FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES
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Item Educational Empowerment of Women: A Major Tool in the Achievement of Millennium Development Goals of Reduction of Maternal and Child Mortality in Nigeria(The International Journal of Development Studies, 2007) Ndikom, C. M.Maternal and Child Mortality have remained issues of great concern in developing countries as effort to reduce them has not yielded much result. To achieve millennium development goals of reducing maternal and child mortality, issues of maternal education must he addressed. Educational empowerment enables women to utilize maternal health services, in order to maintain a healthy reproductive life and to bring up healthy children. This paper is based on findings from a study carried out in Akinyele local government in Oyo State. Nigeria. The study revealed that many of the women had low educational status and they utilized more of the services from the Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and church. Also educational status had association with utilization of Prenatal, Delivery, Postnatal and Family Planning services. Also, women with higher level of education were in better position to make independent decisions concerning their health and that of their children.Item Knowledge and Behaviour of Nurse/Midwives in the Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV in Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria. A Cross Sectional Study(Springer Science+Business Media, 2007) Ndikom, C. M.; Onibokun, A.Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the main mode of acquisition of HIV in children. Transmission of HIV may occur during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. Studies have shown that some specific interventions help to reduce the transmission of the virus to the baby. In order to target safe, rational and effective intervention to reduce MTCT of HIV, it is necessary to ensure that the nurse/midwife has knowledge of the strategies for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. Method: The cross-sectional design was utilized to determine the knowledge and behaviour of nurse/midwives in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The study sample consisted of 155 nurse/midwives drawn from three selected hospitals through stratified random sampling method. Official permission was obtained from the institutions and consent from participants. Data was collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Information sought included respondents' demographic characteristics, knowledge about and behaviour of prevention of vertical transmission as well as factors influencing behaviour. Results: Findings revealed that nurse/midwives had moderate level of knowledge with mean score of 51.4%. The mean score on behaviour was 52.5%, major factors that influence behaviour in these settings were mainly fear of getting infected, irregular supply of resources like gloves, goggles, sharp boxes, and water supply was not regular also. Hypotheses tested revealed that there is a positive relationship between knowledge and behaviour (r = 0.583, p = 0.00). Knowledge level of nurse/ midwives who had educational exposure was not different from those who did not (t = 1.439, p = 0.152). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of nurse/midwives who had experience in managing pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and those who did not (t = 2.142, p = 0.03). Also, there was a significant relationship between behaviour and availability of resources (r = 0.318, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study revealed that the nurse/midwives though moderately knowledgeable still had gaps in certain areas. Their behaviours were fairly appropriate. There is need for improved knowledge through structured educational intervention. Resources needed for practice should always be made available and the environment should be much more conducive for practice.Item Hypertension and chronic kidney disease(2007) Ajayi, S.O.; Harris, K.P.G.Item Predictors of mortality in paediatric burns at ibadan, Nigeria.(2007) Odeyinde S.O || Ademola S.A || Oluwatosin O.M.Patients and Methods: This was a prospective study of children aged 0-13 years, managed in the bums unit of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between January 2001 and September 2003. Results: There were 62 patients, 42 (67.7%) were females and 20 (32.3%) were males (Male: Female= 1:2. Their ages ranged between 1 month and 13 years (mean = 4.8 ± 3.8 years). Majority of the patients (56.5%) were below 4 years of age. Bum was caused predominantly by flame (57%), followed by inhalation injury in 43.5% of the patients. The percentage total burn surface area (%TBSA) ranged between 1 % and 95% (mean 29.7% ± 22.8%), and 41.4% of the patients sustained a major burn (TBSA=30%). Infective complications were present in 37% of patients. The overall mortality was 33.9%, and occurred in those patients with %TBSA of 14 95% (mean = 48.8%). Mortality rate was 62.9% among those that had inhalation injury compared with 11.4% in those without inhalation injury. There was no mortality in those patients whose %TBSAranged between 1 and 32% (mean = 17.5%). Conclusion: Percentage of the total body surface area burnt and the presence of inhalation injury were important predictors of mortality in childhood bums injury.Item Diabetes and surgery(2007) Ademola S.AItem Uterus bicornis unicollis; occurrence of consecutive viable pregnancies in separate horns(2007) Morhason-Bello, I. O.; Ojoko, I. E.; Owonikoko, K. M.; Olayemi, O.; Omigbodun, A.O.A case of two-consecutive viable pregnancies in separate horns of bicornuate unicollis uterus of a Nigerian is presented. The problem of misdiagnosis associated with the anomaly is noted. This case further demonstrates that women with such anomaly may not have unhindered reproductive carrier and antenatal care will improve their chanceItem Attitude and preferences of Nigerian antenatal women to social support during labour(Cambridge