FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Structure and composition of woody species in riparian forest in the university of agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria(2014) Oladoye ,A.O.; OIubode ,O.S.; Odeyale, O.O.; Ola, J.A.Understanding the nattma of £/->s forests in She tropics is crucial So resource managers. Forests in Nigeria are if ;t at a high re'xs The structure and floristic composition of remaining forests are largely who m. Structure an / floristic composition in a riparian forest of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Niger*- f was assessed. Fifteen sample plots of 0.625ha each were used to assess all plants > 5cm diameter at breast height (dbh) in each plot for density, height dbh and frequency. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), similarity and diversity statistics were used to analyse the data am Importance Value Index estimated. The result of the study identified 504 individual woody speck s srom 25 species of 16 families. Papelionaceae had the highest species (4). Anmuriceae, Mimosacca ?, Myr&aceae, Cochlospermaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and A vice.1 niaceae had 1 spe des each. DanieSHa oliveri had the highest density (302 plants/ha) and Impt ■Sauce Value It dex IVIJ of (108.01%). The lowest density was found in Bauhinia tcmentosa, Nan lea diderrichii. / d Maltheria indies (5 plants/hectare) and 1V1 of 2.85%, 5.10% and 2.39% res jecb'vely. The high si basal area was estimated for Danisilia oliveri (71.175m2), the lowest was re, arded far Maiadm ita- alnifolsm (0.107m2). The cumulative stem diameter class of 5-65cm s\ counted for 78. Id1} of the total number of stems in the forest estate. Tree height ranged from ■ 6.4 to 22.7m. Simps* 7s similarity and diversity index ranged between 0.143 to 0.875 and 0.43 to 0.89 respective y at J equitability index ranged from 0.61 to 0.93 for all the plots, while the basal ares ranged from 8.052m2/plot to 27.809nr/plot. High Eigen value (54%), the length of ordination space coverage (-2 to 4).Th@ location of pH the plots in the first quadrant indicates that the envimnmmt k stable; variation in the floristic composition between the plots Is minimal with high heterogeneity in the site and high species richness recorded reflects the heterogeneous distribution patt im in species compositioh. Conclusively, this study has shown that riparian forests may act as a catalyst for successful natural forest succession thus sustaining native forest flora and habitat for fastnp.Item Diversity and phytosocioiogy of herbaceous flora in the wetland area of the university of Ibadan integrated fish farm, Nigeria(2014) Adegbite, K.S.; Olubode, O.S.; Awodoyin, R.Q.University of Ibadan Integrated Fish Farm was assessed using stratified random survey of 108 randomly laid quadrats within 18 plots of900 m2 each. Floral identification, species diversity, relative importance value (RIV), ordination and classification analyses followed standard procedures. Presence of invasive plants were determined. Routine soil analyses conducted followed standard procedures. Soil data were analysed using ANOVA (P=0.05). Significantly different means were separated with least significant difference at p-0.05. The site contained 144 plant species distributed within 38 families. Species richness was high across all plots except plot two. Species dominance ranged from 0.03 to 0.1. RIV ranged from 0.15 to 6.3; Amaranthus viridis had the highest and Aspilia bussei, lowest. Multivariate analyses indicated two ecosystem structures comprising a small densely vegetated near-pristine wetland and a large sparsely vegetated perturbed area. Floral dichotomy included 12 positive preferential groups of 86 stands and 6 negative preferential groups of 22 stands. The soil was Silty-clay. Invasive plants species with high RIVs were Althernanthera brazilensis (1.33) and Bidens pilosa (0.15). pH (6.60), potassium (0.58), sodium (2.23), calcium (11.57), total carbon (38.04), total nitrogen (2.68), and phosphorus (50.63) were higher for soils collectedfrom under forest plots than in non-forested plots (5.85, 0.15, 0.16, 5.42, 5.1, 1.15 and 16.42 respectively). The vegetation of University of Ibadan Integrated Fish Farm was moderately high and stable. The wetland is not pristine, and prone to degradatior. Construction activities for aquacultural purposes should maintain the wetland for sustainable biological productivity. The flora should be assessed periodically.Item Role of local culture, religion, and human attitudesn in the conservation of sacred populations of a threatened ‘pest’ species(2014) Baker, L.R.; Olubode, O.S.; Tanimola, A.A.; Garshelis, D.L.Indigenous belief