FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY

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3-D geometric modeling for finite element analysis using MATLAB® C programming
(2012) Eyere, E.; Oluwole, O.
Most finite element analysts in Nigeria develop own codes for their analysis due to inability to purchase commercial finite element analysis software packages that come with GUI geometric modelers and difficulty in managing coordinate data from imported CAD files. General purpose computer-aided design software packages are good drafting tools but do not have imbedded facilities to carry out finite element analyses of descretized (mesh) models. This paper demostrates how MATLAB® programming language can be used to generate 3-D geometric models suitable for finite element anaylsis. In this work, model of a water storage tanker was drawn using AutoCAD®, and then the same model was generated using MATLAB®. The results showed that MATLAB® can be used to obtain meshed and surface model suitable for finite element analysis.
Accurate safty zone detemination during gas flaring
(Medwell Journals, 2009) Ismail, O. S.; Fagbenla, R. O.
Gas flaring, a long-established but unacceptable practice in the Nigerian Petroleum industry, has deleterious effects on the environment. Research efforts have concentrated on using empirical formulae derived from experiments in predicting heat fluxes around a gas flare. However numerical method, which is capable of eliminating the severe inaccuracies in calculation from empirical formulae, is yet to be explored. The flare was considered as a three-dimensional turbulent jet issuing into a continuous cross flow of air. The momentum and scalar fluxes were approximated by the k-ε turbulence model and the resultant conservation equations were solved using the finite volume technique. The laminar flamelet concept was used to characterize the local thermochemical state of the combusting mixture, while the discrete transfer method was used to compute the radiative heat flux. A model for an accurate prediction of the heat flux at any point within the vicinity of a gas flare was developed. Thermal radiation profiles predicted at ground level exhibited Gaussian behaviour. Deviation of the predicted flux result at ground level estimated by the empirical formulae were between 15.0 and 35.0%. Based on the existing standard for maximum allowable radiation flux of 6.3 kW m-2, the model minimum safest distance from the flare was 1.1 m, whilst the empirical formulae gave minimum safest distances ranging between 0.8 and 1.4 m. This model had superior prediction capabilities than the existing empirical formulae. Safe distances could be deduced from heat flux standpoint for both humans and habitat using the model.
Activated carbon from agricultural waste: process description and economic analysis
(2009) Oiogun, O. O.; Oyekeye, O. M.; Odesola, I. F.
Adsorption refrigeration technology has been intensively investigated in many countries of the world because of its promising potential for competing with conventional vapour compression refrigeration, its relatively low operating cost and its environmental friendliness. The search for a good adsorbent for solar powered refrigeration technology has led to various attempts to manufacture activated carbon of high adsorptive property. In this study coconut shells plus 10% animal bones, agricultural wastes, were used as basic raw materials for the local production of activated carbons. The properties determined were the particle size diameter, iodine no, hardness no, bulk density, and tamped density of the activated carbon samples. The results for the coconut shells only of mesh size 14 and maximum particle size of 2.36mm are: iodine no, 906.68mg/g, hardness no, 1, bulk density, 0.504g/ml, tamped density, 0.562g/ml and ash content, 0.012%; while that of the coconut shells with 10% bones of mesh size 14 and maximum particle size of 2.36mm are: iodine no, 870.51mg/g, hardness no, 1, bulk density, 0.585g/ml, tamped density, 0.604g/ml and ash content, 0.06%. In comparison with the imported activated carbons these can be classified as medium grade carbons, This work has established the fact that activated carbons, the principal component for solar powered refrigeration technology can be locally sourced without compromising standards.
Activated carbon production from wastes: profitability index and product cost reduction method
(2010) Odesola, I. F.; Daramola, N. O.
