Scholarly works in Virology

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End date: 2014Subject: search.filters.subject.Nigeria.

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    Traditional crop farmers in Kogi East, Nigeria elucidate elevated HIV and AIDS prevalence level during a five -year study period
    (Academic Journals (Academic Journals Inc., Lagos, Nigeria), 2009) Sule, W. F.; Enemuor, S. C.; Adewumi, M. O.; Attah, O. C.
    The United Nations reported that HIV and AIDS have negative impact upon agriculture and increasing hunger in sub-Saharan Africa. Such a situation is postulated to synonymously occur in Nigeria. This study therefore, aimed to investigate the prevalence level of HIV antibodies and AIDS among traditional crop farmers and non-farmers comprising traders, drivers, teachers and students in Kogi East. This is one of the primary agricultural areas of Kogi State, Nigeria and is therefore of great importance to perform an assessment depicting the prevalence of local HIV infection. Documented records of HIV antibody screening from the year 2002 to 2006 at the Voluntary Counselling and HIV Testing Unit of General Hospital, Ankpa, Kogi East were reviewed. Selected data was statistically analyzed with Chi2 - test using SPSS 13.0. A total of 11,077 patients from the ages of two months to 72 years were screened during the five years. Of this, 2,510 HIV positive cases (overall prevalence of 22.70%; mean = 21.86%; n= 5; standard deviation [SD] = 5.64%) and 322 mean = 12.47%; n = 5; SD = 2.23%) AIDS-related deaths were documented. The letter group included 250 (77.6%, mean = 71.91%; SD = 15.72%) farmers. A significant higher number of farmers were seropositive (_2 = 72.710; p = 0.001, df = 1, _ = 0.05) and died (_2 = 93.255; p = 0.001, df = 1, _ = 0.05) of AIDS-related illness compared to the non-farmers. The ages of people that died range from 12 to 49 years (n = 322) with a mean age of 44.1 years. Throughout the specified five years sampling duration, more non-farmers than farmers partook in HIV antibody screening. Farmers that were seropositive for HIV antibodies and died of AIDS-related illness were significantly higher in proportion than the non-farmers.
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    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specific antibodies among married pregnant women and female commercial sex workers attending voluntary counseling and HIV testing (VCT) centre in Abuja, Nigeria
    (Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Society of Nigeria (MMSN), 2009) Sule,W. F; Adewumi, M. O.; Samuel, T. C.
    Generally, married women and commercial sex workers (CSWs) engage in sexual activity - an important risk factor for contracting HIV. We therefore tested a hypothesis that prevalence of HIV-1/2 antibodies among married pregnant women (PW) is not different from that of female CSWs. One hundred married PW and 99 female CSWs enrolled in the study. They were consecutively selected as they visited the VCT centre for HIV antibody test. Pertinent data were obtained from each subject using questionnaire forms; venous blood sample was aseptically collected from subjects that gave verbal consent. Plasma obtained from each sample was tested using parallel testing algorithm with DETERMINE® HIV-1/2 and HIV-1/2 STAT-PAK® test was used for statistical analysis of the data. The overall prevalence of HIV-1/2 antibodies was 29.1% (n = 199). Seroprevalence of 39.4 and 19.0% were observed for the CSWs and the PW, respectively. Using various variables, comparison of HIV-1/2 serostatus of the CSWs with that of the married PW showed that the CSWs generally had significantly higher seroprevalence. CSWs who were inconsistent in the use of condom with their clients prior to sexual intercourse in the past three months before this study (P = 0.0001, OR = 11.2) and those aged _ 39 years had significantly (P =0.004, OR = 2.6) higher seroprevalence. Though both groups recorded seropositivity, inconsistency in the use of condom appeared to be the factor mostly responsible for the significantly higher seropositivity of the female CSWs.
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    Mother-to-child transmission of different HIV-1 subtypes among ARV NAÏVE infected pregnant women in Nigeria
    (2006) Odaibo, G. N.; Olaleye, D. O.; Heyndrick, L.; Vereecken, K.; Houwer, K.; Jassens, W.
    "The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV as well as the implications of the circulating multiple subtypes to MTCT in Nigeria are not known. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the differential rates of MTCT of HIV-1 subtypes detected among infected pregnant women before ARV intervention therapy became available in Nigeria. Twenty of the HIV-positive women who signed the informed consent form during pregnancy brought their babies for follow-up testing at age 18-24 months. Plasma samples from both mother and baby were tested for HIV antibody at the Department of Virology, UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria. All positive samples (plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMCs) were shipped to the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, where the subtype of the infecting virus was determined using the HMA technique. Overall, a mother-to-child HIV transmission rate of 45% was found in this cohort. Specifically, 36.4%, 66.7% and 100% of the women infected with HIV-1 CRF02 (IbNg), G and B, respectively, transmitted the virus to their babies. As far as it can be ascertained, this is the first report on the rate of MTCT of HIV in Nigeria. The findings reported in this paper will form a useful reference for assessment of currently available therapeutic intervention of MTCT in the country."