systems and informal institutions that result in the conservation of wild species or sites exemplify biocultural conservation. The erosion of cultural beliefs and practices can have adverse, often severe, consequences for biodiversity. We explored the relationships among informal institutions, religion, and human attitudes toward sacred populations of a threatened, endemic species, Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), in two communities in southeastern Nigeria. Due to habitat loss and hunting pressure across the species’ range, monkeys in these two sites live alongside people, raid farms and gardens, and are commonly viewed as pests. Using structured (n = 410) and semi-structured (n = 21) interviews, we examined factors influencing residents’ views of the monkeys, mechanisms affecting adherence to social taboos against harming monkeys, and implications for conservation. Our analyses revealed that most residents, particularly those from one community, women, and farmers, held negative opinions of the monkeys. Crop and garden raiding by monkeys had the most adverse effect on people’s attitudes. Although the adoption of Christianity weakened residents’ views regarding the no-killing taboos, continued adherence to the taboos was particularly influenced by supernatural retribution in one site and community disapproval in the other. Only one community widely conferred symbolic importance on the monkeys. Such site differences illustrate the value of local cultural understanding in conservation. Pre-intervention studies of this nature allow for the development of locally and culturally sensitive conservation programs, as well as better-informed assessments of what interventions are most likely to be effective.Item Role of local culture, religion, and human attitudesn in the conservation of sacred populations of a threatened ‘pest’ species(2014) Baker, L.R.; Olubode, O.S.; Tanimola, A.A.; Garshelis, D.L.Indigenous belief systems and informal institutions that result in the conservation of wild species or sites exemplify biocultural conservation. The erosion of cultural beliefs and practices can have adverse, often severe, consequences for biodiversity. We explored the relationships among informal institutions, religion, and human attitudes toward sacred populations of a threatened, endemic species, Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), in two communities in southeastern Nigeria. Due to habitat loss and hunting pressure across the species’ range, monkeys in these two sites live alongside people, raid farms and gardens, and are commonly viewed as pests. Using structured (n = 410) and semi-structured (n = 21) interviews, we examined factors influencing residents’ views of the monkeys, mechanisms affecting adherence to social taboos against harming monkeys, and implications for conservation. Our analyses revealed that most residents, particularly those from one community, women, and farmers, held negative opinions of the monkeys. Crop and garden raiding by monkeys had the most adverse effect on people’s attitudes. Although the adoption of Christianity weakened residents’ views regarding the no-killing taboos, continued adherence to the taboos was particularly influenced by supernatural retribution in one site and community disapproval in the other. Only one community widely conferred symbolic importance on the monkeys. Such site differences illustrate the value of local cultural understanding in conservation. Pre-intervention studies of this nature allow for the development of locally and culturally sensitive conservation programs, as well as better-informed assessments of what interventions are most likely to be effective.Item Role of local culture, religion, and human attitudesn in the conservation of sacred populations of a threatened ‘pest’ species(2014) Baker, L.R.; Olubode, O.S.; Tanimola, A.A.; Garshelis, D.L.Indigenous belief systems and informal institutions that result in the conservation of wild species or sites exemplify biocultural conservation. The erosion of cultural beliefs and practices can have adverse, often severe, consequences for biodiversity. We explored the relationships among informal institutions, religion, and human attitudes toward sacred populations of a threatened, endemic species, Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), in two communities in southeastern Nigeria. Due to habitat loss and hunting pressure across the species’ range, monkeys in these two sites live alongside people, raid farms and gardens, and are commonly viewed as pests. Using structured (n = 410) and semi-structured (n = 21) interviews, we examined factors influencing residents’ views of the monkeys, mechanisms affecting