A previous paper on developing a national capability for the manufacture of activated carbon from agricultural waste by the same authors was considered. In the said paper, the process flow diagram for the manufacture of Granular Activated Carbon from three agricultural wastes namely coconut shell, oil-palm shells and sugarcane bagasse was provided and the plant’s economic analysis done. The objectives of this study were to investigate selling price reducing options and profitability of the investment discussed. In the study, the profitability indexes for the overall plant projects for the three plants were found. The effect of equipment cost reduction on the total productive cost was also examined. For the steam activation of coconut shell, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost was found reduce the corresponding Product cost geometrically by values ranging from 2.44-1.22% for ten successive reductions. The profitability index was between 0.057 and 4.07% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. The steam activation of sugarcane bagasse was different, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost reduce the corresponding Product cost also geometrically by values ranging from 2.85-3.69% (increasing with each reduction) also for 10 successive reductions. The profitability index was between 0.09 and 3.7% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. And for the phosphoric activation of oil-palm shell, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost was found reduce the corresponding Product cost geometrically by values ranging from 4.58-2.88% (decreasing with each reduction as in steam activation of coconut shells). The profitability index was between -1.08 and 2.12% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. In addition, an excel software to simulate the economic analysis previously done and output the key costs after the simulation.
Adaptation of Ushafa clay, Abuja, as a suitable replacement for bentonite in the foundry industry
(2008) Atanda, P. O.; Oluwole, O. O.; Ogale, O. T.
This work investigated the possible use of Ushafa clay in Abuja, Nigeria as a suitable replacement for bentonite clay in foundry use. Moulding sand mixes with compositions of 8,10 and 13%. Ushafa clay, silica sand and 5,7,8,9,10 and 11% coal dust additives were mulled. From each mix, cylindrical specimens were prepared and subjected to permeability, shatter index, compression and shear strength tests . The results from the Ushafa mix were compared with results from bentonite mixes. The results showed that moulding sand compositions having 13%. Ushafa clay, and coal dust additions of 8% produced specimens with good permeability, dry strength, green strength and collapsibility for foundry use. This work has confirmed the possible use of Ushafa clay as suitable replacement for bentonite binder in foundry
Adsorption isotherms and heat of sorption of fresh and preosmosed oven-dried bananas
(WFL Publisher, 2005) Falade, K. O.; Awoyele, O. O.
"Three banana varieties (Omini Red, Cavendish and Cooking banana) were transversely cut into 10 mm slices, pretreated in sucrose solution of 52, 60 and 68°B and maintained at 25°C for 12 hours. Both fresh and preosmosed banana slices were subsequently oven-dried at 60°C for 72 hours. Adsorption isotherms of fresh and preosmosed oven-dried banana slices were determined at 20 and 40°C using gravimetric–static method. Suitability of eight sorption models in describing the adsorption data was tested. Moreover, isosteric heat of sorption of both fresh and preosmosed oven-dried bananas was determined using Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Adsorption isotherms of fresh and preosmosed oven-dried banana slices gave type I (J–shaped) isotherms. Isotherms were affected by temperature and pretreatment sucrose solution concentration. Crossing of isotherms occurred at aw~0.55-0.70. Among the eight models, tested, Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model gave the best fit. Calculated GAB monolayer moisture (Mm) content (9.80–20.8% d.b.) decreased with increase in temperature. Generally GAB Mm content increased with increase in total solids (%) content of preosmosed banana slices. Isosteric heat of sorption increased with decreased moisture content in banana slices. "
Advancing industrial engineering in Nigeria through teaching, research and innovation
(Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, 2020) Oluleye, A. E.; Oladokun, V. O.; Akanbi, O. G.
Agricultural engineering education in Nigeria
(CIGR Journals, 2005-08) Mijinyawa, Y.
Early agricultural engineering services required on Nigerian farms were provided by civil engineers and agronomists some of who later retrained to form the first crops of Nigerian agricultural engineers. Agricultural engineering training was substantially done overseas until about the early 1960s when local opportunities started to be available. Agricultural engineering education started with training in farm mechanization laying emphasis on tractorization in the colleges of agriculture and polytechnics, and later expanded to cover all aspects of agricultural engineering. Agricultural engineering education in Nigeria is offered by the universities, polytechnics and colleges of agriculture. Ownership and funding of tertiary institutions include the federal and state governments, private individuals and religious organizations. Quality assurance is achieved through setting of minimum academic standards and occasional programme accreditations by the Nigerian universities commission, the national board for technical education and the council for the regulation of engineering in Nigeria. Agricultural engineers are engaged in virtually all sectors of the economy. This paper discuses the historical development of agricultural engineering education in Nigeria highlighting the entry requirements, training and regulations, professional bodies and the sectors where the products are making their contributions towards the national development. It concludes by calling on all stake holders to understand and appreciate the role of the profession in national development and give it the desired support.
Aircraft Disasters- roles of materials
(2009) Asafa, T. B.; Durowoju, M. O.; Ismail, O. S.