University Press, 2007) Morhason-Bello, I. O.; Olayemi, O.; Ojengbede, O.A.; Adedokun, B. O.; Okuyemi, O. O.; Orji, B.This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 224 randomly selected antenatal women receiving care at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The study aimed to seek the attitude and preferences of respondents about social support during childbirth and also identify variables that may influence their decisions. Seventy-five per cent of respondents desired companionship in labour. Approximately 86% preferred their husband as companion while 7% and 5% wanted their mother and siblings as support person respectively. Reasons for their desire for social support were emotional (80•2%), spiritual (17•9%), errands (8•6%) and physical activity (6•8%). Socio-demographic variables found to be statistically significant on logistic regression analysis for the desire of a companion in labour were nulliparity (OR 3•57, 95% CI 1•49–8•52), professionals (OR 3•11, 95% CI 1•22–7•94) and women of other ethnic groups besides Yoruba (OR 2•90, 95% CI 1•02–8•26), which is the predominant ethnic group in the study area. Only those with post-secondary education were found to want their husbands as doula (OR 2•96, 95% CI 1•08–8•11). More than half of the respondents wanted information about labour prior to their experience. It is important that Nigerian women are allowed the benefit of social support during childbirth, particularly as there is a lack of one-to-one nursing care and other critical services, including epidural analgesia in labour, at many of the health care facilities in Nigeria. Men could play a pivotal role in the process of introducing support in labour so as to improve the outcome for both the mother and her newbornItem Awareness and desirability of the Nigerian antenatal women about analgesia use during childbirth(2007-12) Oladokun, A.; Morhason-Bello, I.O.; Eyelade, O. R.; Adedokun, B. O.; Akinycmi, J O.; Adewole, I. F.Item Sexual behaviour and contraceptie usage of secondary school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria(2007-12) Oladokun, A.; Morhason-Bello, I.O.; Enakpene, C. A.; Owonikoko, K.M.; Akinyemi, J.O.; Obisesan, K.A.Objective To determine the prevalence and pattern of sexual activity as well as the contraceptive practices among the selected secondary school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the selected senior secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria, following a stratified multistage random sampling technique. Results There were 695 respondents out of which the females constituted 51% and the males were 49%. Less than one third (28.3%) of the respondents have had previous sexual exposure at the time of the study. The median age of sexual debut among the sexually exposed was 15 years in both the males and the females. Bivariate analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of respondents with previous sexual exposure showed that, sex, religion, father’s and mother’s educational background and level of class were statistically significant(P<0.001). Further analysis using logistic regression model revealed that male respondents were 3 times more likely than females (95% CI 1.92-4.56) to have had sexual experience while those whose mother had tertiary educational background were less likely to have had previous sexual experience compared to those with secondary and lower educational background (OR= 1.76, 95% CI 1.11- 2.77). Of all the sociodemographic characteristics of respondents considered with the age of sexual partners using bivariate analysis showed that only level of class was significant (P=0.018). Less than half of the sexually active males (44.2%) were using modern method (male condom) of contraception, while 54.4% of the sexually active females were using different types of modern methods. Conclusion It is quite obvious that risky sexual behaviors are in practice among the secondary school students studied and by extension in the country. It therefore means that reproductive health issues especially concerning the adolescents will have to be openly discussed by all with our youths while abstinence/chastity should be cherishedItem Oral misoprostol for the prevention of primary post-partum hemorrhage during third stage of labor(2007-12) Enakpene, C. A.; Morhason-Bello, I.O.; Enakpene, E. O.; Arowojolu, A. O.; Omigbodun, A. O.Aim: To assess the effectiveness of oral misoprostol compared with methylergometrine in the prevention of primary post-partum hemorrhage during the third stage of labor. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial of 864 singleton low-risk pregnant women. The outcomes were total blood loss, duration of the third stage of labor and peripartal change in hematocrit. Comparisons were by the c2-test and Student t-test. Relative risks were calculated for side-effects profile. A P-value of less than 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: The biodata of all the participants were similar. The mean blood loss for the misoprostol and methylergometrine groups was 191.6 _ 134.5 mL and 246.0 _ 175.5 mL, respectively (95% CI: -79.3 to -39.5 mL). The mean duration of the third stage of labor was 19.6 _ 2.4 min and 9.4 _ 3.3 min in the misoprostol and methylergometrine groups, respectively (95% CI: 9.82–10.58 min). More subjects had blood loss >500 mL, 42 (9.7%) versus 6 (1.4%), and peripartal hematocrit change greater than 10%, 38 (8.8%) versus 5 (1.2%), in the methylergometrine group than in the misoprostol group, respectively. Also, more subjects received additional oxytocic in the methylergometrine group, compared to the misoprostol group (80 [18.5%] versus 33 [7.6%] patients, respectively). Conclusions: Orally administered misoprostol was more effective in reducing blood loss during the third stage of labor than intramuscular methylergometrine. However, there were more subjects in the misoprostol group in whom duration of the third stage of labor was greater than 15 min and who also had manual placental removal than in the methylergometrine group