FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/265

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 400

5-flourouracil vs. beta-aiiadiation in the prevention of pterygium recurrence
(Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2004) Bekibele, C. O.; Baiyeroju, A. M.; Ajayi, B. G. K
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with beta-irradiation in the prevention of pterygium recurrence. Materials and methods: A retrospective non-randomised review of cases of fleshy pterygium treated with bare sclera excision and adjuvant 5-FU were compared with similar morphologically appearing ptervgia, marched for age and sex, treated with bare seleral excision and adjuvant beta-irradiation. All surgeries were carried out at the university college hospital and Ojulowo eye hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Results: Twenty-seven eyes of 24 patients who had pterygium excision with adjuvant treatment with 5-FU were compared with 31 eyes of 24 patients who were treated with excision and beta-irradiation. The mean age for the 5-FU group was 46.1 years while that for the beta-irradiation group was 46.9 years. Both sexes were equally represented, 12 males and 12 females. There were seven (25.9%) initial recurrences in the 5-FU group but four of these became atrophic, and therefore, cosmetically acceptable leaving three eyes (11 %) with unacceptable recurrent pterygium. The beta-irradiation group, however, had seven (22.5) initial recurrence but five of these became atrophic and fell short of the cornea, leaving two (6.5%) with clinically unacceptable recurrence. The difference was, however, nor statistically significant (Zc = 0.74 and p > 0.1). The associated complications were mostly mild in both groups and included cornea opacitv of 10 (37%) complications, conjunctivitis of three (11 %) complications, sclera granuloma of three (11%) complications and conjunctiva necrosis of one (3.7%) complication for the 5-FU group, and while the beta-irradiation group had corneal opacity of one(3.7%) complication and conjunctivitis of three (11%) complications. Conclusion: The non-statistical significance of a lower pterygium recurrence rate with use of beta-irradiation for the treatment of fleshy pterygium compared with 5-FU may have been partly due to the small number of patients studied. A randomised-controlled study using a larger sample size is therefore proposed. However, the fact that over half of those with initial recurrence in the 5-FU group became atrophic (and therefore cosmetically acceptable) over rime as well as less cost implication in the purchase of 5-FU relative to Strontium-90 association with few and mild complications makes it a desirable adjuvant therapy in depressed economics. However, beta-irradiation still has a place when cost issue is not an inhibiting factor in view of its clinically superior outcome
A case report on Lassa fever and hearing loss: a rare occurrence and review of the literature.
(2017) Daniel, A.; |Raji, Y.R.; |Ijitola, J.O.; Bello, T.O.; Jinadu, O.Y.; Ajayi, S.O.; Olaleye, O.D.; Salako, B.L; Lasisi, O.A.
Lassa fever is highly endemic in Nigeria and other West African countries, it is a disease associated with high case fatality and chronic sequelae in those that survived. Lack of effective vaccine has made the disease difficult to control and it prevention depends on eradications of the multmammate rats and universal precautions by all when a case is identified. We report a case of a 51 years old health worker who had a severe form of Lassa fever complicated by sensorineural deafness at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, South West Nigeria.
A predominance of hypertensive heart failure in the Abuja heart study cohort of urban Nigerians: a prospective clinical registry of 1515 de novo cases.
(2012) Ojji D.; Stewart, S.; Ajayi, S.; Manmak, M.; Sliwa K.
Aims: Even though cardiovascular disease is gradually becoming the major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, there are very few data on the pattern of heart disease in this part of the world. We therefore decided to determine the pattern of heart disease in Abuja, which is one of the fastest growing and most westernized cities in Nigeria, and compare our findings with those of the Heart of Soweto Study in South Africa. Methods and results: Detailed clinical data were consecutively captured from 1515 subjects of African descent, residing in Abuja, and equivalent Soweto data from 4626 subjects were available for comparison. In Abuja, male subjects were on average, 2 years older than female subjects. Hypertension was the primary diagnosis in 45.8% of the cohort, comprising more women than men [odds ratio (OR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26– 2.65], and hypertensive heart failure (HF) was the most common form of HF in 61% of cases. On an age- and sex-adjusted basis, compared with the Soweto cohort, the Abuja cohort were more likely to present with a primary diagnosis of hypertension (adjusted OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.85– 2.42) or hypertensive heart disease/failure (OR 2.48, 95% CI 2.18–2.83); P , 0.001 for both. They were, however, far less likely to present with CAD (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.02 –0.11) and right heart failure (2.5% vs. 27%). Conclusion: As in Soweto, but more so, hypertension is the most common cause of de novo HF presentations in Abuja, Nigeria.