Aircraft disaster has been in existence since air was conquered by man as a means of transportation. 487.5 million and 874.4 millions of cumulative departures and flight hours respectively have been estimated since 1959. Analysis of aircraft failure based on 5,149 on-board fatalities recorded shows that 13% of total aircraft accident was caused by mechanical failure while loss of control was responsible for over 31% of onboard fatalities. Aircraft accident is known to be most fatal during take-off and landing phase contributing about 49% while onboard fatality during cruise is about 19%. In this work, reviews of aircraft disasters were made via Fractographic examination, SEM and finite element modeling. It must be stated that few of aircraft failures which are not material related are not considered in this review. The review focused on material related failure which have been analyzed, accepted and published in reputable journals.
An algorithm for job scheduling in 2 - machine flow shop problem
(2009) Odior, A. O.; Oyawale, F. A.
This paper considers the problem of scheduling in flow-shop by Johnson's Algorithm method and Genetic Algorithm method to find an optimal sequence for n jobs machine problem based on minimum elapsed time. In scheduling the two machine flow shop problem F2||∑C1, one has to determine a schedule that minimizes the sum of finishing times of an arbitrary number of jobs that need to be executed on two machines, such that each job must complete processing on machine 1 before starting on machine 2. We propose a heuristic for approximating the solution for the F2||∑C1 problem using a genetic algorithm.
Aluminium anode activation research- a review
(2012) Idusuyi, N.; Oluwole, O. O.
The aim of this paper is to review aluminum anode formulation and activating elements till date and discuss the possibility of further work based on recent trends in the use of nano or agro based materials. The performance of aluminum anodes is largely dependent on alloy composition and a good understanding of the relationships between the metallurgy and the anodic response of the alloys. Recent researches show that microalloying aluminum anodes with certain metallic composite oxides can significantly improve anode life and reduce costs. Suggestions for further work are also presented.
Analyses and modeling of laminar flow in pipes using numerical approach
(Scientific Research, 2012) Ismail, O. S.; Adewoye, G.T
This paper investigate some important works done on numerical analysis and modeling of laminar flow in pipes.This review is focused on some methods of approach and the analytical tools used in analyzing of the important parameters to be considered in laminar flow; such as frictional losses, heat transfer etc. in laminar flow in pipes of different shapes, and the importance of laminar flow in its areas of applications. Prominent researchers have approached this from different perspectives. Some carried out analysis on the pressure drop as a function of permeability, some worked on friction factor analysis, some discussed heat transfer effects of laminar flow in the entrance region, while some discussed its applications in various industries. Some of these works were done considering a given form of pipe configuration or shape which is circular pipes. Only a few, of the literature reviewed have related their considerations to different forms of pipes. Most consider pipes to be majorly circular in shape, but in industries today some circular pipes have become elliptical in shape due to long time usage of the pipes, which would have contributed to increase in some different forms of losses in the industries. In engineering, efficiency and effectiveness improvement is the major goal, if a research work has been done, considering the important parameters in laminar flow showing their effects on different forms of pipe configuration as a result of pipe deformation due to usage, huge amount of money will be saved. This will show clearly how the efficiency of a given circular pipe has seriously been affected due to deformation, and the level of loss this has resulted to.
Analysis of climatic factors for the selection of greenhouse glazing materials in Ilorin, Nigeria
(The Nigerian institution of Agricultural Engineers, 2011) Mijinyawa, Y.; Ajayi, S. A.
The effect of climate change in recent times has necessitated the need for a controlled environment for the cultivation of many crops which were hitherto cultivated under natural tropical condition. An appropriate method of accomplishing this is through the use of greenhouses which modify the environment to produce a micro-climate suitable for optimum plant growth. The successful use of greenhouses depends on the choice of appropriate glazing material. Tomatoes are precious crop demanded all year round but the production of which is being reduced by the effect of climate change. Desirous to increase the level of production, the study attempts to identify appropriate glazing material for greenhouse: for the production of tomatoes in Ilorin, Nigeria. Climatological data were collected from the Ilorin International Airport and analyzed in order to identify appropriate - covering materials for the development of greenhouse structures in Ilorin. Double layer polyethylene and white corrugated polyvinylchloride were the two glazing materials that have the lowest inner surface temperatures arid also satisfy the condition of heat load. To derive the maximum benefits of greenhouses, in addition to using these materials, Proper ventilation and shading of the greenhouses are recommended.
