FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Compliance with feed mill regulations: an assessment of operators in Oyo State(2025-01) Adekoya, A.; Adelakun, O.; Omodiwura, R.; Ogunbayo, I.; Oyelami, B.; Osadebamwen, U.; Akano, O.; Enya, E.; Aburime, P.Item Household poverty effects and youth’s life aspiration in Kwara state, Nigeria(Departments of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,, 2024) Adelakun, O. E.; Olayiwola, I. E.The poverty experienced by youth is commonly linked to childhood deprivation and parental poverty which have implications across an individual’s life-course including life aspiration. This study therefore investigated the effects of household poverty on life aspiration of youth in Kwara state. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 180 respondents for the study. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages mean Chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), and T-test. Results revealed that 50.0% of respondents were male and female, with mean age of 22.2±3.5. and mean household size of 7± 2.6 people, while the primary occupation of most of the respondents’ parents was trading (27.2%). Prayer (x=1.08), ranked first as the coping strategies against poverty. Household poverty was high (51.1.4%) likewise life aspiration (54.4%). Aspiration categories such as personal growth (x=14.07), wealth (x=13.0) community contribution (x= 10.8) were the most important life aspirations of the respondents. Parents’ Primary occupation (/2= 25.415, p=0.000), Age (i=-0.153, p=0.041) and household poverty (r=0.338, p=0.000) had significant relationship with level of aspiration. There was also a significant difference in life aspiration of urban and rural youth (t= 3.218, p=0.003). The study concluded that household poverty had significant effect on life aspiration of youth. Governmental interventions should encourage a mentorship programme that will target young people from poor households.Item Drivers of vulnerability to climate change and adaptive responses of forest-edge farming households in major agro-ecological zones of Nigeria(Springer, 2022) Fadairo, O.; Olajuyigbe, S.; Adelakun, O.; Osayomi, T.An understanding of forest communities’ risk factors for climate variation, adaptation trajectories, and how agroecological differences shape their responses are critical to future policy formulation in Nigeria. Therefore, drivers of vulnerability to climate change and adaptation options of forest communities’ farming households in major agro-ecological zones of Nigeria were investigated. Data were collected, using an interview schedule, from 183 forest-edge households in savanna, mangrove, and rainforest agro-ecologies. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. Respondents cultivated 6.4 ± 2.6 acres of farmland. Changes in rainfall patterns were most experienced in the rainforest and savanna whereas, it was temperature fluctuation in the mangrove. Crop farming was the worst hit by climate change among other livelihoods. Crop rotation in the savanna and mangrove (X = 2.12; 2.44, respectively), and mixed farming in the rainforest (X = 2.52) were top adaptation priorities while crop insurance was the least. Low paying livelihood alternatives (X = 1.54), illiteracy (X = 1.73), and lack of infrastructure (X = 1.38) were major social vulnerability drivers of climate change in the savanna, mangrove, and rainforest, respectively. Major political and economic drivers were inconsistent government policy and poverty, respectively. The use of adaptation measures was not significantly different in the agro-ecologies, whereas, the livelihood impact of climate change was (F = 9.990; p < 0.05). Social and environmental drivers of vulnerability to climate change differ in the forest communities, and adaptation priorities varied according to zonesItem Willingness of neigbhorhood urchins in Oyo State to engage in farm estate agricultural initiative(2023-12) Adelakun, O. E.; Adebayo, I. A.Neighbourhood urchins are generally considered deviant youths who use extortion, exploitation, petty crimes and sometimes violent means to earn income. Unfortunately, they pose huge threats to societal peace. However, engaging them in empowerment programme such as Farm estate agricultural initiative can curb their atrocities and enhance communal peace. This study therefore explored the willingness of neighbourhood urchins to engage in farm estate agricultural initiative for self-empowerment. Using a multi-stage sampling procedure, 113 neighbourhood urchins were sampled and data obtained with the aid of questionnaire and interview scheduled. Data were collected on respondents' socioeconomic characteristics, awareness, perception, preferred interest, willingness and perceived constraints. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, spearman rho and PPMC. Neighbourhood urchins were mostly male (97.3%), had secondary education (47.8%), unemployed (58.4%) with average age of 23 years. Most (62.8%) of the neighbourhood urchins were not aware of the farm estate agricultural initiatives, had unfavourable perception (61.1%), were unwilling to be engaged (67%) and had low preference in farm estate activities (100%). Also, level of education (69%), level of exposure (59.3%), poverty (68.1%) and fear of adapting to new way of life (71.7%) were considered as severe constraints to participating in farm estate agricultural initiative. Age (t=-0.298, p<0.001), household size (r=-0.184, p<0.051), marital status (x2=l5.875, p< 0.000), educational background (x2=10.387, p< 0.016), Awareness level (x2=7.480, p<0.006), poverty (r=-0.307,p<0.001), Lack of parental care (r=-0.462, p<0.000) and Peer pressure (r=0.385, p<0.000), Lack of motivation of any kind (r=-0.305, p<0.001) had significant relationship with respondents willingness to engage in farm estate agricultural initiative for self-empowerment. Neighbourhood urchins are unwilling to engage in farm estate agricultural initiatives for self-empowerment. Motivational incentives, adequate education and awareness can assist them in bringing about favourable perception and attitudinal change towards active participation.Item Household water consumption patterns in Ondo State, Nigeria(2023-09) Adelakun, E. O.; Adeniran, I. B.The study was conducted in Ondo State using multi-stage sampling procedure. Purposive sampling was used to select two communities while systematic random sampling was used to select 150 households with 75 respondents each from the two communities. Questionnaire and interview schedule were employed to elicit information on variables and data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Majority (66.0%) were married with mean household size of 5.5 ± 2.9 members. About (41.3%) had tertiary education, less than half (37.4%) of the respondents obtained their water from well and borehole. The respondents were faced with water constraints such as water inaccessibility (1.07) and high price of water (0.40). Furthermore, water conservation strategies of the respondents include washing of used plates once a day (1.29), washing of face and foot to reduce water used for bathing (0.81), repeated wearing of clothes more than twice (0.83) and skipping bathing or ration bathing at intervals during the week (0.47). Majority (56.0%) of the respondents had favourable attitude towards sustainable water management practices and they consumed 102 litres to 162 litres of water per day. The quantity of household daily consumption of water was between 148.8 ± 61.4 litres with drinking and clothes washing being the most important activities water are used for and are used more than twice a day. Government at all levels should ensure safe sources of water for both urban and rural households and also make them available and accessible for daily consumption.Item Needs assessment of youths Involved in fish farming in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria(2022) Adeleke, O. A.; Adelakun, O. E.; Adegoke, A. M.This study examined the needs assessment of youths involved in fish farming in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 100 youths that were involved in fish farming in the study area. Specific objectives like personal characteristics, enterprise characteristics, accessibility to factors of production, level of involvement in fish farming, constraints to involvement in fish farming and needs towards fish farming were assessed. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results of the study showed that the mean age of respondents was 25.8±6 years and 79.0% were male. About sixty percent of respondents raised both catfish and tilapia and the years of experience of respondents was 4.8±5.0 years. The result further showed that 53.0% of respondent had low access to factors of production and the level of involvement in fish farming activities was high (60.0%). Constraints to involvement in fish farming were weather conditions (x=1.52), high cost of inputs (x=1.49) and high cost of feeds (x=1.48). The needs of respondents were technical (x=29.97), information (x27.10) and agro-service (x=30.64) needs with agro-service being the major need. Chi-square result showed that scale of business (X2 =0.527, p=0.004) was significantly related to the needs of respondents. Also, respondents’ accessibility to factors of production (r=0.328, p=0.001) was significantly related to their needs. The study recommended that government at all levels should provide agro-services to fish farmers and make agriculture a business that is attractive so as to encourage youths to stay in the enterprise and achieve food security in the nation.Item Inclination of young maize farmers to practice climate-smart agriculture(2022) Adelakun, O. E.; Olayemi, O. B.Dependency on rainfall and other climatic factors have exposed farmers to various climate risks. To reduce the effect of climate risk, various climate change adaptive strategies have to be employed including climate-smart agricultural practices. Hence, the study researched the inclination of youth maize farmers to practice climate-smart agriculture. A total of 120 maize farmers were selected in Ogun State, Nigeria through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data was obtained using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. The data were described using frequency counts, mean, percentages and ranks. Chi-square and PPMC analyses were used to test the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The result shows that most (83.3%) of the respondents rented land used for farming, with a mean farm size of 7.90 ± 9.98 acres and mean years of farming experience of 16.21±9.53 years. Fellow farmers ((x=1.22) were the main source of information on climate smart agricultural practices. There was high level (70.8%) of knowledge of climate smart agriculture. Channel of information for climate change information (x=1.44) and high labour cost x=1.41) ranked first of constraints to practice climate smart agriculture. Willingness (70.8%) to practice climate smart agriculture was high. There was a significant relationship between respondents’ source of labour (χ2=6.001, p< 0.05), farm size (r= 0.338, p<0.05) and inclination to use climate-smart agricultural practices. The study concludes that young farmers involved in maize production are willing to practise climate smart agriculture. Extension agents from government and non-governmental organizations should adopt e-extension for disseminating climate- smart agricultural practices to young farmers.Item Youth farmers’ willingness to Pay for agricultural extension service in Oyo State(2013) Adelakun, O. E.; Adeniyi, J. A.Digital agriculture technologies have the potential to increase the efficiencies and productivity of farmers. However, the use of these digital technologies requires its users to have some level of digital skills – digital literacy. This study, therefore examined the level of digital literacy of crop farmers in Oyo state. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 120 respondents from the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Data were analysed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, and mean) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and PPMC) were used. Results reveal that majority of the respondents were male (70%), married (90.8%), had no formal education (42.5%), with a mean age of 56 years and average farming experience of 25 years. About 79.0% had between 0.5 and 8 acres of farmland, 68.3% did not practice mixed farming, 73.3%had never used social media, and 72.5% used feature phones. Furthermore, 57.5% had a favourable perception of the use of digital tools with low knowledge (55%) of basic concepts and processes of digital agriculture and platforms. The level of digital literacy (71.7%) among crop farmers in Oyo state was low. Lack of training to develop digital skills ranked the most severe constraint to digital literacy and usage among respondents. However, the perception of the use of digital tools was favourable. The digital literacy level of crop farmers was generally low. There is a need for government to establish a digital literacy initiative specifically targeted at farmers to develop and improve their digital skills through training.Item Lessons from community-led water sanitation and hygiene interventions in selected rural settlements of Oyo-State, Nigeria(2021) Fadairo, O.; .Adelakun, O.Sustainability of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions require a paradigm shift from the supply driven to community-led approach. Achieving this goal requires an understanding of local efforts and challenges faced in solving their WASH-related problems. This study addressed these concerns through a case study of two affected rural communities in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Using eight focus group discussions with 92 male and female household heads, and key informants’ interviews with four community leaders, the study examined existing WASH situation and the community-led WASH interventions in the study area. Information garnered was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Predominant ethnic group in the communities was Yoruba. Most were poorer than the average person. A distant stream, rainwater, and one uncompleted well were the water sources available in study locations and all had poor water quality. Open defecation was common due to the lack of modern toilets or latrines. Starvation, neighbourhood conflict, migration, skipping bathing and meals were major challenges related to WASH. Annual dredging of stream, repair of road linking the communities to the stream, enactment of laws prohibiting open defecating, and partnership with a rural development non-governmental organisation for support were major community-led WASH interventions in the study areas. Rural people tend to require external triggers or support to achieve sustainable solutions to hygiene problems. Collective community action triggered by a sense of disgust for inappropriate behaviours offers a more sustainable solution to WASH challenges.Item Sustained utilisation of acquired entrepreneurial skills among youth in Southwestern Nigeria: National Directorate of Employment’s perspective(Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ibadan, 2019-06) Adelakun, O. E.Entrepreneurial skills are recognized as veritable tools for reducing youth unemployment in Nigeria. However, for it to produce required effects, the extent to which such skills are sustainably used must be ascertained. This study therefore investigated the sustained utilisation of acquired entrepreneurial skills among youth in Southwestern Nigeria from the perspective of National Directorate of Employment. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 163 respondents for the study from Ogun and Osun States. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that respondents had training on poultry production (17.1%), grasscutter production (11.6%) and trading (9.2%) among others. Also 32.5% of the participants did not diversify into any activity while others diversified into activities such as okada riding, trading, sales of recharge cards, barbing, farming, and computer operator while some also got job. Almost all the participants (99.3%) completed the training, about 88.9% were given take off grant or materials and 96.9% had been able to put the learnt skill to use. Sustained utilisation of acquired NDE entrepreneurial skills was high (73.4%). The study concluded that NDE entrepreneurial skills are sustainably used. It is recommended that the sustainably used components of NDE activities be developed as a package and adapted by organisations engaging in similar training programme.