FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES
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Item Standing asymmetry and functional ability in relation to gait parameters in hemiparetic stroke patients(Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics & Orthotics and Rehabilitation Programmes, 2006) Hamzat, T. K.; Olaleye, O. A.; Adeniyi, A. F.; Awolola, E. O.Objective: Relationships between some temporospatial gait parameters and each of functional ability and standing asymmetry (measured as asymmetry ratio) in hemiparetic stroke patients were investigated. Design: Ex-post facto research design. Sample Size: Thirty-one (18 males and 13 females) patients with hemiparesis, aged between 35 and 65 years (56.97 ± 11.53) were consecutively recruited from the physiotherapy out-patient facility of a Nigerian teaching hospital. Measurements: Two weighing scales were used to measure relative standing weight distribution on each lower limb and subsequently converted to asymmetry ratio (AR), while functional ability was determined using the modified motor assessment scale. Gait parameters were assessed using foot print analysis, obtained during a 10-metre walk test. Pearson's correlation matrix (r) was calculated to establish relationship at 0.05 alpha. Results: Results showed a significantly negative correlation between asymmetry ratio and each of stride length, step length and functional ability (p<0.05). Significantly positive correlation was found between motor function and cach of stride length, step length, cadence, walking speed and step time (p<0.05) were obtained. Conclusion: The lesser the standing asymmetry in stroke patients, the better their motor functions and gait performance. Programmes aimed at enhancing weight bearing activities through the paretic lower limb, to attain standing symmetry, may be used to enhance functional ability and produce better gait functions in post-stroke patients.Item Injury Pattern of FIFA, CAF and UEFA Soccer Tournaments: A Retrospective Study of Selected 2002 Matches(South African Society of Physiotherapy, 2004) Hamzat, T. K.; Adeniyi, A. F.; Awolola, O. E.; Olaleye, O. A.This retrospective study was undertaken to detail the injuries sustained by players in the 2002 event of the Federation of International Football Association (FIFA) male senior world cup, Confederation of African Football (CAF) male nations' cup and Union of European Football Association (UEFA) clubs championship competitions. This was aimed at determining the frequency, causes, severity and treatment modalities of injuries sustained in selected matches at these three competitions. Twenty-four matches (eight from each tournament) were randomly selected from the pool of matches played. Video tape footage of the selected matches was reviewed to assess the possible cause and severity of injuries, parts of the body injured and different lines of injury management undertaken during these tournaments. The data are presented using frequency, percentages and means. A total of III injuries were recorded. CAF matches had the highest occurrence of soccer injuries (42.34%). The knee was the most commonly injured part of the body in each of the three competitions (FIFA-23.5%, CAF-14.9% and UEFA-20.0%). Ice-massage therapy was used extensively in the three tournaments. Knee injuries were most commonly caused by tackling attempts. Most of the injuries sustained were minor and the leading immediate therapeutic intervention was cryotherapy.Item Efficacy of Kraus-Weber Exercise Protocol in the Management of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain(Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics & Orthotics and Rehabilitation Programmes, 2003) Hamzat, T. K.; Awolola, E. O.; Adeniyi, A. F.; Olaleye, O.A.Objective: This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of Kraus-Weber exercises in the management of chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP). Design: The equivalent group experimental design was used in the study. Sample Size and Sampling Technique: Thirty volunteer participants with diagnosis of CMLBP took part in the study. The fish bowl technique of simple random sampling was used to assign subjects into either the experimental (Kraus-Weber) or control (non-Kraus-Weber) group. Interventions: Pain intensity, lumbar spine flexibility and functional abilities confidence level (FACL) were assessed before and after 6 weeks of treatment. Subjects in the experimental group were treated using Kraus-Weber exercise, heat therapy, massage and back care education. Subjects in the control group were also treated with heat therapy, massage and back care education excluding Kraus-Weber exercise. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Student t-test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rho). Significance was set at 0.05 alpha level. Results: Results obtained showed that there was no significant difference in the pre-treatment parameters of the two groups studied. There was significantly greater reduction in the post-6-weeks treatment pain intensity and significantly higher post-treatment functional abilities confidence level of the experimental than the control group subjects. Patient's abilities confidence level was found to increase as their pain intensity decreased. Conclusions: Kraus-Weber exercise is an effective tool in the management of CMLBP when combined with heat therapy, massage and back care education. Kraus-Weber exercise in addition to other modalities was therefore recommended in the management of CMLBP.Item Stroke Rehabilitation: When Should Ambulation Activities Commence?