Analysis of filtration properties of locally sourced base oil for the formulation of oil based drilling mud
(2014) Akintola, S.; Oriji, A. B.; Momodu, M.
Oil based drilling fluids are mixtures of clays, oil and other chemical additives suspended or dissolved such as solids and polymers. The environmental problems associated with oil-based drilling fluids are among the major concerns in the petroleum industry leading to increasing stringent regulations to ensure its environmental friendliness. This study examines the use of locally sourced oil like, groundnut oil, melon oil, vegetable oil, soya oil and palm oil as substitute for diesel oil in formulating oil base drilling fluids relative to filtration properties. The filtrate volumes of each of the oils were obtained for filtration control analysis. With increasing potash and industrial starch quantities during formulation, all the local oils had their filtration properties (filtrate volume and mud cake thickness) tending towards that of diesel oil at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. When temperature was increased to 70˚C and above, the filtration abilities of all the local oil reduced and degraded due to the flocculation of the clay suspension. The drilling fluids formulated with the local oil where restored by the addition of thinner and organic polymer which significantly stabilized the clay suspension. The polymer and the thinner clearly improved the filtration properties of the locally formulated oil based drilling fluids even when subjected at high temperature, The ranking from the results showing the order of better and effective filtration properties for the local oils are as shown; Melon Oil; Vegetable Oil; Groundnut Oil; Soya Bean Oil and Palm oil.
An analysis of formation damage during the drilling of deviated wells
(Taylor and Francis, 2013) Akinsete, O. O.; Isehunwa, S. O.
Filtrate losses and filter cake properties of drilling fluids are of concern in the oil industry because they alter near well bore permeability and can reduce well productivity. Therefore, it is desirable to accurately characterize filtration process during oil well drilling. A mathematical model for analyzing mud filtration in deviated wells was developed in this study. The model determined solid pressure distribution within cake, cake thickness, cumulative volume of filtrate and extent of invasion under different conditions. Results show assumptions of isotropy in previous studies greatly overestimate the magnitude of the damage. It was also confirmed that mud filtration tend to be higher in deviated than in vertical wells. The model was validated with experimental data.
Analysis of mud filtration properties using factorial design
(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995) Isehunwa, S. O.; Orji, H. I.
Determining the filtration properties of a mud system requires that experiments be run for both the standard API and the high Temperature High Pressure (HTHP) tests at intervals throughout the duration of drilling an oil well. However, cost and hazard considerations cause more emphasis to be placed on the standard API test at ambient conditions, without taking into account the effects of elevated downhole pressures and temperatures on filtration properties. In this work, the factorial design concept was applied to the filtration properties of drilling muds. Different samples of water based bentonitic muds were used for the experimental runs at both Low Temperature - Low pressure (LTLP) and high Temperature - High Pressure (HTHP) conditions. The input variables considered were temperature, pressure, solids content, mud weight and time; while the response variables were fluid loss and cake thickness. The final results are presented in the form of a statistically significant model that enables prediction of filtration properties at both LTLP and HTHP conditions. This method minimizes the inherent risks usually associated with operating filter presses at elevated pressures and temperatures. In addition, it saves time and cost by minimizing the number of experimental runs always required to assess mud quality and maximizes the information obtained from the few experimental runs. This experimental design technique can also be applied to the quality assessment and control of other drilling fluid properties.
ANALYSIS OF PRE-CAST WAFFLE SLABS USING YIELD LINE AND RANKINE GRASHOFF THEORIES
(2012-09) AKINYELE, J. O.