adherence to social taboos against harming monkeys, and implications for conservation. Our analyses revealed that most residents, particularly those from one community, women, and farmers, held negative opinions of the monkeys. Crop and garden raiding by monkeys had the most adverse effect on people’s attitudes. Although the adoption of Christianity weakened residents’ views regarding the no-killing taboos, continued adherence to the taboos was particularly influenced by supernatural retribution in one site and community disapproval in the other. Only one community widely conferred symbolic importance on the monkeys. Such site differences illustrate the value of local cultural understanding in conservation. Pre-intervention studies of this nature allow for the development of locally and culturally sensitive conservation programs, as well as better-informed assessments of what interventions are most likely to be effective.Item Role of local culture, religion, and human attitudesn in the conservation of sacred populations of a threatened ‘pest’ species(2014) Baker, L.R.; Olubode, O.S.; Tanimola, A.A.; Garshelis, D.L.Indigenous belief systems and informal institutions that result in the conservation of wild species or sites exemplify biocultural conservation. The erosion of cultural beliefs and practices can have adverse, often severe, consequences for biodiversity. We explored the relationships among informal institutions, religion, and human attitudes toward sacred populations of a threatened, endemic species, Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), in two communities in southeastern Nigeria. Due to habitat loss and hunting pressure across the species’ range, monkeys in these two sites live alongside people, raid farms and gardens, and are commonly viewed as pests. Using structured (n = 410) and semi-structured (n = 21) interviews, we examined factors influencing residents’ views of the monkeys, mechanisms affecting adherence to social taboos against harming monkeys, and implications for conservation. Our analyses revealed that most residents, particularly those from one community, women, and farmers, held negative opinions of the monkeys. Crop and garden raiding by monkeys had the most adverse effect on people’s attitudes. Although the adoption of Christianity weakened residents’ views regarding the no-killing taboos, continued adherence to the taboos was particularly influenced by supernatural retribution in one site and community disapproval in the other. Only one community widely conferred symbolic importance on the monkeys. Such site differences illustrate the value of local cultural understanding in conservation. Pre-intervention studies of this nature allow for the development of locally and culturally sensitive conservation programs, as well as better-informed assessments of what interventions are most likely to be effective.Item Sacred populations of cercopithecus sclateri: analysis of apparent population increases from census counts(Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 2013) Baker, L.R.; Tanimola ,A.A.; Olubode, O.S.The development of effective conservation and management actions for populations of wild species generally requires monitoring programs that provide reliable estimates of population size over time. Primate researchers have to date given more attention to evaluating techniques for monitoring primates in natural habitats compared to populations that occur in villages or urban areas. We conducted censuses to estimate the abundance and density of two sacred, village‐dwelling populations (Lagwa and Akpugoeze) of Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), a threatened species endemic to southeastern Nigeria, and compared these data to previous census results. We recorded population increases in both sites: a 66% increase over 41/2 years in Lagwa (from 124 to 206 individuals) at an annual rate of 10.2%, and a 29% increase over 4 years in Akpugoeze (from 193 to 249 individuals) at an annual rate of 5.7%. Mean group size also increased in both sites. Density in Lagwa was 24.2 individuals/km2, and density in a core survey area of Akpugoeze was 36–38 individuals/km2. Our results may have been affected by monkey ranging and grouping patterns and improved detectability due to our revised census technique, which included secondary observers. With further work on methodology for censusing populations that occur in human‐settled environments, techniques can be refined and customized to individual sites for more accurate estimates. Our investigation of Sclater’s monkey in Lagwa and Akpugoeze, two sites critical for conservation of the species, indicated that both of these populations have increased, and neither