scholarly works
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/500
Browse
42 results
Search Results
Item Endocrine disruptors-arsenic, cadmium and lead in pre and postmenopausal black women with breast cancer(University College Hospital, Ibadan, 2017) Ajayi, O. O.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Anetor, J. I.; Ademola, A. F.Background: The involvement of toxic metals in adiposity has been suggested to be contributory to the high incidence of breast cancer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This study is aimed at evaluating serum arsenic, cadmium and lead in relation to adiposity and blood pressure in Nigerian women with breast cancer. Methodology: The study comprised 85 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer pre-therapy (cases) matched with 84 apparently healthy women without breast cancer (controls) according to age and menstrual phase. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Blood pressure and anthropometry were determined by standard methods. Data analysed by Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher in cases, compared with controls (p<0.05). Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), weight, height, waist hip ratio (WHR), waist height ratio (WHtR) were significantly higher in cases compared with controls (p<0.05). Cadmium positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure while FT4 inversely correlated with arsenic in the cases (p<0.05). Conclusion: Observations in this study suggest the involvement of these toxic metals in adiposity which could be involved in breast carcinogenesis.Item Inhibin B levels in relation to obesity measures and lipids in males with different numbers of metabolic syndrome components(2016) Laniyan, D. O.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Okoli, S. U.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.Introduction: Defective spermatogenesis and metabolic syndrome affect 2-4% and 12.4% of males respectively. Deficient testosterone levels due to increased conversion of testosterone to oestradiol have been demonstrated in males with the metabolic syndrome (MS) with limited pituitary and leptin contribution. Defective spermatogenesis is thus implicated in males with MS but is controversial. Inhibin B is a marker of spermatogenesis. This study aims at evaluating inhibin B levels and their relationship with obesity measures and lipids in males with different number of MS components. Materials and Methods: This is a preliminary prospective study in which a total of 106 apparently healthy males (30, 30, 30 and 16 males with 0, 1, 2 and ≥3 components of metabolic syndrome (NMSC) respectively) aged 19-64 years were purposely selected. Blood pressure (BP) and obesity measures (including visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body mass index (BMI)) were obtained by standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and the lipid ratios (TG/HDLC, TC/HDLC, LDLC/HDLC) were calculated. Inhibin B was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (RayBiotech, Inc. USA). Data analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regressions were significant at P <.05. Results: Inhibin B decreased significantly in males with 0 to 2 NMSC (P <.05). However, inhibin levels between males with 0 and ≥3 NMSC were similar. Age and inhibin B levels were also similar among the different classes of BMI (P>0.05). Inhibin B related positively with HDLC and TC but negatively with VAI, LDLC and TC/HDLC. Conclusion: Reproductive function appears protected in Nigerian males with MS. However, improvement in HDLC, LDLC, TC levels, VAI and TC/HDLC may enhance fertility potential especially in males with one or two MS components, probably through dietary modulation and physical activity.Item Cytokine profile in Nigerians with tubal infertility(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2016) Nsonwu-Anyanwu, A. C.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Taiwo, V. O.; Bello, F. A.; Bin, L.; Oni, A. A.Background: Immune response to genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is involved in both immunity and pathology. The cytokine profile during infection has been implicated in the disease outcome, either resolution or severe sequelae. Serum cytokines of Chlamydia positive Nigerian women with tubal infertility were assessed to determine their possible relationship with tubal occlusion. Material and methods: One hundred and fifty age-matched consenting women (100 fertile and 50 with tubal infertility) were recruited based on C. trachomatis antibody positivity and grouped into infertile Chlamydia positive (CTpos) women (n = 50), fertile Chlamydia positive women (n = 50) and fertile Chlamydia negative (CTneg) women as controls (n = 50). High vaginal swabs and endo-cervical swabs were collected for microscopy, culture and gram staining. Cytokines [transforming growth factor β1 (TG F-β1), interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL )-4, IL -10 and IL-17A] were estimated by ELISA in sera. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, χ2 and Spearman’s correlation at p = 0.05. Results: Lower IFN-γ levels were observed in infertile women compared to fertile women. Fertile CTneg women had significantly higher TNF-α, and TGF-β1 compared to fertile and infertile CTpos women, respectively. Lower IL-10 levels were seen in fertile CTpos women compared to the infertile CTpos group. Vaginal discharge was negatively correlated with TNF-α and IFN-γ and positively with IL-4 in Chlamydia positive women. Conclusions: Chlamydia positive women with tubal infertility have higher IL -10 and lower IFN-γ levels than controls, which may contribute to their development of tubal pathology.Item Male sexual dysfunction, leptin, pituitary and gonadal hormones in Nigerian males with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus(Avicenna Research Institute, 2016) Fabian, U. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R; Hassan, O. O.; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.Background: Pituitary and gonadal dysfunctions resulting from increased adiposity leading to disturbances of sexual and reproductive functions have been reported in males with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual dysfunction, leptin, and reproductive hormones in Nigerian males with MS and DM2. Methods: Participants were 104 men (34 males with DM2, 17 men with MS and 53 men with normal body mass index (18.5-24.9 Kg/m2) without MS (controls)). The International Diabetes Federation (2005) criteria were used for MS diagnosis. Reproductive history, anthropometry, blood pressure (BP) and 10 ml fasting blood samples were obtained by standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated. Leptin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone and oestrogen were determined by enzyme immunoassay (leptin by Diagnostic Automation, Inc.; others by Immunometrics (UK) Ltd.) while oestrogen-testosterone ratio was calculated. Data analyzed using ANOVA, Chi square and multiple regression were statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Testosterone was significantly lower in MS than controls while oestradiol and ETR were significantly higher in MS compared with controls and DM2 group (p<0.05). ETR significantly predicted testosterone in all groups (p<0.05). Significantly lower libido was observed in men in MS than controls and DM2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sexual and reproductive dysfunction may be related to increased conversion of testosterone to oestrogen in increased adipose mass in men with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Item Reproductive function in premenopausal African blacks with metabolic syndrome: associations among Inhibin B, adipokines, pituitary and sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin(2016) Famuyiwa, I. O.; Bitrus, D. P.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fabian, U. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.|; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.|; Ajobo, B. M.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Okoli, S. U.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.Reproductive dysfunction is associated with metabolic syndrome. Since fertility is highly valued in Africa, preliminary data on the association of metabolic syndrome with indices of reproductive function in premenopausal Nigerian women was provided. Sixty six premenopausal participants (44 with metabolic syndrome and 22 controls) aged 18-45 years were purposely selected for this study. Reproductive history, blood pressure and waist circumference were obtained by standard methods. Fasting blood was obtained for pituitary hormones, adipokines, sex hormone and sex hormone binding globulin, and inhibin B assays by EIA, ELISA and electro-chemiluminiscence. Plasma glucose, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were estimated by enzymatic methods. Free androgen index and oestrogen-testosterone ratio were calculated. Data obtained were statistically significant at P<0.05. All reproductive factors except follicle stimulating hormone and free androgen index levels were similar in both groups (P>0.05). Leptin levels were higher while adiponectin levels were lower in MS group than controls (P<0.05). Reproductive function appears sustained in MS. However, altered adipokines may relate to MS.Item Relationship between testosterone, oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant levels in male auto-mechanics in Ibadan, Nigeria(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, 2016) Balogun, A. M.