(Medical Rehabilitation Therapists (Registration) Board of Nigeria, 2002) Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.Stroke is an important cause of disability worldwide. It results in considerable impairments such as sensory, motor, mental, perceptual and language functions. The motor deficits are characterized by hemiplegia and attendant physical limitation. Independent walking function is a highly desired goal among stroke survivors. It is therefore not surprising that recovery from the illness is often measured using ambulation as yardstick by both the patients and their relatives. This strong desire for ambulation often leads to pressure on the attending physiotherapist to commence ambulation promptly. However, some factors need to be taken into consideration by the physiotherapists before commencing ambulation in stroke rehabilitation. This article looks into issues that should be addressed before training ambulation in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation.Item Health-Related Behaviour of Students of Federal College of Agriculture, Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan(Royal People Limited., 2004) Hamzat, T. K.; Okpeze, C. N.; Olaleye, O. A.The emphasis on health services is shifting from curative measures and hospital-based care to preventive behaviour that promotes health. This new approach involves every member of the society. A study of 132 students of the Federal College of Agriculture and Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan was carried out to investigate their health-related behaviour. Health related behaviours are steps taken to preserve one's own health and avoidance of detrimental behaviours. One hundred and eighteen (89.39%) of the students engage in sporting activities. Only 6.06%, 9.85%, 24.24% and 10.61% of the students smokers, drinks alcohol, drinks coffee and chews Kolanut respectively. Majority of the Students (78.03%) live a stress-free life. This result shows that only a few of the students exhibits negative health-related behaviour while the majority has positive-related behaviour. It was recommended that positive attitudes and healthy lifestyles should be encouraged among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria.Item Evidence based measures for reduction of maternal and child mortality in developing countries(MA Healthcare, 2009) Ndikom, C. M.; Fawole, A. O.Improving maternal and child health in developing countries are critical components of the millennium development goals. The indicators for measuring progress in most developing countries remain poor reflecting poor access to quality maternal and child health care among other factors. Cost-effective interventions to save women's and children's lives are known. Failure to implement these interventions contributes significantly to the poor health indices prevalent in developing countries. Initiatives for improving quality of maternal and child health care must incorporate affordable and cost-effective evidence-based treatment strategies that are applicable in developing countries.Item A Study of Anxiety on First Time Pregnant Women in Ibadan(The International Journal of Development Studies, 2008) Olanisimi, B. O.; Ndikom, C. M.As a result of previous studies that anxiety has deleterious effect on pregnancy, 146 primigradae were tested, on the modified Sarason s General Anxiety scale, at the ante-nata! clinics of the three biggest hospitals in Nigeria. The data generated was analyzed using simple frequency count and percentages. The result indicated that 81% of the primigravidae, representing about 109 of the subjects, were anxious. Similar result was obtained far young, elderly, educated, uneducated and subjects in their second and third trimesters. The counselling implication of the findings includes the need to provide young women with basic childbirth information and counselling before and during pregnancy. Added to this is the need to subject every pregnant woman, who comes far ante-natal clinic, to anxiety test so that remedial action could be taken on those who were found to have anxietyItem Educational Empowerment of Women: A Major Tool in the Achievement of Millennium Development Goals of Reduction of Maternal and Child Mortality in Nigeria(The International Journal of Development Studies, 2007) Ndikom, C. M.Maternal and Child Mortality have remained issues of great concern in developing countries as effort to reduce them has not yielded much result. To achieve millennium development goals of reducing maternal and child mortality, issues of maternal education must he addressed. Educational empowerment enables women to utilize maternal health services, in order to maintain a healthy reproductive life and to bring up healthy children. This paper is based on findings from a study carried out in Akinyele local government in Oyo State. Nigeria. The study revealed that many of the women had low educational status and they utilized more of the services from the Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and church. Also educational status had association with utilization of Prenatal, Delivery, Postnatal and Family Planning services. Also, women with higher level of education were in better position to make independent decisions concerning their health and that of their children.Item Knowledge and Behaviour of Nurse/Midwives in the Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HIV in Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria. A Cross Sectional Study(Springer Science+Business Media, 2007) Ndikom, C. M.; Onibokun, A.Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the main mode of acquisition of HIV in children. Transmission of HIV may occur during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. Studies have shown that some specific interventions help to reduce the transmission of the virus to the baby. In order to target safe, rational and effective intervention to reduce MTCT of HIV, it is necessary to ensure that the nurse/midwife has knowledge of the strategies for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. Method: The cross-sectional design was utilized to determine the knowledge and behaviour of nurse/midwives in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The study sample consisted of 155 nurse/midwives drawn from three selected hospitals through stratified random sampling method. Official permission was obtained from the institutions and consent from participants. Data was collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Information sought included respondents' demographic characteristics, knowledge about and behaviour of prevention of vertical transmission as well as factors influencing behaviour. Results: Findings revealed that nurse/midwives had moderate level of knowledge with mean score of 51.4%. The mean score on behaviour was 52.5%, major factors that influence behaviour in these settings were mainly fear of getting infected, irregular supply of resources like gloves, goggles, sharp boxes, and water supply was not regular also. Hypotheses tested revealed that there is a positive relationship between knowledge and behaviour (r = 0.583, p = 0.00). Knowledge level of nurse/ midwives who had educational exposure was not different from those who did not (t = 1.439, p = 0.152). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of nurse/midwives who had experience in managing pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and those who did not (t = 2.142, p = 0.03). Also, there was a significant relationship between behaviour and availability of resources (r = 0.318, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study revealed that the nurse/midwives though moderately knowledgeable still had gaps in certain areas. Their behaviours were fairly appropriate. There is need for improved knowledge through structured educational intervention. Resources needed for practice should always be made available and the environment should be much more conducive for practice.Item Primary Nursing: an Emerging approach for Nursing Care Delivery In Nigeria(University Press PLC, 2009) Ndikom, C. M.Health care delivery system has evolved over time as a result of changes in the economy and increasing consumer awareness. This has resulted in many health professions trying various frameworks for delivery of care to ensure cost effective care and consumer satisfaction. Nursing has tried various frameworks of care delivery ranging from task oriented, team nursing, case nursing, Primary nursing etc. Each institution uses the method that is suitable and easily implemented. Of all the methods, primary nursing is the one that seems quite promising in the drive to achieve the goal of providing quality care and client satisfaction. Primary nursing is defined as a management system in which the professional nurse assumes full responsibility for total patient care for a small number of clients. It is seen as a way of thinking and working with patients that challenges out dated traditional nursing hierarchies and support the way forward for professional nursing. Its advantages include consistency and continuity of care, client satisfaction, increased professional autonomy, job satisfaction and improvement in quality of nursing care. The disadvantages are difficulty in implementation, which could result from not having enough adequately prepared nurses who are ready to take up the responsibility Primary nursing framework is yet to be tried and implemented in most hospitals in Nigeria. It has been tried and found suitable where it was tested but it is yet to be embraced by nurses generally in Nigeria. It is emerging in Nigeria, and there is need to increase awareness about this framework so that it can be further explored as it is quite promising in moving nursing forward as it ensures professional autonomy, accountability and job satisfaction for nurses. In conclusion, since this model is a way of moving the profession forward and improving client care, there is need to carry out objective analysis and put modalities in place for the implementation of this model to ensure client satisfaction and job satisfaction as well as professional growth.