faces immediate risk of extirpation. Such population growth, while encouraging, will likely exacerbate human–monkey conflict and thus should be understood in terms of potential socioeconomic impacts.Item Floral diversity in the wetlands of apete river, eleyele lake and oba dam in Ibadan, Nigeria: its implication for biodiversity erosion(2011) Olubode, O.S.; Awodoyin, R.O.; Ogunyemi, S.Wetlands in Nigeria face constant threat of destruction by urbanization, road construction and agricultural activities, but the floristic compositions of these fragmented communities are unknown. A comparative assessment study of the floral of three wetlands in a forest-savanna transition ecological zone, Ibadan (70261 N, 30541 E), Oyo State, Nigeria was conducted in the dry and wet seasons of 2002 to assess their species richness, density, community structure and diversity. Thirty-eight plant species from 19 families were enumerated in the three wetlands in two seasons. Nineteen species from 13 families were enumerated in the dry season, while 14 species belonging to nine families were enumerated in the wet season. Eight families were common to both seasons. Eleyele and Apete wetlands had relatively stable flora for both seasons, while Oba dam exhibited pronounced shift in flora between the dry and wet seasons. Continuous perturbation of the three wetlands encouraged proliferation and dominance of some invasive species at the expense of indigenous species populations, leading to subtle biodiversity erosionItem Floral diversity in the wetlands of apete river, eleyele lake and oba dam in Ibadan, Nigeria: its implication for biodiversity erosion(2011) Olubode, O.S.; Awodoyin, R.O.; Ogunyemi, S.Wetlands in Nigeria face constant threat of destruction by urbanization, road construction and agricultural activities, but the floristic compositions of these fragmented communities are unknown. A comparative assessment study of the floral of three wetlands in a forest-savanna transition ecological zone, Ibadan (70261 N, 30541 E), Oyo State, Nigeria was conducted in the dry and wet seasons of 2002 to assess their species richness, density, community structure and diversity. Thirty-eight plant species from 19 families were enumerated in the three wetlands in two seasons. Nineteen species from 13 families were enumerated in the dry season, while 14 species belonging to nine families were enumerated in the wet season. Eight families were common to both seasons. Eleyele and Apete wetlands had relatively stable flora for both seasons, while Oba dam exhibited pronounced shift in flora between the dry and wet seasons. Continuous perturbation of the three wetlands encouraged proliferation and dominance of some invasive species at the expense of indigenous species populations, leading to subtle biodiversity erosionItem Considerations for using occupancy surveys to monitor forest primates: a case study with sclater’s monkey (cercopithecus sclateri)(2011) Baker, L.R.; Todd, W.A.; Olubode, O.S.; Garshelis, D.L.Count-based indices and distance sampling are widely used to monitor primate populations. Indices are often confounded by variation in detectability, whereas distance sampling is generally ineffective with species that flee or hide from observers and where it is difficult to accurately measure detection distances. We tested occupancy modeling as a means to monitor Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), an endemic of Nigeria. We evaluated effects of survey methodology, habitat, and human disturbance on detection probability and site occupancy. Average detectability was high (p = 0.81), but varied substantially between two observers. Occupancy was highest in areas with intermediate levels (20–40%) of farmland and secondary forest, and was unaffected by human disturbance. Sampling plots (4 and 6.25 ha) did not concurrently contain[1 monkey group, were likely closed to monkey movements during the replicate surveys of each plot, and were spatially separated so that it was unlikely the same group was observed in [1 plot. These conditions enabled the conversion of occupancy to group density. Scaled to 6.25 ha, model-weighted occupancy averaged 0.230 (SE 0.103), yielding an estimate of 3.7 groups/km2 (95% CI 1.4–7.7 groups/km2). Because some groups straddled plot boundaries, we assumed that half of these groups were inside the plots, resulting in an adjusted estimate of 3.1 groups/km2. Our results illustrate that occupancy can be suitable for monitoring vigilant forest primates where detection distances are difficult to measure. However, special attention is required to choose spatial and temporal scales that accommodate the method’s closure and independent-detection assumptions.