Abdominal paraganglioma in a pediatric patient
(2008) Atalabi, O. M; Lee, E. Y.
Abdominal ultrasonography inHIV/AIDS patients in southwestern Nigeria.
(BioMEd Central Limited, 2008) Obajimi, M. O.; Atalabi, M. O.; Ogbole, G. I.; Adeniji-Sofoluwe, A. T.; Agunloye, A. M.; Adekanmi, A. J.
"Though the major target of the HIV-virus is the immune system, the frequency of abdominal disorders in HIV/AIDS patients has been reported to be second only to pulmonary disease. These abdominal manifestations may be on the increase as the use of antlretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. Ultrasonography is an easy to perform, non invasive, inexpensive and safe imaging technique that is invaluable in Africa where AIDS is most prevalent and where sophisticated diagnostic tools are not readily available. Purpose: To describe the findings and evaluate the clinical utility of abdominal uitrasonography in HIV?AIDS patients in Ibadan. Methods:A Prospective evaluation of the abdominal ultrasonography of 391 HIV-positive patients as well as 391 age and sex- matched HIV-negative patients were carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.Results: Of the 391 cases studied, 260 (66.5%) were females; the mean age was 38.02 years, (range 15-66 years). The disease was most prevalent in the 4th decade with an incidence of 40.4%. Compared with the HIV-negative individual group of patients had a significantly higher proportion of splenomegaly (13.5% vs. 7.7%; p < 0.01), lymphadenopathy (2.0% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.70), and renal abnormalities (8.4% vs. 3.8%; p < 0.02). There were no differences in hepatic and pancreatic abnormalities between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. There were significantly fewer gallstones in the HIV+ group (1.4% vs. 5.1%; p < 0.01). Conclusion:AIDS is a multi-systemic disease and its demographic and clinical pattern remains the same globally. Ultrasond optimally suited for its clinical management especially in Africa. Its accuracy and sensitivity may be much improved with clinico-pathologic correlation which may not be readily available in developing countries; further studies may provide much needed diagnostic algorithms. "
Acceptability of counseling and testing for HIV infection in women in labour at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Makerere University, 2011-03) Bello, F.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Adesina, O. A.; Olayemi, O.; Awonuga, O. M.; Adewole, I. F.
Background: Many patients are referred to labour ward as emergencies, and therefore do not benefit from the antenatal HIV counselling and testing and treatment offered to registered patients. Objective: To assess the acceptability and suitability of offering HIV counselling and testing to women of unknown HIV status presenting in labour. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising counselling and obtaining consent for HIV testing among 104 unregistered patients who presented in labour over a 3-month period. Rapid and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening was performed for 90 consenting respondents. Reactive results were confirmed by Western blot. Appropriate therapy was instituted. Results: Acceptance rate for HIV testing was 86.5%, prevalence of HIV was 6.7%. Women of lower educational status were more likely to accept testing in labour (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.7; p=0.01); age, parity, occupation and knowledge of HIV had no influence. Most women (66.3%) had satisfactory knowledge of HIV. No one admitted to feeling coerced to test in fear of being denied care. Most refusals for screening were to avoid needle pricks (28.6%). Compared to ELISA screening test, specificity of the rapid test was 100%, sensitivity 85.7%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 98.8%. Attitude to testing was maintained on post-partum re-evaluation. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV amongst unregistered parturients showed the importance of offering point-of-care HIV testing and intervention, especially in an environment where antenatal clinic attendance is poor. Rapid testing appeared to be acceptable and feasible in labour to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Accidental ingestion of a drawing pin a case of an unusal foreign body in the Oesphagus
(2001) Agunloye, A. M.; Atalabi, O. M.; Obajimi, M. O.
Acute kidney injury among patients undergoing major surgery in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria .
(2018) Raji, Y.R.; Ajayi, S.O.; Ademola, A.F.; Lawal, T.A.; Ayandipo, O.O.; Adigun, T.A.
Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underreported but major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing major surgical interventions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Whereas AKI is often seen following major cardiac surgery in high-income countries, a similar spectrum of surgical diseases and interventions is not seen in developing countries. The impacts on surgical outcomes have also not been well characterized in SSA. This study aimed at identifying risk factors, incidence and determinants and short-term outcomes of AKI among patients undergoing major surgery. Methods. This was a cohort study of adult patients undergoing major surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data obtained were sociodemographic details, risk factors for AKI, details of surgery, anaesthesia and intraoperative events and short-term outcomes. Blood samples were obtained for pre-operative (pre-op) full blood count, serum electrolytes, blood urea and creatinine (SCr). Post-operatively (Post-op) SCr was determined at 24 h, Day 7 post-op and weekly until each patient was discharged. Results. A total of 219 subjects who had major surgery (86.3% elective) were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 46 (range 18–73) years and 72.6% were females. The surgeries performed were mostly simple mastectomies (37.4%), exploratory laparotomies (22.8%) and total thyroidectomies (16.4%). The incidences of AKI were 18.7% at 24 h and 17.4% at Day 7 post-op, while cumulative AKI incidence was 22.5% at 1-week post-op. Pre-op elevated SCr [odds ratio (OR) 3.86], sepsis (OR 2.69), anaemia (OR 2.91) and duration of surgery >120 min (OR 1.75) were independently associated with AKI. In patient mortality was 20.4% in individuals with AKI and 5.3% in those without AKI (P < 0.01) Conclusion. Peri-operative risk factors for AKI are common among patients undergoing major surgery in SSA hospitals. The cumulative incidence of AKI was high and independently associated with pre-op sepsis, anaemia, pre-existing kidney dysfunction and duration of surgery >120 min
Adie's syndrome as a cause of amblyopia
(Slack Incorporated, Medical Publisher, New Jersey, 1987) Agbeja, A. M; Dutton, M. D.
Adie's syndrome comprises a tonic pupil, which may be associated with impairment of accommodation, in the presence of diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes. We report a case of a 4-year-old boy with Adie's syndrome in which latent hypermetropia was made manifest by accommodative paresis and resulted in reversible amblyopia
Advantages of simultaneous bilateral trabeculectomy over consecutive bilateral trabeculectomy in lbadan
(1996-09) Baiyeroju-Agbeja, A. M.; Ajewole, J. F.
A retrospective study of 26 patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral trabeculectomy over a 5year period was reviewed. Advantages of simultaneous bilateral trabeculectomy include a shorter stay in hospital compared to consecutive bilateral trabeculectomy, as well as a single general anaesthetic if required and this reduces the risk of exposure to anaesthetic agents within a short time. The turn-around time in theatre is also improved compared with separate operations. Preoperatively, 20 of the patients (77%) were on two or more antiglaucoma therapy. 69% of the patients (18patients) spent 7days in hospital, from admission to discharge, the normal duration of hospital stay for unilateral trabeculectomy. Only 31% spent over one week, none stayed in hospital beyond two weeks. Post operative complications occurred in 8 eyes (15.4%) but none led to blindness. Visual outcome was good in these patients as none had reduced vision postoperatively compared to preoperatively, 3eyes had an improvement in visual acuity postoperatively.
Ambulatory cleft lip surgery in a developing country
(2015) Olawoye O.A; Olusanya A.A; Ademola S.A; Iyun A.O; Michael A.I; Akinmoladun V.I.
Background: Ambulatory cleft lip surgery has been practiced extensively in many developed countries, however cleft lip repair in most developing countries involve patient hospitalization of varying duration. Driven bythe recent acute shortage of pediatric bed space in our hospital, an increasing number of cleft lip surgeries are being performed on out-patient basis. The aim of this study was to report our experience with ambulatory cleft lip surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: A retrospective review of Cleft lip Surgeries performed between February 2007 and January 2010 was done. Data of patients who had cleft lip surgery was retrieved from our Smile Train data base, the operating room surgery records and the Nurses' admission/discharge records on ail the wards on which the patients were either received or admitted. Information obtained included the demographic characteristics of the patients, complications reported, length of stay (LOS) for in-patients and the need for re-admission before the first follow-up clinic appointment among the two groups. Results: Eighty three patients were identified but complete data was obtained for forty patients. (Retrieval rate of 48%) The ambulatory group comprised of 15 patients while- the in-patient group had 25 patients. The mean patient age was 5.7years in the ambulatory and 9.7 years in the in-patient group. Both groups were homogenous for other parameters. None of the patients in the ambulatory group was re-admitted for any post-operative complication while only one patient in the in-patient group had a post-operative complication necessitating prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion: Ambulatory cleft lip surgery was found to be safe in our practice with comparable patient outcome to the in-patient group. It is anticipated that this may assume increasing prominence in the scope of cleft lip management in many more centers in the developing world.
