), feather (3.5900 ± 0.06000), and muscle (3.400 ± 0.4000) in sample 10, while the lowest concentration was recorded in the kidney (0.150 ± 0.0300) in sample 1 all at Bodija Market. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significance of the Pb metal in the organs and tissues of chickens at P<0.05. Less than half of the samples had Pb concentration that exceeded the permissible limit of 0.1 ppm set by FAO/WHO. The study shows that meat from the chicken organs and tissues in Ibadan are relatively safe for human consumption.
Assessment of arsenic and selenium in cyprinus carpio from alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2014) Tyokumbu,E.T; Okorie,T.
An assessment was carried out on the concentration of arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in the organs of Cyprinus carpio from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 32 fish were collected from the sampling of Alaro stream from June to December 2003 and preserved by freezing. Dissections were carried out using dissecting set in order to remove the gills, fins, gut (intestine), liver, bones and muscle. Acid digestion was carried out after drying and pulverization of the fish organs. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used for the trace metal analyses while bovine liver standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards (NIST) was used for quality assurance of the results. The range of the As in the organs of C.carpio was 0.000- 0.963ppm, while the following increasing order of mean concentration: fins
Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Wild Fish ( Clarias gariepinus ) Consumed in Wukari Area of Taraba State, Nigeria
(2017) Tyokumbur,E.T; Umma,B.S
A study was carried out on the assessment of heavy metal bioaccumulation in wild fish (Clarias gariepinus) consumed in Wukari area of Taraba State in Nigeria between July and November 2016. Twenty-two (22) market sizes smoke-dried fish (C. gariepinus) were randomly bought from the Wukari markets in Taraba State in July 2016 and burned to ashes with a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mn and Co) in the dried fish samples was analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the mean concentration of highly toxic Cd and Pb was below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline limits of 0.05 ppm and 1.0 ppm respectively. The essential Cu concentration in the liver (32 ppm) exceeded the WHO set limit of 30 ppm while the other organs were below it. Fifty percent (50%) of the organs (bones, liver and muscles) exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.07 ppm for Ni, while the gills, fins and skin were below it. The mean Mn concentration in all the organs were below the FEPA guideline limit. The results showed that the mean toxic heavy metal Cd and Pb in the organs of the fish C. gariepinus were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limit and therefore safe for human consumption. Essential heavy metals like Cu and Ni were slightly above WHO guideline limit in some organs which means consumption quantity should be in moderation. It is therefore recommended that regular biomonitoring studies on heavy metals should be carried out on fish species widely consumed in the area for public health good
Assessment of heavy metal residues in water, fish tissue and human blood from Ubeji, Warri, Delta State Nigeria
(2013-06) Akintujoye, J.; Anumudu, C. I.; Awobode, H. O.
Residual levels of lead, chromium, cadmium and zinc in water and fish tissue from Ubeji River, Warri and blood samples from residents of Ubeji were analysed. Control water and fish samples were obtained from Eleyele River and blood from residents of Ibadan. All the samples collected were digested using a modified procedure from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and were subsequently analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Levels of lead and cadmium in Ubeji river were significantly higher than levels in Eleyele River. Fifty fish samples from five species (Citharinus citharus, Liza falcipinis, Brycinus macrolepidotus, Polydactylus quadrifilis and Tilapia zilli) were analysed. Lead concentration (ppm) was highest in C. citharus (76.07±161.48) and least in T. zilli (23.16±26.30). Chromium was not detected in B. macrolepidotus, P. quadrifilis and T. zilli. Concentrations of all heavy metals detected, except zinc, in the fish species were higher than WHO permissible limit. Lead, Cadmium and Zinc concentrations in the tissues of then control fish were significantly lower (p>0.05) than those recorded in fish from Ubeji River. There were no statistically significant differences in heavy metal concentration in fish gills and muscle (p>0.05). Lead and cadmium levels in Ubeji river significantly exceeded (p=0.0 and p=0.012) the permissible limits for aquaculture and drinking. Levels of Chromium (1737.17±2996.01), Zinc and Lead (149.35±188.28 and 123.49±350.85 respectively) were significantly high (p<0.05) in the 101 human blood samples screened, while concentrations of Cadmium was comparatively low (10.11±10.71). Lower levels of cadmium, zinc and lead (8.54± 7.49, 79.89±62.65 and 53.46±57.17, respectively) were recorded for the control samples from Ibadan. This study highlights the high levels of heavy metals in the Ubeji River and suggests the need for interventions to stem the tide of pollution in the river. It would also be important to assess health problems that may arise as a result of contact and continuous use of the water.
