FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES
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Item Common forms of strabismus in a tertiary eye clinic in Southwest Nigeria(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2019-12) Olusanya, B. A.; Ugalahi, M. O.; Ayeni, O.; Fawole, O. I.; Baiyeroju, A. M.Background: Strabismus occurs worldwide and is associated with undesirable psychosocial impact and negative social prejudice. However, there is a dearth of information on the different subtypes of strabismus in Nigerian patients. The aim of this study is to describe the common forms of strabismus among patients of an eye clinic in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all new patients seen at the eye clinic of our hospital between January 1999 and December 2008. Patients with a diagnosis of strabismus were identified from the clinic registers and their case records were reviewed. Information on age, gender, cause, and type of squint as well as associated ocular/systemic disease was retrieved from the case records. Results: A total of 240 patients had strabismus, giving a relative frequency of 1.2%. Mean age of patients with strabismus was 19.8 (±19.7) years while male-to-female ratio was 0.98:1. Esotropia (53.8%) was more common than exotropia (44.2%). The mean age of patients with esotropia was 12.8 years compared with 27.9 years for patients with exotropia (P < 0.001). Sensory strabismus was the most common form of strabismus, occurring in 83 (34.5%) patients, while accommodative esotropia was found in only 5.8% patients. Conclusion: The relative frequency of strabismus in this study is fairly similar to other reports from Nigeria and Africa. Secondary strabismus was quite common whereas primary forms of strabismus such as accommodative esotropia appear to occur less frequently among our patients in comparison to Caucasian populations.Item Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive subjects in abuja, Nigeria(2012) Ojji D.B.; Ajayi, S.O.; Mamven, M.H.; Alabi P.Background: It is well known that factors like high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity and hyperuricemia tend to cluster together giving rise to what is called metabolic syndrome. In spite of the high prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria, there is a dearth of data describing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nigerian hypertensive patients. We therefore set out to look at the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients presenting to the cardiology clinic of a tertiary institution in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: Metabolic syndrome was defined in patients according to the World Health Organisation’s definition. Results: Of the 362 patients studied, 56.9% were male and 43.1% were female. The mean age was 51.80 6 11.63 years, mean duration of hypertension was 8.90 6 3.95 years, mean body mass index was 29.36 6 6.12 kg/m2 and mean arterial blood pressure was 110.28 6 18.17 mm Hg. Overall, 13.0% of the study population had metabolic syndrome; 16.7% of females and 10.2% of males. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive patients in Abuja, Nigeria is comparable to rates observed in some general populations in Europe. This might imply the epidemiological transition in disease pattern already being experienced in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa.Item Asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV positive pregnant women(2010) Awolude, O. A.; Adesina, O. A.; Oladokun, A.; Mutiu, W. B.; Adewole, I. F.The prognostic significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria resides in the observation that the prevalence is, relatively, high in persons with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. This prevalence might, even, be higher in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hence, this study set out to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among symptom free and newly enrolled HIV infected pregnant women attending PMTCT unit of Antiretroviral Clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 1st May and 30th September 2007. Information was obtained on the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, CD4 count and viral load. Microbial culture was carried out on aseptically collected urines from the patients. