FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Mobility of boar semen extended with scent leaf (ocimum gratissimum lin) extract presenver at 17 ͦ for 48 hours(2019) Alaba, O.; Sokunbi, O. A.; Agunbiade, S. B.; Agbaye, F. P.Scent leaf which is botanically known as Ocimum gratissimum belongs to the family Labiatae is a tropical plant species a perennial and a herbaceous plant mostly found in tropical Asia, especially in India. It is well known for its antibacterial and antioxidative properties. It has been documented by several studies for its medicinal attributes however; there is dearth of information on scent leaf extract in semen extension to improve quality of spermatozoa. Therefore, effect of scent leaf extract on spermatozoa motility in extended porcine semen was investigated. In this present study boar semen was extended with four different concentration of scent leaf extract (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) included in BTS extender and preserved at 17 ⁰C for 48 hours. Scent leaf extract effects on spermatozoa motility were evaluated at 0, 24 and 48 hours of storage. From the results obtained at 0 hour Progressive motility (PM) was similar in all the treatments T1-T6 (98.0±0.1%). At 24 hours, Progressive motility (PM) was highest in T1 (96.6±0.5%) and least in T2 (61.6±2.8%). At 48 hours, PM was highest in T1 (89.7±0.6%) and least in T2 (58.3±2.9%). The results revealed that scent leaf extract enhanced sperm motility during storage. Scent leaf extract inclusion in boar semen extender sustained boar spermatozoa till 48hours of preservation.Item Effect of palm oil slurry on haematology and serum profile of growing pigs(2017) Adebiyi, O. A.; Alaba, O.; Emeruwa, C. H.Palm oil sludge is an agro-industrial by-product that has nutrient profile that is comparable to maize. It is very abundant in Nigeria and could easily be utilized as a very cheap energy source inthe pig industry. However, there is dearth of information on its effect on blood profileof growing pigs therefore necessitating this study. In a completely randomized design, fourty five (45) growingjngs (Large white x Landrace) with body weight of 20.01cg ±1.53 were subjected to 3(three) treatment groups with five (5) replicates of three (3) pigs. Ti (Basal Diets + Concentrates), T2:(Basal Diets + Concentrates + Slurry (Skip a day), T3: Basal Diets + Concentrates + Slurry. The diets were provided daily except for those in T2 that undergo skip a day feeding programme.Blood and serum parameters were collected after the eight weeks of the experiment. Data were analysed using ANOYAaO.os. Haematological analysis revealed that the Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobins, Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC),Eosinophils and Mean Corpuscular • Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were not significant (P>0.05) different irrespective of the diets fed to the pigs. However, the lymphocytes showed significant difference (p<0.05) between Treatment 3 and Treatment 1. Also, for MCV and MCH, Treatment 3 was significantly different (p<0.05) from the other treatments. The serum profile revealed significant (P>0.05) differences in total protein, albumin, cholesterol, urea nitrogen and creatinine of pigs across the treatments. It can be concluded that palm oil slurry at 20% to replace maize fed to growing pigs had no deleterious effect on thehaematological profile However, it must be fed in a skip feeding programme to prevent cholesterol accumulation and muscle wastages.Item Scrum biochemical respone of gestating and lactating rabbit does administered crude moringa leaf extract(2011) Ewuola, E. O.; Sanni, K. M.; Oyedemi, O. M.; Alaba, O.; Lawal, T. T.An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of crude Moringa oleifera leaf extract on haematologlcal and serum biochemical responses of rabbit does. Twenty- four pubertal rabbit does averaging 2200g were used for the trial that lasted for 9 weeks. They were allotted to four experimental treatments with six replicate per treatment in a completely randomised design. The animals on the control (Treatment 1) were administered water only. Rabbits on treatments 2, 3 and A were administered lOOml/L, 200ml/L and 300mJ/L crude MOLE respectively at 2.5mlMOLE/lcg body weight every 48 hours inteiyal. The serum biochemical variables (Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Albumin/Globulin ratio, cholesterol, creatinine, Alanine amino transferase, Aspartate amino transferase, and Alkaline phosphatase) examined during gestation were not significantly influenced among the treatments. However, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the serum urea level. among the treatments. The serum biochemical result obtained during lactation showed that- the Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Albumin/Globulin ratio, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, A,SI] and ALP were not significantly different among the treatments. However, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the cholesterol level among the treatments. The control rabbits that received no extract had die highest mean value (4.05mmol/L) which was nob significantly different from rabbits on T2 (3.68mmol/Z) and T3 (2.18mmoI/L), but significantly (p<0.05) higher than those on T4 