Assessment of heavy metals in the fish mormyrus deliciousus and heterobranchus longifilis from alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2014) Tyokumbu,E.T; Okorie,T.
study was carried out on the assessment of heavy and trace metals in the tissues of two fish species, Mormyrus deliciousus and Heterobranchus longifilis in Alaro stream ecosystem in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cast nets with mesh sizes ranging between 30- 50 mm with varying dimensional sizes were used for catching the two fish species over 3-month duration. Sixty-seven fishes were caught in the sampling with M. deliciousus making up 27 of the total while H. longifilis was 40 over 3-month duration. Fish dissections (M. deliciousus: n=27; H. longifilis:n=40) were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, gut, liver, fins and muscle which were oven dried at 1050C for 6 hours. Pulverized tissues and organs were acid-digested for heavy and trace metal analyses using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Percentage recoveries from the reference material were all above 70% with a range of 75. 25% (Pb) to 104. 54% (Ag). Mean of some heavy and trace metals were comparatively higher in M. deliciousus: Mg(10082ppm, fins), Co(8. 56ppm, muscle), Cu(175. 78ppm, liver), Zn(275. 2ppm, muscle), As(0. 963ppm, muscle), Se(11. 80ppm, liver), Mo(1. 73ppm, liver) and Pb(14. 12ppm, liver) while Na(12980ppm, bone), K(30912ppm, liver), Ca(203189ppm, bone), V(12. 98ppm, liver), Mn(752. 9ppm, liver), Fe(10092. 0ppm, liver), Cd(3. 208ppm, liver) were higher in H. longifilis whereas the following trace metals were the same for both species of fish: Nickel, Ni (5. 82ppm) and Silver, Ag (2. 33ppm). Most of the heavy metals were high due to their physiological requirement in the tissues of the fish species. As, Ag, Cd and Pb exceeded the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization for most of the tissues and organs in M. deliciousus and H. longifilis. This shows that these fish species caught in Alaro stream ecosystem are not safe for human consumption
Assessment of heavy metals in the fish mormyrus deliciousus and heterobranchus longifilis from alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2014) Tyokumbu,E.T; Okorie,T.
study was carried out on the assessment of heavy and trace metals in the tissues of two fish species, Mormyrus deliciousus and Heterobranchus longifilis in Alaro stream ecosystem in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cast nets with mesh sizes ranging between 30- 50 mm with varying dimensional sizes were used for catching the two fish species over 3-month duration. Sixty-seven fishes were caught in the sampling with M. deliciousus making up 27 of the total while H. longifilis was 40 over 3-month duration. Fish dissections (M. deliciousus: n=27; H. longifilis:n=40) were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, gut, liver, fins and muscle which were oven dried at 1050C for 6 hours. Pulverized tissues and organs were acid-digested for heavy and trace metal analyses using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Percentage recoveries from the reference material were all above 70% with a range of 75. 25% (Pb) to 104. 54% (Ag). Mean of some heavy and trace metals were comparatively higher in M. deliciousus: Mg(10082ppm, fins), Co(8. 56ppm, muscle), Cu(175. 78ppm, liver), Zn(275. 2ppm, muscle), As(0. 963ppm, muscle), Se(11. 80ppm, liver), Mo(1. 73ppm, liver) and Pb(14. 12ppm, liver) while Na(12980ppm, bone), K(30912ppm, liver), Ca(203189ppm, bone), V(12. 98ppm, liver), Mn(752. 9ppm, liver), Fe(10092. 0ppm, liver), Cd(3. 208ppm, liver) were higher in H. longifilis whereas the following trace metals were the same for both species of fish: Nickel, Ni (5. 82ppm) and Silver, Ag (2. 33ppm). Most of the heavy metals were high due to their physiological requirement in the tissues of the fish species. As, Ag, Cd and Pb exceeded the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization for most of the tissues and organs in M. deliciousus and H. longifilis. This shows that these fish species caught in Alaro stream ecosystem are not safe for human consumption
Assessment of lead and cadmium in the eggs of Gallus gallus in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2014) Tyokumbu,E.; Daramola,T.
