Scholarly works in Virology

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    Evaluation of CD4 T lymphocyte cell Levels among Hepatitis B, C and E Viruses negative individuals in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN International, 2017) Adewumi, M. O .; Omoruyi, E. C.; Ifeorah, I. M.; Bakarey, A. S.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Akere, A.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Adeniji, J.A.
    Aim: The CD4 T lymphocytes play a key role in achieving a regulated effective immune response to foreign antigens. It is also a valuable parameter for assessing HIV disease progression. However, variations in CD4 T lymphocyte values due to diverse factors have been reported. Here we evaluated CD4 T lymphocytes among community dwellers who tested negative for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis E viruses and compared the results with the National Reference Values (NRVs).Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were enrolled using a convenient sampling technique and their socio-demographic characteristics were captured by administration of semi-structured questionnaires. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among residents of Ibadan metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria. Participants were enrolled between July and September, 2013 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methodology: Four hundred consenting participants who fulfilled the criteria for enrolment were evaluated for CD4 T lymphocyte counts. Results: Estimated mean CD4 T lymphocyte count of 1,183 (CD4 Range: 328-2680) cells/μl of blood was recorded for the participants. Four (1.0%), 151 (37.8%), 157 (39.2%), 74 (18.5), and 14(3.5) of the participants had CD4 T lymphocyte count ranged 352-500, 501-1,000, 1,001-1500, 1501-2,000, and >2,000 cells/μl of blood, respectively. Differences in the estimated mean CD4 count between different age groups varied significantly (P=0.010).Conclusion: In this study, significantly higher CD4 T lymphocyte values were observed among the study population in comparison to the NRVs, and consequently we advise careful interpretation and use of extrapolated CD4 T lymphocyte values in the management of persons with diverse geographical background or health conditions.
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    High Prevalence of Anti-HCV Antibodies Among Pregnant Women in Southwestern Nigeria
    (IISTE, 2017) Japhet, M. O.; Donbraye, E.; Adesina, O. A.; Adewumi, M. O.
    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. While universal screening for other blood-borne viruses (BBVs) such as HIV and HBV among pregnant women is recommended in Nigeria, no such recommendation exist for HCV in the country. Despite recently developed direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) to cure HCV at high rates and at very high cost, the absence of an HCV vaccine or approved therapy during pregnancy makes prevention of vertical transmission impossible at the moment. Using a commercially available enzyme linked immunoassay technique, prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was determined among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Southwestern Nigeria. Of the 273 serum samples obtained from the pregnant women 9.5% was positive for anti-HCV antibody. There were differences in anti-HCV prevalence by age and locality. Results of the study confirm endemicity of HCV among pregnant women in the country, consequently, we advocate free screening, among other essential measures for HCV intervention in Nigeria.