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Item Journalists’ attitude towards maternal health education broadcast on radio in Oyo State, Nigeria(2011-04) Thomas, K. A.; Tijani, S. A.; Seidu, A. A.The study investigated journalists’ attitude towards maternal health education (MHE) broadcast on radio in Oyo State, Nigeria. One hundred journalists were surveyed randomly from the federal, state and privately owned radio stations in Oyo state. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using frequency distribution, percentage, chi-square and t-test. Results showed that majority (54%) were males and within the age of 29- 30 years. They all have formal education with majority (72%) having work experience more than 5 years. Knowledge of maternal health was high (65%) and (52%) had favourable disposition to MHE. Constraints faced by journalist were lack of sponsors and lack of funds. Inferential statistics revealed that education (/2 = 9.55, p< 0.005), radio stations ownership (x = 16.45, P<0.005) and programmes aired (%= 0.20, p<0.005) were significantly related to journalists’ attitude to MHE broadcast on radio. Similarly, significant difference (t = 29.15, p<0.005) exist between male and female journalists’ attitude to MHE broadcast on radio. Proper education, gender main streaming and adequate funding are panacea to MHE broadcast on radio.Item Framing of avian influenza coverage by Nigerian newspapers(Academic Journals, 2012-01) Fawole, O. P.; Thomas, K. A.; Ibitade, A. S.The study examined framing pattern, direction of portrayal, space allotment and placement pattern in reporting avian influenza news in some selected Nigerian newspapers namely, The Guardian, Vanguard, Punch and Tribune were purposively selected between the periods of February 1st to August 31st 2006. Result showed that majority (52.56%) of avian flu disease stories were reported in the month of February and Guardian newspaper had the highest frequency of reports (69.2%). Analysis of the frames revealed that, public awareness (21.15%) was the most popular frame used. News on Avian Influenza and other Agricultural related issues had less placement patterns in most of the newspapers studied. The Vanguard newspaper had the highest frequency of reports on of avian flu on the front pages (23.1%), while the Guardian had the highest percentage (56.4%) of positive stories. There was no significant difference in space allotment among the selected newspaper (F = 0.526, P > 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference between space allotment and placement pattern (t = 0.40 p > 0.05). All the four selected newspapers stressed public awareness, Industry crisis and Government responsibility as national issues in reporting the cases of avian influenza in Nigeria.Item Effects of contract farming scheme on cassava production enterprise in Oyo State, Nigeria(Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, 2011-06) Fawole, P.; Thomas, K. A.There are indications that the domestic demand for cassava particularly as staple food may in no time outweigh that of the industrial sector, except contract and non-contract farming entrepreneurs operate within the framework of sustainable agriculture. The study thus examines the effects of contract farming scheme on cassava production in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used. Oyo and Ibadan/Ibarapa zones were randomly selected from the four Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) in Oyo State. From the 307 registered farmers under the contract farming arrangement in the selected zones, 20% (62) were randomly selected, while equal number were selected from the list of their non-contract counterparts in two of the four agricultural zones of the state. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Average farm size was 14.56 ± 3.43 and 2.14 ± 0.43 acres for Contract and non-contract farmers respectively with respective average output of 6 and 5.4 tonnes per acre. Majority financed the farm through loan as average distance from home to farm is 5.88km. Hired labour was prominent for farm operations and land for farming is through the community. Contract and non-contract farmers differed significantly in their level of production enterprise (t=19.219, p=0.000). Promotion of contract farming through a well laid out agricultural extension outreach will ensure constant and consistent growth in the agricultural sector and consequently alleviate poverty among rural household in Oyo State.Item Effects of contract farming scheme on cassava production enterprise in Oyo State, Nigeria(Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, 2011-06) Fawole, P.; Thomas, K. A.There are indications that the domestic demand for cassava particularly as staple food may in no time outweigh that of the industrial sector, except contract and non-contract farming entrepreneurs operate within the framework of sustainable agriculture. The study thus examines the effects of contract farming scheme on cassava production in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used. Oyo and Ibadan/Ibarapa zones were randomly selected from the four Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) in Oyo State. From the 307 registered farmers under the contract farming arrangement in the selected zones, 20% (62) were randomly selected, while equal number were selected from the list of their non-contract counterparts in two of the four agricultural zones of the state. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Average farm size was 14.56 ± 3.43 and 2.14 ± 0.43 acres for Contract and non-contract farmers respectively with respective average output of 6 and 5.4 tonnes per acre. Majority financed the farm through loan as average distance from home to farm is 5.88km. Hired labour was prominent for farm operations and land for farming is through the community. Contract and non-contract farmers differed significantly in their level of production enterprise (t=19.219, p=0.000). Promotion of contract farming through a well laid out agricultural extension outreach will ensure constant and consistent growth in the agricultural sector and consequently alleviate poverty among rural household in Oyo State.Item Effectiveness of Social Marketing on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Child Nutrition by Women in South-West Nigeria(2011) Thomas, K. A.Despite intervention programmes aimed at improving child nutrition in Nigeria, the number of children with poor nutrition has consistently increased over the years. The usual top-down management approach to execution of intervention is contributory to this problem. Social marketing, a bottom-up and effective approach to intervention, has not been well studied in Nigeria. The effectiveness of social marketing on knowledge, attitude and practice of child nutrition by women in South-West Nigeria was therefore investigated. The study was carried out using quasi-experimental research approach and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Two hundred and forty women were selected by systematic random sampling from ante-natal clinic in primary health centres in selected 10 local government areas in Oyo (4), Ekiti (3) and Osun state (3) based on probability proportionate sample to size with 90, 75, and 75 women interviewed from each of the states respectively. Data were collected from the two groups using structured questionnaire which included 50 points-knowledge, 17 points-practice and 5-points Likert-attitudinal scales before and after exposure to nutrition messages. In addition, one FGD each was conducted among women in each of the 10 LGAs. Fifty percent (experimental group) were exposed to nutrition messages for 12 weeks with emphasis on social marketing techniques, while the remaining served as control. Parameters assessed were women‟s personal characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice with respect to child nutrition. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, problem tree analysis, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Chi square and t-test at p = 0.05. Mean age of women was 33 ± 7.7 years, 69.6% were married, mean household size was 5.10 ± 2.4 and mean number of children under-five was 2.90 ± 1.49. Half (50.4%) were educated and majority (67.5%) engaged in petty trading. The mean monthly income was N20, 330 ± 17,052. At baseline, information sources included radio (75.4%) and television (54.2%). Attitude to nutrition messages revealed favourable disposition to communication channels/promotion (53.8%), environment/ place (58.8%), nutrition messages/ product (53.0%) and abandonment of previous nutrition behavior/price (64.2%). The discussants stated that child nutrition was affected by income, cultural preference and nutritional knowledge. Post-intervention evaluation showed that the experimental group manifested an increase in knowledge from 50.4% to 90.2%, favourable attitude from 47.8% to 68.9% and nutrition practice from 58.3% to 75.5% when compared to increase in knowledge 50.6% to 57.2%, favourable attitude 48.6% to 50.4% and nutrition practice 49.7% to 52.8% of the control group. Marital status (χ2=16.94), family size (r = 0.26), education (χ2= 44.45), occupation (χ2=21.00), and communication channel (r = 0.23) were significantly related to nutrition behaviour. Knowledge was significantly different in Oyo (t = 2.93) and Ekiti (t = 2.29), while attitude was significantly different in Oyo (t = 4.23) and Osun (t = 3.99) before and after exposure to nutrition messages. Respondents exhibited significant difference in nutrition behavioural (t = 2.62) before and after the intervention. Social marketing using nutritional messages in audio, video and chart improved women‟s knowledge, attitude and practice of child nutrition. Adoption of the strategy for effective nutrition intervention programmes should be encouraged