An analysis of skin cancer in albinos in ibadan
(2015) Ademola S.A.
Context: Skin cancers are common among albinos living in Africa. Deleterious effect of ultraviolet rays from sunlight and nearness to the equator places the African Albinos at risk for skin cancer. Aims: This study aims to present skin cancers in albinos as seen by a plastic surgeon, sensitize the public to the magnitude of dangers that albinos are exposed to, highlight the challenges faced in their management and suggest strategies for improved outcomes. Settings and Design: A retrospective review of skin cancers among albinos was conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods and Material: The charts, operation and cancer registry records of all albinos referred to a plastic surgery division over a ten year period was reviewed. Demographic data and relevant information relating to skin lesions were extracted. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive analysis was done with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: Nineteen patients with fifty nine skin lesions comprising 13 males and 6 females were reviewed. Mean age of the patients was 33.6 (SD 12.8) years, 50% were unmarried, over 90% were Christians and 44% were not employed. The lesions were on the face in 84.6% while scalp and neck lesions were present in 36.8 and 31.6% of patients respectively. In 73.7% of the patients, the lesions were advanced. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were of equal proportion. Conclusions: Albinos in Nigeria should be exposed to public health intervention to reduce the incidence of skin cancers through targeted public health educational programmes; structured multicenter and population based research, surveillance, and improved access to healthcare.
Anaesthesia considerations for the HIV positive parturient
(Association of Resident Doctors, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2009-06) Adesina, O.; Oladokun, A.
The HIV epidemic in children parallels that among women on account of perinatal transmission. A combination of antiretroviral therapy and elective caesarean section reduces the rate of vertical transmission to <2%. Elective caesarean section independent of antiretroviral therapy decreases the risk of HIV vertical transmission from mother to baby. However, a caesarean section is a major surgical intervention that has well-reported complications. Women infected with HIV have been reported to be more susceptible to such complications. The multi-organ nature of HIV poses challenges at the time of surgery and anesthesia. Preoperative evaluation will allow a good prediction for the perioperative risk of the HIV-patient. The anesthesiologist should be aware of the possible toxic side effects or the possible interaction of antiretroviral drugs with the anesthetics. Some of these adverse effects may mimic signs and symptoms of the HIV disease itself. Regional anesthesia has been shown to be associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients, including HIV positive parturients. Finally, the possibility of transmission in the health care setting highlights the need for anesthetists to enforce rigorous infection control policies to protect themselves, other health workers and their patients.
Anemia in pregnancy at two levels of health care in Ibadan, south west Nigeria
(Annals of African Medicine Society, 2011-12) Adesina, O.; Akinyemi, O.; Oladokun, A.
Background: In Africa, anemia in pregnancy contributes to non-attainment of the MDG goals 4 and 5. This study examined the prevalence and some risk factors for anemia at two levels of health care in the Ibadan metropolis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of the booking records of pregnant women at the University College Hospital (UCH, a profit-making tertiary institution) and Adeoyo Maternity Hospital (AMH, a secondary level institution offering free services) in Ibadan, September 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. Eligible women had singleton pregnancies and no known chronic illnesses. Anemia was defined as packed cell volume (PCV) <30%, and degrees of anemia as mild (PCV 27–29%), moderate (PCV 19–26%), and severe (PCV below 19%). Statistical analysis was done by the Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and t-test. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data from 2702 women (384 and 2318 from UCH and AMH, respectively) were available for analysis. About 30% of the women were anemic. The patients in UCH had higher mean PCV (33.03± 4.32 vs. 31. 04 ± 4.09, P = 0.00). A higher proportion of anemia was seen in patients presenting in Adeoyo (32.4% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.00). Factors associated with anemia included young age (P = 0.00), low parity (P = 0.00), and hospital type (P = 0.00). Parity and hospital type remained significant on logistic regression. Conclusion: Lower prevalence of anemia at the tertiary hospital maybe attributed to the higher socioeconomic status of the clientele. Short-term early antenatal management of anemia and long-term economic/educational empowerment is advocated.