which had the least mean value (L64mmol/L): This ascertains the hypocholexteroleinic effect of MOLE up to 3()0ml/L without any negative effect on the health stains of the rabbit does.Item Effect of ascorbic acid as an antidote to heat stress in laying birds(2011) Amao, E. A.; Sokunbi, O. A.; Osiayuwu, O. H.; Alaba, A. O.This study examined the inclusion of ascorbic acid at different levels, (0.00%, 0.05%, and 0.15%) in the diets of 80 Bovan Nera layers in reducing the negative effect of heat stress on their productivity and egg qualities. The birds were allotted to four treatments of 5 replicates per treatment (4 birds per PEN). They were fed ad libitum and eggs collected per treatment were analyzed for external and internal qualitics. The result showed significant difference (0.05) in egg length, egg width, yolk index. shell thickness, shell weight, membrane weight, shell surface area and shell density. The mean value for shell thickness favors bird feed ascorbic acid especially at 0.10% inclusion level. Inclusion of ascorbic acid in layers diet favors shell thickness and shell strength in heat stressed layers.Item Assessment of pH of boar's semen extended with zobo (hibuscus sabdariffa L)(2010) Alaba, O.; Sokunbi, A.; Ewuola, E. O.The use of extender lias been adjudged to be necessary in the preservation of semen and optimal utilisation in artificial insemination technique. In this study, Zobo extract (ZE) an unconventional extender was used to extend boar semen in comparison with standard extender Beltsvitle Thawing Solution (UTS) using pH as parameter for semen quality assessment. ZE of different concentrations (levels) (2.5g/l00ml, 5.0g/100ml, 7.5g/100ml and lO.Og/lOOml) were prepared and the ratio of extenders to semen was 4:1. After the semen extension, the mixtures were stored in a refrigerator at IS °C to IS °C for 24 hours. Spermatozoa pll of the extended semen was evaluated at Ohr, and thereafter at 6, 12, IS and 24hours. Data obtained were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the Statistical analysis Software (SAS, 1999). The results obtained showed significant differences (p0.05) difference were observed in the two extenders at 12 hours of storage. Both extenders had a significant decrease with the periods of storage. Findings in this study suggest that ZE could favourably compete with the standard BTS extender.Item Identification of okra mosaic virus and sources of resistance among okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench varieties under natural field infection(Taylor & Francis Group, 2025) Sam, N. E.; Dania, V. O.; Azuh, V. O.Okra mosaic disease caused by okra mosaic virus (OkMV) engenders significant yield reduction and income loss in Nigeria. This study sought to identify OkMV in 15 okra varieties using molecular approach and to assess sources of resistance in a two-season field trial. RNA was extracted from infected leaf samples and PCR amplification conducted using specific primers, OkMVDs and OkMVEas. Assessment of resistance sources and the effect of OkMV on growth and yield were done following standard procedures. Nine varieties tested positive for OkMV. Phylogenetic tree indicated that all the nine isolates identified as OkMV were similar and closely related to the reference sequence OkMV Gabon, with low genetic variability. The overall yield among the OkMV-infected plants was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the OkMV-free varieties. This study identified six okra varieties resistant to OkMV that could serve as potential sources of genes for breeding resistance to OkMV disease.Item Studies of Colletotrichum species causing cowpea anthracnose in Nigeria reveal two first-time reports globally(Springer, 2024) Dada, A. O.; Dania, V. O.; Oyatomi, O. A.; Abberton, M.; Ortega-Beltran, A.Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important multipurpose crop in various countries in sub-Saharan Africa. However, cowpea production is affected by cowpea anthracnose disease (CAD). In Nigeria, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and C. destructivum have been described as causal agents of CAD based on morphological features. Such characterization is unreliable because many similarities among and within Colletotrichum spp. exist. In the current study, Colletotrichum spp. were isolated from leaves showing CAD symptoms collected in farmers’ fields across four states in Nigeria. Isolates were characterized using morphological keys, severity scores in detached leaf assays, and sequencing of the ITS, ACT, GADPH, TUB, ApMat, and CAL genes. Two species, C. chrysophilum and C. siamense, were identified after comparing multigene sequences. Morphological characteristics and disease symptoms were very similar for both species. However, severity scores varied among and within species. Both C. chrysophilum and C. siamense are reported for the first time as causal agents of CAD across the globe. The accurate diagnosis of organisms causing CAD in the studied region will allow developing effective management strategies.Item Evaluation of agro-morphological features promoting resistance of sorghum accessions to soghum grain mould (SGM)(Nigerian Society for Plant Protection, 2024) Adejumo, O. A.; Ikotun, B.; Dania, V. O.Sorghum grain mould (SGM) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is