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 12 package. There were 161 analyzable samples from the participants. The mean age and gestational age at presentation of participants was 30.49 ± 4.3 years and 27.3 ± 3.2 weeks, respectively with modal parity of 2. Twenty-five (15.5%) of the urine samples significantly grew bacteria. The CD4 cells were significantly lower and the viral loads significantly higher (250.52 vs. 355.57 cells/mm3; 88,731 vs. 55,384 copies/ml; p = <0.0000) for the urine culture positive patients. Eshcherichia coli were isolated in 48%, Proteus in 16.0%, Klebsiella in 8.0% and Staphylococcus aureus in 28.0% of the urine positive cultures. The study showed that the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among PLWHAs is high. The microbial isolate from the urine samples were not different from those of HIV-negative patients.Item Prevalence and pattern of violence in pregnancy in Ibadan, South-west, Nigeria(Taylor and Francis, 2011) Adesina, O.; Oyugbo, I.; Oladokun, A.Violence against women is embedded in most cultures with pregnancy associated with higher rates. This study assessed the pattern of violence in pregnancy in two maternity centres in Ibadan, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study of antenatal clinic attendees, between 1 and 31 March, 2007 at the University College Hospital (UCH) and the Adeoyo Maternity (AMH). By systematic random sampling, 404 women were interviewed. Analysis was done by means, x(2)-test (at 5% level of significance) and logistic regression. At UCH and AMH, 156 (38.7%) and 248 (61.3%) were studied, respectively. The prevalence of abuse was 17.1% (69 women). The perpetrator was most often an intimate partner (48, 66.1%). The commonest act of violence was a threat of abuse (23, 33.3%). The most frequent reason for the abuse was demand for money. Women in polygamous unions (p=0.035), attending Adeoyo hospital (p=0.00) or with secondary school or less education (p=0.004) had higher levels of abuse. Regression analysis revealed women attending AMH were 3.6 times more likely to be abused (95% CI for OR=1.69–7.81). Violence is not uncommon in this population. Education and employment may reduce these acts.Item Routine antenatal syphilis screening In South West Nigeria- a questionable practice(Association of Resident Doctors, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2010-06) Adesina, O.; Oladokun, A.Backgroud: Untreated maternal syphilis is strongly associated with adverse birth outcomes, especially in women with high titre syphilis. The WHO recommends routine serological screening in pregnancy. Some workers have advised a reappraisal of this practice, having demonstrated low sero-prevalence in their antenatal population. In view of this, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of syphilis in the antenatal population presenting at a major hospital in south-west Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of healthy pregnant Nigerian women attending Adeoyo Maternity Hospital in the capital of Oyo State. The case record of every pregnant woman presenting for their first antenatal clinic visit over a 4-month period (September 1st to December 31st 2006) was reviewed. Results: During the study period, two thousand six hundred and seventy-eight women sought antenatal care. Three hundred and sixty-nine women (369; 13.4%) had incomplete records and were excluded from analysis. The records of the 2,318(86.6%) women with adequate records were subsequently reviewed. The mean age of the women was 27.4 years (± 5.34) and the mean gestational age 26.4 weeks (±6.36). The modal parity was 0. Only three patients were found to be reactive for syphilis giving a prevalence of 0.13%. Conclusion: The sero- prevalence value in this study is quite low and may justify the call to discontinue routine antenatal syphilis screening. However, a more rigorous screening program using diagnostic tests with higher sensitivity maybe necessary before jettisoning this traditional aspect of antenatal care.Item Asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV positive pregnant women(Taylor and Francis, 2010-06) Awolude, O. A.; Adesina, O. A.; Oladokun, A.; Mutiu, W. B.; Adewole, I. F.The prognostic significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria resides in the observation that the prevalence is, relatively, high in persons with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. This prevalence might, even, be higher in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hence, this study set out to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among symptom free and newly enrolled HIV infected pregnant women attending PMTCT unit of Antiretroviral Clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 1st May and 30th September 2007. Information was obtained on the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, CD4 count and viral load. Microbial culture was carried out on aseptically collected urines from the patients. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 12 package. There were 161 analyzable samples from the participants. The mean age and gestational age at presentation of participants was 30.49 ± 4.3 years and 27.3 ± 3.2 weeks, respectively with modal parity of 2. Twenty-five (15.5%) of the urine samples significantly grew bacteria. The CD4 cells were significantly lower and the viral loads significantly higher (250.52 vs. 355.57 cells/mm3; 88,731 vs. 55,384 copies/ml; p = <0.0000) for the urine culture positive patients. Eshcherichia coli were isolated in 48%, Proteus in 16.0%, Klebsiella in 8.0% and Staphylococcus aureus in 28.0% of the urine positive cultures. The study showed that the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among PLWHAs is high. The microbial isolate from the urine samples were not different from those of HIV-negative patients.