Assessment of iron deficiency anaemia and its risk factors among adults with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
(2021) Raji, Y.R.; Ajayi, S.O.; Gbadegesin, B.A.; Bello, T.O.; Salako, B.L.
A substantial proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Despite the association of IDA with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, it remains underdiagnosed and poorly managed. Up to 70% of patients with CKD are anaemic at the time of initiating dialysis, while the predictors of IDA in these patients in our setting are unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for IDA in patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: This is a case–control study of 157 patients with CKD and 157 age and gender matched subjects without CKD. Information obtained from the participants were socio demographic details, aetiology of CKD, medication history and features of IDA. All participants had serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT), highly sensitive C reactive protein, serum creatinine and complete blood count determined. Results: The median estimated glomerular rate (22.7 [3.4–59.5] vs. 110.2 [60.3–152.8] ml/min/1.73 m2 , P < 0.01), the mean haemoglobin concentration (9.3 ± 2.6 vs. 11.4 ± 1.7 g/dl, P < 0.01), and TSAT (27.9% ± 6.4% vs. 34.8% ± 8.1%, P < 0.04) were significantly lower in patients with CKD. The mean age, serum ferritin and TIBC were similar in both groups. The prevalence of absolute (24.8% vs. 13.4%, P < 0.01) and relative (17.8% vs. 7.6%, P < 0.01) iron deficiencies were higher among individuals with CKD compared to the controls. Female gender (odd ratio [OR]:1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.0267–4.1163, P < 0.04) and severity of CKD (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 1.5568–7.8324, P < 0.02) were independently associated with IDA. Conclusion: IDA is common among individuals with CKD while female gender and severity of CKD were factors that independently predicted IDA
Assessment of risk factors for kidney disease in an unselected population of nigerians: a report of the routine screening conducted during the national kidney disease awareness and sensitizing programme.
(2006) Ulasi I.; Arogundade, F.A.; Aderibigbe, A.; Oviasu, E.; Akinsola, A.; Arije, A.; Ijoma, C.K.; Anteyi, E.A.; Ajayi, S.O.; Mamven, M.; Adeniyi A.B.; Mbah I.; Salako B.L.; Sanusi A.A.; Angbarzo I.; Kwaifa A.
To be able to define some risk factors for renal disease in an unselected population of Nigerians the Nigerian Association of Nephrology conducted a screening exercise during the National Kidney Disease Awareness and Sensitization Programme whose theme was “Renal Disease in Nigeria: Taming the Lion” which was held at the capital city of Abuja on the 9th of February 2006. A total of unselected 129 respondents who consented were screened. One hundred and nine (56 male and 72 female respondents) were analyzed and the others [2] could not be analyzed because of incomplete data. The mean age of respondents was 27.03 (±10.75) years and majority (89.1 %), were in age group 15 to 44 years with no sex preference. Most of the respondents had normal BMI, the mean being 23.32 (±4.52)mg/m2. More females than males were found to be obese (16% versus 4%), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.76). A relatively high percentage of respondents gave positive family history of hypertension (40%) as against 25% for diabetes mellitus. Only 5% of respondents gave positive history of renal disease. Use of nephrotoxic agents - medicated soap, native medication and herbal supplements/tea was found in 40%, 30% and 19% respectively. More than half of the studied population did not have routine medical check and about a third engaged in self medication. The prevalence of hypertension and proteinuria were 13.6% and 19% respectively. It is concluded from this study that the risk factors for development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high in the studied population and the level of awareness regarding need for routine medical check and appropriate attitude to health low. There is crying need for more intensive, aggressive and comprehensive education aimed at increasing the health seeking attitude of our population as well as establishment of preventive programmes against CKD in the country.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE TRAINING AND SERVICES OF COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION (CBD) WORKERS IN OYO STATE
(1985-08) ADEDOYIN, E. O. O.