a biotic constraint affecting sorghum productivity. Identification of agro-morphological features promoting resistance to SGM offer the basis for the development of resistant varieties which are reliable, efficient and sustainable. This study aims to assess agromorphological features promoting resistance of sorghum accessions to sorghum grain mould (SGM). Sorghum accessions arranged in randomized complete block design were inoculated with F. verticillioides at 1×106 spores/ml and data collected were: panicle grain mould score (PGS), threshed grain mould score (TGS), panicle type, days to 50% flowering, glume colour, grain colour, endosperm nature, percentage germination, seed weight, grain density and plant height. The result showed accessions NGB01909 and NG/AO/APR/09/0003 with white coloured grain were highly susceptible at PGS and TGS. Loose panicle type, late to time to 50% flowering, red glume, reddish grain colour, corneous endosperm and high grain density conferred resistance of accessions to SGM. Accessions NGB01890 and NG/SA/JAN/09/0138 are moderately resistant with agro-morphological features which could be exploited in breeding for resistance to SGM.Item Fungi associated with banana black leaf streak disease and phytochemical analysis of essential oil of Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris L.) for Management in Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture (Morogoro, Tanzania), 2024) Ademola, B. D.; Dania, V. O.Banana (Musa spp.) are important fruit crops that are widely cultivated worldwide for food and economic returns. However, they are constrained by black leaf streak disease (BLSD) which reduces its attainable yield. This study investigated fungi associated with BLSD and management using essential oil (EO) of bamboo (Bamboo vulgaris L.). Symptomatic banana leaves were collected for isolation of infecting fungi and pathogenicity was determined using detached leaf assay (DLA). Fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics. Bamboo EO was extracted using hydrodistillation and constituent compounds identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The EO efficacy was evaluated at five concentrations: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/mL. Inhibitory effect of the EO on mycelial growth and conidia germination of the test fungi was evaluated using standard procedures. Six fungal species, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium oxysporum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus flavus and Pseudocercospora fijiensis were isolated from infected samples; while only P. fijiensis was pathogenic in the DLA experiment The GC-MS results identified 22 phytochemicals with sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes accounting for 63.6% of the EO composition. Antifungal activity of the EO differed significantly (p<0.05) at higher concentrations (>0.2 mg/mL) with 80.6-91.3% mycelial inhibition. Inhibitory effect on conidia germination varied between 81.81 and 92.46%. This study confirmed P. fijiensis as the causal organism of BLSD. GC-MS analysis revealed phytol, hexadecanoic acid, cedrol, citronell and farnasol as the major antifungal constituents of bamboo EO effective against BLSD. Based on the potential results obtained in this study, bamboo EO could be a candidate for further testing in the formulation and development as biofungicide in the integrated management of BLSD under field conditions.Item Evaluation of Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp genotypes for response to wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Tricheiphilum(Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture (Morogoro, Tanzania), 2023) Dania, V. O.; Akunwata, C. K.; Omidora, J. A.Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot), is a primary constraint to global cowpea production. It is a systemic disease which impairs water absorption and translocation processes leading to death of infected plants. This study aimed to evaluate 11 cowpea genotypes for sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt. The experimental pots were inoculated with 3 g of wheat seeds which served as inoculum carrier. Disease severity was evaluated on a six-point scale which ranged from mild to very severe wilting. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined using severity values. Data were collected on growth, yield, and disease incidence. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p<0.05.There was significant (p<0.05) difference among the genotypes on the incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt disease. AUDPC values showed that 27.3, 45.5 and 18.2% of the genotypes were resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible, respectively. Three genotypes, IT07K-282-10, IT99K-573-11 and IT98D-610 were resistant to Fusarium wilt disease in this study, while genotypes IT07K-297-13 and Ife brown control were susceptible and highly susceptible, respectively. Two resistant genotypes, IT96D-610 and IT07K-230-2-9, with low severity values had the highest yield of 2.66 and 2.74 tones/ha-1 and these will be useful to breeders for improvement of the low yielding types. These resistant genotypes identified in this study could serve as sources of genes in breeding for resistance to cowpea wilt disease.