scholarly works Agriculture Extension & Rural Development
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/489
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Item Drivers of vulnerability to climate change and adaptive responses of forest-edge farming households in major agro-ecological zones of Nigeria(Springer, 2022) Fadairo, O.; Olajuyigbe, S.; Adelakun, O.; Osayomi, T.An understanding of forest communities’ risk factors for climate variation, adaptation trajectories, and how agroecological differences shape their responses are critical to future policy formulation in Nigeria. Therefore, drivers of vulnerability to climate change and adaptation options of forest communities’ farming households in major agro-ecological zones of Nigeria were investigated. Data were collected, using an interview schedule, from 183 forest-edge households in savanna, mangrove, and rainforest agro-ecologies. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. Respondents cultivated 6.4 ± 2.6 acres of farmland. Changes in rainfall patterns were most experienced in the rainforest and savanna whereas, it was temperature fluctuation in the mangrove. Crop farming was the worst hit by climate change among other livelihoods. Crop rotation in the savanna and mangrove (X = 2.12; 2.44, respectively), and mixed farming in the rainforest (X = 2.52) were top adaptation priorities while crop insurance was the least. Low paying livelihood alternatives (X = 1.54), illiteracy (X = 1.73), and lack of infrastructure (X = 1.38) were major social vulnerability drivers of climate change in the savanna, mangrove, and rainforest, respectively. Major political and economic drivers were inconsistent government policy and poverty, respectively. The use of adaptation measures was not significantly different in the agro-ecologies, whereas, the livelihood impact of climate change was (F = 9.990; p < 0.05). Social and environmental drivers of vulnerability to climate change differ in the forest communities, and adaptation priorities varied according to zonesItem Needs assessment of youths Involved in fish farming in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria(2022) Adeleke, O. A.; Adelakun, O. E.; Adegoke, A. M.This study examined the needs assessment of youths involved in fish farming in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 100 youths that were involved in fish farming in the study area. Specific objectives like personal characteristics, enterprise characteristics, accessibility to factors of production, level of involvement in fish farming, constraints to involvement in fish farming and needs towards fish farming were assessed. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results of the study showed that the mean age of respondents was 25.8±6 years and 79.0% were male. About sixty percent of respondents raised both catfish and tilapia and the years of experience of respondents was 4.8±5.0 years. The result further showed that 53.0% of respondent had low access to factors of production and the level of involvement in fish farming activities was high (60.0%). Constraints to involvement in fish farming were weather conditions (x=1.52), high cost of inputs (x=1.49) and high cost of feeds (x=1.48). The needs of respondents were technical (x=29.97), information (x27.10) and agro-service (x=30.64) needs with agro-service being the major need. Chi-square result showed that scale of business (X2 =0.527, p=0.004) was significantly related to the needs of respondents. Also, respondents’ accessibility to factors of production (r=0.328, p=0.001) was significantly related to their needs. The study recommended that government at all levels should provide agro-services to fish farmers and make agriculture a business that is attractive so as to encourage youths to stay in the enterprise and achieve food security in the nation.Item Inclination of young maize farmers to practice climate-smart agriculture(2022) Adelakun, O. E.; Olayemi, O. B.Dependency on rainfall and other climatic factors have exposed farmers to various climate risks. To reduce the effect of climate risk, various climate change adaptive strategies have to be employed including climate-smart agricultural practices. Hence, the study researched the inclination of youth maize farmers to practice climate-smart agriculture. A total of 120 maize farmers were selected in Ogun State, Nigeria through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data was obtained using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. The data were described using frequency counts, mean, percentages and ranks. Chi-square and PPMC analyses were used to test the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The result shows that most (83.3%) of the respondents rented land used for farming, with a mean farm size of 7.90 ± 9.98 acres and mean years of farming experience of 16.21±9.53 years. Fellow farmers ((x=1.22) were the main source of information on climate smart agricultural practices. There was high level (70.8%) of knowledge of climate smart agriculture. Channel of information for climate change information (x=1.44) and high labour cost x=1.41) ranked first of constraints to practice climate smart agriculture. Willingness (70.8%) to practice climate smart agriculture was high. There was a significant relationship between respondents’ source of labour (χ2=6.001, p< 0.05), farm size (r= 0.338, p<0.05) and inclination to use climate-smart agricultural practices. The study concludes that young farmers involved in maize production are willing to practise climate smart agriculture. Extension agents from government and non-governmental organizations should adopt e-extension for disseminating climate- smart agricultural practices to young farmers.Item Lessons from community-led water