The study attempted to assess the effectiveness of the Community Based Distribution (CBD) programme of low-cost Family Planning, Maternal and Child Health Services. This was established in 1979 by the Fertility Research Unit of the Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan in collaboration with Oyo State Ministry of Health the Pathfinder Fund of Boston; and the Centre for Population and Family, Columbia University both in the United States of America, The C.B.D., an innovative programme, consists of the training and utilization of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and Voluntary Health Workers (VHWs) to provide Primary Health Care to the door steps of the rural communities who live on the out-skirts of the main stream of sophisticated health technology. The pilot project site was Akinyele Local Government, a rural area, North of Ibadan with a population of 89,900. It was found that the programme was successful because within two years of its implementation, the population served increased from an initial 89,900 to 238,696 and the number of Zones from one to five. At the request of the Oyo State Ministry of Health officials, the project was extended to other Health Zones in Oyo State: Oyo, Oshun, Ife/ljesha Health Zones. The study assessed the training of the CBD workers with particular emphasis on the educational components of the training curriculum and also the educational activities of the CBD workers and their impact on their client community. The CBD training curriculum findings indicate that as designed presently, has enough contents which are relevant to the training objectives. However, it will be more useful, if it is developed into a standard training manual with clearly stated objectives, training methodologies and an evaluation instrument which will set an acceptable level of attainment for a trainee to qualify as a CBD worker. In relation to the application of the training, most of the CBD workers to a large extent were found to perform well on what they were taught to do - knowledge of educational tasks, performance of educational task and effectiveness of educational task. The response and support of the community members especially the clients, to the educational activities of the CBD workers was found to be positive. However, the CBD workers advocate that the government should re—introduce the monthly incentives because the CBD workers in carrying out their activities, incur tangible and intangible cost.
Assessment of tubal factor contribution to female infertility in a low resource setting (southwest Nigeria): hysterosalpingography vs laparoscopy
(2005) Okunlola, M. A.; Adebayo, O. J.; Odukogbe, A. A.; Morhason-Bello, I. O.; Owonikoko, K. M.
Association between depression and hypertension in the Ibadan Study of Ageing. African
(2020) Ajayi, S.O.; Oladeji, B.; Abiona, T.; Gureje, O.
Introduction: The elderly population is growing all over the world with attendant increase in occurrence of comorbid conditions. Using data from a longitudinal study of community-dwelling elderly persons in Nigeria, we explored the prevalence and corelates of hypertension and depression as well as the factors associated with the comorbidity of these two conditions. Methods: The Ibadan Study of Ageing, a longitudinal community-based cohort study conducted between 2003 and 2009 on the profile and determinants of successful ageing. A multistage cluster random sampling was used to select a cohort of elderly participants from across eight contiguous Yoruba speaking states in Nigeria- Ekiti, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo. Participants (non-institutionalized elderly, aged 65 years or over) were assessed at 4 time points: baseline(2003/2004) and annually from 2007 (wave 1), 2008 (wave 2 and 2009 (wave 3). Data was collected in face-to-face interviews; depression was assessed using the World Mental Health initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), social engagement was assessed using an adapted World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule WHODAS) and functional disability using activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Hypertension was defined according to the Joint National Committee-7(JNC7) recommendations as systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and above, diastolic blood pressure of 90mmHg. This current study is based on cross-sectional data from the wave 1(2007) assessment. Results: Of the 1597 participants, 58% were females and 42% were 70 years and older. The mean age was 74.2 years (SD ±7.8). Nine hundred and ninety-eight (62.5%) participants had hypertension while 177 (10.6%) met the criteria for major depression while comorbid depression and hypertension was present in 122 (7.1%). The comorbidity of hypertension and depression was significantly associated with gender (higher in women) (p=0.001), insomnia (p=0.001), lack of family participation (p=0.001), lack of community participation (p=0.002), and experiencing a negative life event in the past year (p=0.003). In a multivariate analysis, lack of participation in family activities was associated with an increased risk of co-morbidity between hypertension and depression (OR 4.51, p=0.000, CI 2.14-9.50). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the comorbidity of depression and hypertension could potentially be minimized by modifying social risk factors such as keeping the elderly involved in family and community life participation by promoting their involvement in recreational and volunteer activities as well as social gatherings.
Association between Perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and renal function in children with CKD enrolled in H3Africa kidney disease research network.
(2019) Sood, S.; Ojo, A.O.; Adu, D.; Kannan, K.; Ghassabian, A.; Koshy, T.; Vento, S.M.; Pehrson, L.J.; Gilbert, J.F.; Arogundade, F.A.; Ademola, A.D.; Salako, B.O.; Raji, Y.; Osafo, C.; Antwi, S.; Trachtman, H.; Trasande, L.