A study was carried out on the assessment of lead and cadmium in the eggs of Gallus gallus in Agbowo and Oluyole area of Ibadan. The aims and objectives of the study were to assess the level of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), study the relationship between lead and cadmium, study the trend of lead and cadmium levels and estimate the health risk in consuming the eggs. Egg samples were collected randomly and fortnightly between July to September 2013 as rainy season and January to February 2014 as representing dry season. Eggs were acid-digested after weighing out 0.5g using weighing balance. Digested egg parts were then transferred to the Buck Scientific's 210VGP Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for heavy metal analyses of lead and cadmium. Results show that the mean metal concentration in the eggs were in the order for Pb as: Egg yolk
Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and cyclopoid copepod abundance in awba Reservoir, Ibadan
(2014) Tyokumbu,E.T
A study was carried out on the effects of physico-chemical parameters on the microscopic cyclopoid copepod abundance in Awba reservoir, University of Ibadan between January and February 2005.McMaster Microscope was used to observe and identify the copepods while a water quality test kit was used to assess the physico- chemical parameters. The results showed a variation in the physico-chemical parameters of the sites with ranges for dissolved oxygen: 21.2mg/l ± 0.85 to 24 mg/l ± 1.71, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): 10.3 mg/l ±0.57 to 11.2 mg/l ±1.4. Temperature 28.10C±0.23 to 300C ±2.07, pH 7.2±0.13 to 7.5±0.27 and conductivity 304 µS/cm ± 42.7 to 330.5 µS/cm ± 70.3. Diverse taxonomic groups of cyclops were encountered at the four study sites in Awba Reservoir during the sampling period. The dominant groups varied across the sites. For site 1, Tropocyclops mellonbyi was dominant with a Berger-Parker Diversity Index (BPDI) of 92%, for site 2, Tropocyclops mellonbyi, Halicyclops korodiensis; Thermocyclops iwogiensis were present with a BPDI of 72%, 16% and 12%, respectively. For site 3, Tropocyclops mellonbyi and Halicyclops korodiensis were encountered with a BPDI of 88% and 12% for site 4, Ectocyclops ilariensis had a BPDI of 100% as the only cyclop species. The number of taxonomic groups also varied along the sites. The correlation between the physico- chemical parameters and Cyclops abundance at the four study sites was indicative of the effects of ecological factors on the Cyclops and the potential of cyclops to be used as bioindicators of environmental perturbation in the reservoir
Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and cyclopoid copepod abundance in awba Reservoir, Ibadan
(2014) Tyokumbu,E.T
A study was carried out on the effects of physico-chemical parameters on the microscopic cyclopoid copepod abundance in Awba reservoir, University of Ibadan between January and February 2005.McMaster Microscope was used to observe and identify the copepods while a water quality test kit was used to assess the physico- chemical parameters. The results showed a variation in the physico-chemical parameters of the sites with ranges for dissolved oxygen: 21.2mg/l ± 0.85 to 24 mg/l ± 1.71, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): 10.3 mg/l ±0.57 to 11.2 mg/l ±1.4. Temperature 28.10C±0.23 to 300C ±2.07, pH 7.2±0.13 to 7.5±0.27 and conductivity 304 µS/cm ± 42.7 to 330.5 µS/cm ± 70.3. Diverse taxonomic groups of cyclops were encountered at the four study sites in Awba Reservoir during the sampling period. The dominant groups varied across the sites. For site 1, Tropocyclops mellonbyi was dominant with a Berger-Parker Diversity Index (BPDI) of 92%, for site 2, Tropocyclops mellonbyi, Halicyclops korodiensis; Thermocyclops iwogiensis were present with a BPDI of 72%, 16% and 12%, respectively. For site 3, Tropocyclops mellonbyi and Halicyclops korodiensis were encountered with a BPDI of 88% and 12% for site 4, Ectocyclops ilariensis had a BPDI of 100% as the only cyclop species. The number of taxonomic groups also varied along the sites. The correlation between the physico- chemical parameters and Cyclops abundance at the four study sites was indicative of the effects of ecological factors on the Cyclops and the potential of cyclops to be used as bioindicators of environmental perturbation in the reservoir
Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and cyclopoid copepod abundance in Awba Reservoir, Ibadan
(2014) Tyokumbur,E.T
A study was carried out on the effects of physico-chemical parameters on the microscopic cyclopoid copepod abundance in Awba reservoir, University of Ibadan between January and February 2005.McMaster Microscope was used to observe and identify the copepods while a water quality test kit was used to assess the physico- chemical parameters. The results showed a variation in the physico-chemical parameters of the sites with ranges for dissolved oxygen: 21.2mg/l ± 0.85 to 24 mg/l ± 1.71, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): 10.3 mg/l ±0.57 to 11.2 mg/l ±1.4. Temperature 28.10C±0.23 to 300C ±2.07, pH 7.2±0.13 to 7.5±0.27 and conductivity 304 µS/cm ± 42.7 to 330.5 µS/cm ± 70.3. Diverse taxonomic groups of cyclops were encountered at the four study sites in Awba Reservoir during the sampling period. The dominant groups varied across the sites. For site 1, Tropocyclops mellonbyi was dominant with a Berger-Parker Diversity Index (BPDI) of 92%, for site 2, Tropocyclops mellonbyi, Halicyclops korodiensis; Thermocyclops iwogiensis were present with a BPDI of 72%, 16% and 12%, respectively. For site 3, Tropocyclops mellonbyi and Halicyclops korodiensis were encountered with a BPDI of 88% and 12% for site 4, Ectocyclops ilariensis had a BPDI of 100% as the only cyclop species. The number of taxonomic groups also varied along the sites. The correlation between the physico- chemical parameters and Cyclops abundance at the four study sites was indicative of the effects of ecological factors on the Cyclops and the potential of cyclops to be used as bioindicators of environmental perturbation in the reservoir