sanitation and hygiene interventions in selected rural settlements of Oyo-State, Nigeria(2021) Fadairo, O.; .Adelakun, O.Sustainability of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions require a paradigm shift from the supply driven to community-led approach. Achieving this goal requires an understanding of local efforts and challenges faced in solving their WASH-related problems. This study addressed these concerns through a case study of two affected rural communities in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Using eight focus group discussions with 92 male and female household heads, and key informants’ interviews with four community leaders, the study examined existing WASH situation and the community-led WASH interventions in the study area. Information garnered was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Predominant ethnic group in the communities was Yoruba. Most were poorer than the average person. A distant stream, rainwater, and one uncompleted well were the water sources available in study locations and all had poor water quality. Open defecation was common due to the lack of modern toilets or latrines. Starvation, neighbourhood conflict, migration, skipping bathing and meals were major challenges related to WASH. Annual dredging of stream, repair of road linking the communities to the stream, enactment of laws prohibiting open defecating, and partnership with a rural development non-governmental organisation for support were major community-led WASH interventions in the study areas. Rural people tend to require external triggers or support to achieve sustainable solutions to hygiene problems. Collective community action triggered by a sense of disgust for inappropriate behaviours offers a more sustainable solution to WASH challenges.Item Gender analysis of life aspiration among youth in Ogun State, Nigeria(Iksad Global Publishing House, 2022) Adelakun, O. E.; oguntola, O. DLife aspiration is a great motivation to achieving any goal in life, when people settle with a certain aspiration, they have also decided their future. This study therefore focused on analysis of life aspiration of youth in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 135 respondents for the study using Interview schedule as the instrument for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and independent sample t-test. Result reveals that 56.3% of the respondents’ were male, the mean age of the respondents was 23.9years, male respondents (57.9%) had higher aspiration than female respondents (44.1%), respondents had more of intrinsic (73.40±11.66) aspiration than extrinsic (64.05±14.20). There was a significant relationship between parents’ occupation of the female respondents (p ≤ 0.05) and their life aspiration. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between father’s educational attainments of male respondents (p ≤ 0.05) and their life aspiration. Respondents were mostly motivated by their interest and ability, parental/guidance influence, educational level and were mostly constrained by inadequate finance, unemployment and inconsequential social network. This study concluded that life aspiration of youth was high. It was recommend that youth should be encouraged to pursue their interest and ability, attain higher educational level, and be granted easy access to finance, provision of empowerment and employment opportunities amongst others.Item Climate change, rural livelihoods and ecosystem nexus: forest communities in agro-ecological zones of Nigeria(Springer, 2021) Fadairo, O.; Olajuyigbe, S.; Osayomi, T.; Adelakun, O.; Olaniyan, O.; Olutegbe, S.; Adeleke, O.A top-bottom approach where local problems are treated in isolation has proven ineffective in achieving sustainable development. The need for inclusive approaches to managing the demand for arable lands, forest resources, and the problems of resource exploitation and climate change calls for local understanding of these elements’ interrelationship. Understanding the interrelationships among climate change, agriculture, and the ecosystems in different agroecological zones in Nigeria was the purpose of this chapter. Deforestation and forest degradation analysis approach was utilized. One state and two forest communities from each of the rainforest, savannah, and mangrove agroecological zones were purposively focused in this chapter based on forest distribution and cover. Focus group discussions involving 252 male and female farmers using 30 years as reference were used to garner relevant information. Climate variation caused a slight modification in cropping schedules of farmers due to prolonged dry season, mainly in the savannah region. Farmers engaged in mixed farming and also cultivate more hardy crops like cassava in response to climate uncertainties. Especially in the mangrove and savannah, ecosystem components such as agriculture and population showed increasing trends over the years as forest cover reduces. Downward trend in charcoal production was limited to mangrove and rainforest zones as fishing and hunting becomes vulnerable livelihoods across the zones. The degree and progression of climate change effects on the ecosystem in Nigeria agroecological zones is largely comparable and have both desirable and adverse livelihood outcomes. Affordable insurance policy, credit, agri-inputs, favorable forest regulatory framework, and youth empowerment supports would enhance sustainable adjustment to climate change.Item Non-timber forest products: linking rural livelihoods with urban lifestyles in Sub-Saharan Africa(Spears Media Press, USA, 2020) Olajuyigbe, S. O.; Fadairo, O.; Osayomi, T. O.; Alabi-Adelakun, O.Item Comparative assessment of the changing pattern of land cover along the Southwestern coast of Nigeria using GIS and remote sensing techniques(Elsevier, 2022) Fashae, O. A.; Tijani, M. N.; Adekoya, A. E.; Tijani, S.A.; Adagbasa, E. G.; Aladejana, J. A.The changing pattern of land cover is increasingly becoming of global concern in the sustainable management of environmental resources. Different facets of the natural ecosystem continue witnessing devastation orchestrated by rapid population growth and urban expansion in the face of climate change. This study examined the contribution of human’s to the global environmental change by assessing the dynamics of land cover between 1984 and 2017 while predicting the future extent of land cover pattern for 2047 at the Epe and Igbokoda areas on the coast of southwestern Nigeria. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM + ), and Operational Land Imager (OLI) imageries of 1984, 2002, and 2017 respectively were acquired from the USGS to analyse the land cover changes. Supervised classification was done using the maximum likelihood classifier of Terrset version 18.31. The Change Demand Modelling of Land Change Modeller (LCM) in Terrset integrates the Markov chain for future predictions for 2047. The Epe area which typifies a rapidly urbanizing coastal environment recorded an 84.6% increase in built-up area extent between 1984 and 2017, while the built-up area of the Igbokoda area increased by 103.8% for the same period. This increment corresponds to a decrease in the spatial extent of the forested wetlands with an increase in water bodies. Expansion of water body extents indicates the interaction between the elements of climate change such as incessant flooding and anthropogenic activities like deforestation, urban expansion through sand mining and dredging. Future prediction into 2047 connotes further worsening of the situation. Therefore, solution-based sustainable coastal management practices are recommended to salvage the impoverishing coastal ecosystems from further impairment.Item Determinants of utilisation of university of Ibadan agricultural research outputs among farmers in Oyo and Osun states, Nigeria(2021) Okanlawon, O. M.; Tijani, S. A.; Oguntade, M. I.The study assessed determinants of farmers’ utilisation of University of Ibadan (UI) Agricultural Research Outputs (AROs) in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 176 beneficiaries of AROs in the study area. Focus Group Discussion and interview schedule were used for data collection on respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, knowledge, utilisation level and determinants of utilisation of UI AROs. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics like Chi square, PPMC, and multiple regression. AROs considered for the study were use of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract for pest management, rice-fish-poultry integrated farming system, processing of moringa oleifera powder and ruminant feed block meal pattern. Results reveal that respondents’ mean age household size were 40.05±35.48 years of 4.04±1.25 persons respectively. Respondents had mean farming experience of 7.92±5.26 years. The most utilised source of labour was family (63.0%) with mean farm size of 1.56±0.93 acres. Respondents’ knowledge (67.0%), and utilisation (55.7%) of UI AROs were high for innovations disseminated. Respondents’ marital status (χ2=5.99), sex (χ2=3.92), level of education (χ2=30.69); age (r=0.23) and income (r=0.79) were significantly related to UI AROs utilisation. Respondents’ knowledge (r=0.32) and benefits derived (r=0.80) were significantly related to utilisation of UI AROs. The determinants of utilisation of the AROs included educational qualification (β = 0.462), years of farming or processing experience (β=0.27), scale of production (β=0.33) and knowledge on utilisation (β=0.45). The study recommends that farmers be encouraged to improve on their level of education for better utilisation of disseminated agricultural research outputs.Item Determinants of vegetable women farmers’ economic security in Boke region, Guinea(2021-06) Tijani, S. A.Vegetable production had been a major source of livelihood among women in Guinea. This study therefore, assessed the determinants of vegetable women farmers’ economic security in the Boke region of Guinea. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 180 respondents for the study. Data was elicited from the respondents with the aid of interview schedule and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that average household and farm size cultivated respectively were 8.54±3.55 persons and 1.17±0.62 ha. Personal land (71.7%), household (97.2%) and hired labourers (84.4%) were used by respondents. Almost all (95.0%) relied on personal savings for the finance of vegetable farming. Prominent constraints against vegetable production were inability to access credit at banks (x̅=1.87), lack of storage (x̅=1.87) and processing (x̅=1.86) facility. Vegetable enterprise was not profitable for 53.3% of respondents. Income from vegetable farming was neither adequate (99.4%) nor stable (100.0%). Average annual expenditure ($4,664.92±1723.75) was higher than annual income ($704.49±1,379.98) Almost all the respondents were economically insecure (98.9%) thus unsustainable livelihood and inability to cope with emergencies. Significant predictors of economic security among respondents were household size(β=-0.229), use of personal land (β=-0.188), use of rented or lease land (β=-0.205), use of family land (β=-0.142), use of family/ hired labour (β=0.159), annual income (vegetable) (β=0.596) and the number of vegetables grown (β =-0.150). The study recommends that farmers be encouraged to form cooperatives in order to facilitate access to credit facilities, need for the establishment of cottage industries and promotion of value addition.