FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES

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Author: search.filters.author.Ajayi, I. O.

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    Breast and cervical cancers awareness and screening practices among rural women in Ona-ara Local government area, Ibadan, Nigeria
    (2013-05) Ajayi, I. O.; Onibokun, A. C.; Soyannwo, O. A.
    The level of awareness and screening practices for breast and cervical cancers among rural women was investigated. Three of the six rural wards in Ona-ara LGA were selected by balloting and the three largest communities in each of the wards were purposively selected for the study.Structured interview was conducted among 276 consenting women aged ≥18 years in the households. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Mean age of respondents was 36.5+12.6 years. Only 52(18.8%) and 11(4.0%) mentioned they knew something about breast and cervical cancers respectively. Knowledge of risk factors, cause and screening methods was poor irrespective of demographics. Only 15/52 (28.8%) and 3/52 (5.8%) who knew something about breast cancer mentioned clinical and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) respectively as screening methods for breast cancer. Half, 28/52 (53.8%) have ever practiced BSE and 9(17.3%) had clinical examination of the breast which was done as part of antenatal care or physical examination. The 24 respondents who did not examine their breasts mentioned they did not know they should (54.2%), don’t have problems with their breasts (54.3%), don’t know how to do it (37.5%) and think health workers should do it (33.3%). Only 4/11(36.4%) of those who knew something about cervical cancer mentioned vaginal examination for cervical cancer screening and only one (0.1%) respondent mentioned Pap smear. The poor level of awareness and screening practices for breast and cervical cancers among women in these rural communities emphasizes the need for community-based educational campaigns and provision of screening facilities in rural areas
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    Evaluation of paracheck - Pf™ rapid malaria diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria among HIV-positive patients in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria
    (Taylor and Francis, 2013) Falade, C. O.; Adesina-Adewole, B.; Dada-Adegbola, H. O.; Ajayi, I. O.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Ademowo, O. G.; Adewole, I. F.; Kanki, P.
    Febrile illnesses occur frequently among HIV positive patients and these are often treated presumptively as malaria in endemic areas. Parasite-based diagnosis of malaria will eliminate unnecessary treatment, reduce drug–drug interactions and the chances for the emergence of drug resistant Plasmodium. We evaluated finger prick blood samples from 387 people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and suspected of having malaria by expert microscopy and Paracheck-Pf TM – a histidine-rich protein-II based malaria rapid diagnostic test. The study was conducted at the PEPFAR supported AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) Clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Outcome parameters were prevalence of malaria parasitemia, sensitivity and specificity of Paracheck-Pf as well as the positive and negative predictive values for Paracheck-Pf using microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood film as gold standard. Malaria parasites were detected in 19.1% (74/387) of enrollees by microscopy and 19.3% (74/383) by Paracheck-Pf. Geometric mean parasite density was 501/µl (range 39–749 202/µl). Sensitivity and specificity of Paracheck-Pf at all parasite densities were 55.4% and 89.3% while corresponding figures at parasite densities ≥200/µl were 90.9% and 90.3%. Sensitivity and specificity at parasite densities ≥500/µl was 97.6% and 90.3%. Positive and negative predictive values for parasite density ≥200/µl were 55.4% and 98.7%, respectively. Paracheck-pf was found to be a useful malaria diagnostic tool at parasite densities ≥200/µl facilitating appropriate clinical management.