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Chikezie, I. C.; Okoli, S. U.Hypogonadism attributable to males with metabolic syndrome was observed in automechanics occupationally exposed to mixed chemicals accompanied by oxidative stress (OS). We evaluated association between testosterone, OS biomarkers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in normal weight automechanics in Ibadan. This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 100 normal weight males aged 18 – 60 years. They were 50 automechanics in Ibadan, age and anthropometry matched with 50 eugonadic males from University College Hospital and environs (controls). Demographic, anthropometry, social habits and dietary history were obtained by standard methods. Blood (10mL) was collected and serum/plasma was used for biochemical analyses. Enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione -S- transferase (GST); non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), selenium and zinc), OS biomarkers (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma peroxides (TPP) and oxidative Stress index (OSI) were estimated spectrophotometrically. Testosterone was assayed by enzyme immunoassay method (Dialab, Austria). Student’s t-test, Chi-square test and multiple regression were used for comparisons, associations and relationships respectively, which were significant at P<0.05. Testosterone, TPP, OSI, GST, MDA, H2O2, selenium and zinc concentrations were significantly higher while catalase and SOD concentrations were lower in automechanics than controls (P<0.05). However, testosterone levels in both groups were within the normal reference interval. TAC, OSI and GSH had significantly negative relationship while TPP had positive relationship with years at occupation in automechanics only (P<0.05). Automechanics may have OS but not hypogonadism probably due to increased antioxidant intake.Item Oxidative stress biomarkers and their relationship with testosterone in male auto mechanics in Ibadan, Nigeria(Sciencedomain International, London, 2016) Adekola, S. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Onifade, A. A.; Okoli, S. U.Occupational exposure to mixed chemicals generates free radicals with inadequate antioxidants resulting in oxidative stress. Recently, hypogonadism in male auto-mechanics was associated with oxidative stress. Studies show that testosterone, a male hormone increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes. This study is aimed at evaluating the oxidative stress biomarkers and their relationship with testosterone in auto mechanics in Ibadan, Nigeria. Eighty-three males participated in this prospective cross sectional study after informed consent. Forty-three were male auto-mechanics, occupationally exposed to mixed chemicals in the mechanic community, Bodija, Ibadan (cases). Their mean (SEM) age and body mass index (BMI) were 42.5 (1.7) years and 23.8 (0.5) Kg/m2 respectively. They were age and BMI matched with 40 unexposed, apparently healthy males from the University College Hospital and environs (controls). Demography, social habits, anthropometry and gonadal status were obtained by standard methods. Serum obtained from blood (10 ml) collected from the participants was used for biochemical analyses. Testosterone levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay method (Immunometrics UK Ltd). Levels of total antioxidant capacity, total plasma peroxide (TPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined using spectrophotometric methods while oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. P<0.05 was regarded as significant. TPP, MDA, OSI, H2O2 and GST `levels were significantly higher (P<0.001) in eugonadal cases compared with controls. All these biomarkers levels were similar in hypogonadal compared with eugonadal cases. (P>0.05) Testosterone related negatively with SOD in the controls only but positively with MDA and negatively with GST in cases only (P<0.05). Occupationally exposed auto mechanics appear to have oxidative stress and may benefit improvement in antioxidant status. Testosterone may contribute to and enhance total antioxidant status, which may be important in gonadal function.Item Hypogonadism in males exposed to mixed chemicals in a mechanic village in Bodija, Ibadan(2015) Okoli, S. U.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Onifade, A. A.; Adekola, S.Africa has great intensity of chemical exposure and high level of infertility. Functional disorders of the male germ cell and endocrinopathies have been attributed to exposure to mixed chemicals. Data on the mixed chemical exposure on reproductive hormones are sparse in Nigeria. This study was designed to evaluate male reproductive hormones and determinants of occupational exposure to mixed chemicals in a mechanic village in Ibadan. Forty-three males, auto mechanics aged 18-60 years occupationally exposed to mixed chemicals (MCG) at their work place in Bodija mechanic village with mean±SEM duration of 21.2±1.9 years were age matched with 40 unexposed males (controls) from the University College Hospital, Ibadan and environs. Demography, anthropometry, blood pressure and sexual history were obtained by standard methods. Blood (10 ml) was obtained from each participant for estimation of reproductive hormones by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined spectrophotometrically. Testosterone/oestradiol ratio (TE ratio) was calculated. The MCG were classified based on their reproductive hormone levels into 4 subgroups as eugonadic, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, sub-optimal hypogonadism and compensated hypogonadism. P<0.05 was regarded as significant. There were significantly raised oestradiol levels, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio and significantly lower TAC and TE ratio in the MCG than the controls (P<0.01). Exposed hypogonadic males exhibited significantly lower LH, FSH, testosterone, prolactin, TAC levels and TE ratio than exposed eugonadic males (P<0.05). Hypogonadism in the males exposed to mixed chemicals may be associated with reduced TE ratio resulting from increased adipose mass as well as oxidative stress associated with the mixed chemical exposure.Item Female reproductive hormones and biomarkers of oxidative stress in genital chlamydia infection in tubal factor infertility(Avicenna Research Institute, 2015) Nsonwu-Anyanwu, A. C.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Taiwo, V. O.; Bin, L.; Oni, A. A.; Bello, F. A.Background: Genital Chlamydia infection (GCI) and the associated pathologies have been implicated in tubal infertility. Though the actual pathologic mechanisms are still uncertain, oxidative stress and other factors have been implicated. The purpose of the study was to determine the possible contribution of female reproductive hormones and biomarkers of oxidative stress in genital Chlamydial infection to tubal occlusion. Methods: This prospective case control study was carried out by recruiting 150 age matched women grouped into infertile Chlamydia positive women (n=50), fertile Chlamydia positive women (n=50) and fertile Chlamydia negative women as controls (n=50). High vaginal swabs and endocervical swabs were collected for screening Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Sera were collected for estimation of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody, female reproductive hormones [Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Oestradiol (E2), Progesterone (P4), Prolactin (PRL)] and biomarkers of oxidative stress [Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Data were analyzed using chi square, analysis of variance and LSD Post hoc to determine mean differences at p=0.05. Results: Among women with GCI, higher levels of LH and 8-OHdG were observed in infertile Chlamydia positive women compared to fertile Chlamydia positive women (p<0.05). Higher levels of LH and 8-OHdG and lower TAC levels were observed in infertile Chlamydia positive women compared to fertile Chlamydia negative controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mechanisms including oxidative DNA damage and reduced antioxidant capacity may be involved in the pathology of Chlamydia induced tubal damage.Item Sex hormones and their relationship with leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in pre and post-menopausal Nigerian women with metabolic syndrome(2015) Fabian, U. A.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Fasanmade, A. A.; Olaniyi, J. A.; Oyewole, O. E.; Owolabi, M. O.; Adebusuyi, J. R.; Hassan, O.; Ajobo, M. B.; Ebesunun, M. O.; Adigun, K.; Akinlade, K. S.; Arinola, O. G.; Agbedana, E. O.Metabolic Syndrome (MS), which affects 33.1% of Nigerians, predisposing them to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, has been associated with the female gender. The cardioprotective effect of oestradiol against CVD is now controversial and was investigated in premenopausal with MS (PRMMS) and postmenopausal women with MS (POMMS). A total of 191 women (44 PRMMS, 126 POMMS and 21 premenopausal women without MS (PRM) (controls) with mean (s.d) age of 40.0 (6.9), 57.0 (8.8), 29.0 (6.8) years were participants of this study. Demography, blood pressure (BP), anthropometry, hormones, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipids were obtained by standard methods. Data were significant at (P<.05). Age, parity, all anthropometric measures, FPG, leptin, ET ratio and FSH were significantly higher while HDLC, testosterone and prolactin were significantly lower in PRMMS compared with controls (P<.03). In comparison of POMMS with PRMMS, age, parity, WHR, systolic BP, TG, FSH and LH were significantly higher while body weight, HC, and leptin were lower in POMMS compared with PRMMS (P<.05). DBP positively predicted oestradiol in PRM only (P=.044) while oestradiol positively predicted testosterone in PRMMS only (P<.001). In POMMS only, DBP positively predicted testosterone; testosterone, ET ratio and FSH positively predicted oestradiol while LDLC and oestradiol positively predicted the ET ratio (P<.03). Metabolic syndrome may predispose both pre and postmenopausal women to the risk cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oestradiol may protect against cardiovascular diseases in women without metabolic syndrome only.