scholarly works

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/508

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Start date: 2020

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    Histopathological characteristics of gynaecomastia in Southwestern Nigeria: A review from a tertiary hospital
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Salami, A. A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Omenai, S. A.; Iyapo, O.; Odetola, S. S.
    Background: Gynaecomastia is a benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the male breast. It is thought to be present in at least a third of men in the course of their lifetime. This study aims to review the histomorphological characteristics of gynaecomastia seen at the department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, over 10 years period. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was undertaken to review the histopathology reports of all gynaecomastia cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, UCH Ibadan, over a 10-year period from 01 January, 2009 to 31 December, 2018. Patient’s biodata, histological diagnosis and clinical details were extracted from the surgical day books and laboratory request forms. The data were analysed for the frequency distribution using the SPSS software version 22. Results: Gynaecomastia accounts for 2.5% of all breast biopsies received within the study period and accounted for 68.1% of all benign breast lesions seen in males. The left breast was the most affected with 48.8% of the cases, whereas 17.2% of the cases were bilateral. The age range of patients with gynaecomastia seen in this study is between 12 and 80 years with a mean age of 43.36 years. The most common histopathological subtype seen in this study is the florid type gynaecomastia. Conclusion: Gynaecomastia is the most common diagnosis from male breast biopsies. The left breast is the most commonly affected breast. The florid type gynaecomastia is the main histopathological variant seen in this study.
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    Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Ibadan: a single-institutional experience
    (Faculty of pathology, national postgraduate medical college of nigeria, 2020) Fatunla, E. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Takure, A. O.; Okolo, C. A.
    Background: Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2) protein has been shown to have both prognostic and therapeutic values in several malignancies including urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (UCB). Aims: This study aimed to determine HER 2 protein overexpression and evaluate its correlation with clinico pathological parameters in UCB. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study involving the immunohistochemical review of all histologically diagnosed urinary bladder malignancy in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 2002 and December 2016. Urinary bladder malignancies whose tissue blocks could not be found and/or demographic data were not available were excluded. Immunohistochemistry analysis was done using rabbit anti HER 2 antibody (Biocare) and American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines established for breast cancer were used for HER 2 status scoring. The statistical analysis was carried out usingthe Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: HER 2 overexpression was found in four (6.3%) cases. All the HER 2 positive cases were males. One (2.9%) of the 35 high grade UCB showed positive HER 2 overexpression, whereas three (10.7%) of the 28 low grade tumor were positive for HER 2 protein overexpression.There was no statistically significant association between HER 2 protein overexpression and histological grades of UCB and muscle invasion by the tumor. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the low percentage of HER 2 overexpression in UCB with no significant association with tumor grades and muscle invasion. Larger samples involving multiple centers can provide more robust information and further evaluate HER 2 overexpression in urothelial carcinoma in our environment.
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    P57kip2 immunohistochemical marker as a diagnostic tool for cases of hydatidiform moles in a tertiary health facility in southwestern Nigeria
    (National Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2020) Awosusi, B. L.; Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.
    Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common gestational trophoblastic disease. P57kip2 has been reported to be helpful in differentiating between partial and complete HMs. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the P57kip2 immunohistochemical (IHC) marker as a useful ancillary investigation to differentiate complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). Materials andMethods: Aretrospective study of all histologically diagnosed HM cases over a 20 year period was undertaken. Clinicopathological parameters were extracted from the surgical day book and medical record archives. Archival haematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of all cases of HM diagnosed within the study period were retrieved and reviewed. Cases of HM were reclassified using the P57kip2 IHC marker. The data obtained were analysed using the SPSS version 23. Results: One hundred cases of HMs were studied. CHM accounted for 68%, while PHM accounted for the remaining 32%. The incidence of HM was 2.98 cases per 1000 deliveries. The ratio of CHM to PHM was found to be 2.1:1. Seventy two per cent of the cases were diagnosed in the first trimester, while the remaining 28% were diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. Based on the P57kip2 IHC staining pattern, HM cases were finally reclassified into 68 cases of CHM and 32 cases of PHM. The age range for all the HM cases was 18–50 years with the majority of the cases seen in the third and fourth decades of life. Conclusion: P57kip2 could be useful as an ancillary investigation in confirming the diagnosis of CHM and differentiating it from PHM, particularly in difficult and challenging cases.
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    Hormonal receptor expression in endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective immunohistochemical study in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
    (Medknow, 2022) Odetola, S. S.; Ajani, M. A.; Iyapo, O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.
    Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the commonest genital tract malignancy in most developed nations, but it lags behind cervical carcinoma and ovarian cancers in most developing nations including Nigeria. Estrogen has been described as a promoter of endometrial carcinogenesis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the frequency of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions of endometrial carcinoma and to correlate it with tumour grade. Materials and Methods: Cases of endometrial carcinoma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology over a 10-year period were reviewed retrospectively. The paraffin-embedded blocks were retrieved, and immunohistochemistry for ER and PR was performed on them. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were reviewed, and tumours were graded by three independent pathologists. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There were 44 cases of endometrial carcinoma. ER and PR were positive in 29.5% and 18.2% of endometrial carcinoma, respectively. There was no significant association between ER (P = 0.361) and PR (P = 0.204) expressions and histological grade of the tumour. The most common histological grade was grade 3 with 70% of cases (36 cases), whereas 13 cases (26%) were grade 2 and only 2 cases (4%) were grade 1. Conclusion: The positive expressions of ER and PR in endometrial carcinoma suggest that steroid receptor studies may be of potential benefit in the management of some patients with endometrial carcinoma. Future studies employing larger sample size are therefore recommended.