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Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/411
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Item Variation in the physicochemical and rheological properties of clays from kanje and doka tofa areas, northcentral Nigeria and implications for use as drilling mud(Authority of the Government Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2011) Oyedeji, O. A.; Ezeribe, I.; Ibrahim, S.; Akinsunmade, A.; Ayoade, E. O.; Malomo, S.; Omole, O.; Bolarinwa, A.T.; Nton, M.E." The physico-chemical and rheological properties of clays derived from the weathering of basalts around Kanje, Nasarawa State and Doka Tofa, Plateau state, North Central Nigeria were studied. Fifty-one samples were collected from pits dug to a maximum depth of 5m. The following chemical and rheological parameters were determined in the laboratory: basic cations present, cation exchange capacity, pH, Specific Gravity, plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity , yield point, filtration, liquid and plastic limits. The samples have a predominance of calcium over sodium as the basic cations and showed tremendous improvement in the rheological properties after treatment with sodium carbonate. The filtration properties were tested to be good. 62% of the samples from Kanje were found suitable for the drilling of water wells, 14% would need further improvement with viscosifiers while only one sample was found to be outrightly useful as drilling mud. 53% of the samples from Doka Tofa were found useful for drilling oil and water wells while the remaining 47% could be useful for drilling water wells. "Item Clay-shale materials as low-cost landfill liners: an integrated geochemical and geotechnical assessments(GEOMATE International Society, 2015) Tijani, M.N.; Wagner, J.; Nton, M.E.Increasing rate of wastes generation due to urbanization and industrialization, as well as the need for proper waste disposal management has been the concerns of many low income countries like Nigeria. Hence, this study assessed the geotechnical and chemical characteristics in respect of suitability of selected clay-shale deposits in Nigeria as low cost landfill liners for waste disposal. Twenty four (24) clay-shale samples were subjected to engineering tests, mineralogical XRD and geochemical analyses. Apart from normal kaolinitic clay, the XRD analyses revealed smectitic and mixed layer clays with Liquid Limit (LL) of 58.3 – 116.5 (av. 75.4) and 170.4 – 173.2 (av. 171.8) respectively while the Plasticity Index (PI) ranged from 20.3 – 51.6 (av. 31.8) and 80.9 – 93.3 (av. 87.1) respectively. Methylene blue adsorption index (MBI) ranges from ≈10 to 18.6 meq/100g for both smectictic and mixed layer clay-shales with corresponding surface area of 0.8−1.5m2/g, suggesting the dominance of active clay minerals. In addition, the geochemical analyses show that the clay-shale materials contain significant amount of Al2O3 with average value of 17.0 and 15.9% respectively while Fe2O3 has average value of 8.2 and 6.5% respectively, suggesting Fe-rich smectitic clays. The overall evaluation revealed that the clay-shale materials are chemically and geotechnically suitable for application as landfill liners subject to appropriate beneficiation /amendment such as mixing with cement and other binding materials.