Failure in pre-cast waffle slabs can be attributed to factors like analytical error, poor handling during transportation and placement which factors often lead to partial/total failure of slabs. The conventional method of analysing waffle slabs focuses on the ribs, while the slab portions at the top are avoided. This has led to under reinforcement and subsequent failure of the slab portions that are usually in direct contact with loads. In this study, a method that incorporates both the slab and rib portions in the analysis of pre-cast waffle slabs was therefore developed. Yield Line and Rankine Grashoff Theories (YLRGT) were combined for the analysis of pre-cast waffle slab. Six physical models of waffle slab were developed, each having five replicates, with the following dimensions: W1 (1353 x 430 x 58 mm), W2 (900 x 300 x 50 mm), W3 (1085 x 430 x 58 mm), W4 (407 x 364 x 50 mm), W5 (1312 x 300 x 58 mm) and W6 (860 x 360 x 50mm). Solid slabs of the same size and number designated S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 served as control. These models were validated using the slabs by testing for failure loads, deflections and crack width. Each slab was subjected to incremental load of 1.0 kN until failure occurred. Maximum bending moments were obtained for slab and rib portions using YLRGT, a finite element based method called ETABS was also used to analyse the slabs and results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA at p= 0.05. The YLRGT analysis of the various physical models (slab portion, transverse and longitudinal ribs) yielded the following bending moments: W1 (5526.0, 34.5, 918.3) Nm, W2 (1122.0, 279.2, 36.5) Nm, W3 (2880.0, 27.2, 619.9) Nm, W4 (590.0, 171.9, 160.9) Nm, W5 (947.0, 37.0, 4.4) Nm and W6 (1276.0, 90.4, 36.2) Nm respectively. The ETABS combined both slab and ribs giving W1 (4729.0) Nm, W2 (581.0) Nm, W3 (3338.0) Nm, W4 (733.0) Nm, W5 (851.0) Nm and W6 (686.0) Nm. Deflections at failure for waffle slab were smaller compared to solid slabs: (W1 = 1.19 and S1 =3.56) mm, (W2 = 3.64 and S2 =9.28) mm, (W3 = 3.90 and S3 =7.44) mm, (W5 = 8.17 and S5 =12.18) mm, (W6 = 3.29 and S6 =3.89) mm with the exception of W4 (6.60 mm) and S4 (6.44mm), where deflection of waffle slab was higher than that of solid slab. Mean deflection of S1 was significantly higher than W1, while S2 was significantly higher than W2. Average crack width for waffle (0.48 mm) and solid slabs (0.99 mm) were significantly different. High crack width in solid slab indicated lower shear strength. The Yield Line and Rankine Grashoff Theories have facilitated the accurate analysis of pre-cast waffle slabs by separating the slab and rib portions.
ANALYSIS OF PRE-CAST WAFFLE SLABS USING YIELD LINE AND RANKINE GASHOFF THEORIES
(2012-09) AKINYELE, J.o
Failure in pre-cast waffle slabs can be attributed to factors like analytical error, poor handling during transportation and placement which factors often lead to partial/total failure of slabs. The conventional method of analyzing waffle slabs focuses on the ribs, while the slab portions at the top are avoided. This has led to under reinforcement and subsequent failure of the slab portions that are usually in direct contact with loads. In this study, a method that incorporates both the slab and rib portions in the analysis of pre-cast waffle slabs was therefore developed. Yield Line and Rankine Grashoff Theories (YLRGT) were combined for the analysis of pre-cast waffle slab. Six physical models of waffle slab were developed, each having five replicates, with the following dimensions: W1 (1353 x 430 x 58 mm), W2 (900 x 300 x 50 mm), W3 (1085 x 430 x 58 mm), W4 (407 x 364 x 50 mm), W5 (1312 x 300 x 58 mm) and W6 (860 x 360 x 50mm). Solid slabs of the same size and number designated S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 served as control. These models were validated using the slabs by testing for failure loads, deflections and crack width. Each slab was subjected to incremental load of 1.0 kN until failure occurred. Maximum bending moments were obtained for slab and rib portions using YLRGT, a finite element based method called ETABS was also used to analyse the slabs and results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA at p= 0.05. The YLRGT analysis of the various physical models (slab portion, transverse and longitudinal ribs) yielded the following bending moments: W1 (5526.0, 34.5, 918.3) Nm, W2 (1122.0, 279.2, 36.5) Nm, W3 (2880.0, 27.2, 619.9) Nm, W4 (590.0, 171.9, 160.9) Nm, W5 (947.0, 37.0, 4.4) Nm and W6 (1276.0, 90.4, 36.2) Nm respectively. The ETABS combined both slab and ribs giving W1 (4729.0) Nm, W2 (581.0) Nm, W3 (3338.0) Nm, W4 (733.0) Nm, W5 (851.0) Nm and W6 (686.0) Nm. Deflections at failure for waffle slab were smaller compared to solid slabs: (W1 = 1.19 and S1 =3.56) mm, (W2 = 3.64 and S2 =9.28) mm, (W3 = 3.90 and S3 =7.44) mm, (W5 = 8.17 and S5 =12.18) mm, (W6 = 3.29 and S6 =3.89) mm with the exception of W4 (6.60 mm) and S4 (6.44mm), where deflection of waffle slab was higher than that of solid slab. Mean deflection of S1 was significantly higher than W1, while S2 was significantly higher than W2. Average crack width for waffle (0.48 mm) and solid slabs (0.99 mm) were significantly different. High crack width in solid slab indicated lower shear strength. The Yield Line and Rankine Grashoff Theories have facilitated the accurate analysis of pre-cast waffle slabs by separating the slab and rib portions.
ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC FLOW ON SELECTED TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS IN IBADAN METROPOLIS
(2011-09) AKINTAYO, F.O.
Traffic congestion is a common feature on highways in many cities of theworld, including Ibadan, Nigeria. Previous studies have shown that several mathematical traffic flow models developed to analyse congestion cannot be easily generalised or adapted to varying situations. In addition, validation errors of some models are as high as 60.0 %. In pursuit of the objective of minimising traffic congestion in parts of the Ibadan metropolis, headway simulation models were developed for the analysis of flow on some selected two-lane highways characterised by heavy traffic. Traffic survey was conducted on three purposively selected heavily-trafficked two-lane highways (Total Garden-Agodi Gate, J Allen-Oke Bola and Odo Ona-Apata) in the Ibadan metropolis. Headway modelling approach incorporating the prevailing mroadway, traffic and control conditions was developed. Field data were captured on the three roads with a camcorder between 7.00 a.m. and 6.00 p.m. for a period of six months as specified in the Highway Capacity Manual. Comparison of the modelling result and field headway data were carried out using Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test (p = 0.05). A traffic flow simulator was developed to simulate the different congestion scenarios by varying the minimum and maximum headways. Capacity analysis and validation of the results were carried out using ANOVA methods. Average vehicular flow of 715 ± 3, 970 ± 5 and 1118 ± 9 vph per lane on Total Garden-Agodi Gate, J Allen-Oke Bola and Odo Ona-Apata roads respectively. Eighteen hyperbolic headway scenarios were produced and the highest coefficient of correlation (R2 = 0.92) was recorded at 90 percentile while 0.18, 0.36, 0.50, 0.71, 0.82, and 0.79 were obtained at 1, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 percentiles respectively. There was no significant difference between theoretical and field data using Kolmogorov- Smirnov (KS) test (p < 0.05). Also, a total number of 171 congestion scenarios were generated using the traffic flow simulator. Traffic flow varied between 204 and 2376 pcu per lane while headways varied between 1 and 18 seconds. The capacity analysis produced approximated maximum flow rates of 1850, 2865 and 2881 pcu in the two directions of travel for Total Garden-Agodi Gate, J Allen-Oke Bola and Odo Ona- Apata roads respectively. The capacity of Total Garden-Agodi Gate was within the recommended maximum value of 2800 pcu in the two directions of travel for two-lane highways. The results for J Allen-Oke Bola and Odo Ona-Apata roads showed that an additional lane will be required in each direction of travel. The validation of the models on the dualised J Allen-Oke Bola road showed that congestion can be reduced by about 55.0 %. A maximum validation error of 35.0 % was obtained. The traffic flow simulator developed successfully simulated the traffic situations on the selected highways. The analysis of the flow yielded results that could ameliorate traffic congestion on the selected two-lane highways in the Ibadan metropolis.
Analysis of traffic inflow to a university campus in a developing country:a rescale range approach
(2007-10) Alabi, B.; Salau, T. A. O.; Oke, S. A.
"All over the world, there is an increasing enrolment level for university admissions in view of the ever-increasing benefits of earning university degrees. Thus, the high population of students in many universities, coupled with a high number of vehicles has made traffic control a challenge to University traffic managers. In this paper, the method of Resca1e Range Analysis (RRA) was used to estimate the Hurst Exponent Value (HEV) for the traffic inflow through the main entrance gate of a university as a control measure. Data from a university in the developing countries was collected and analysed. The number of vehicles that entered consecutively per five minutes was observed between 07:00 and 19:00 over a 144 count and 17 independent cases constructed between adjacent cases. Rescale Range Algorithm platform is then used for the data, and coded in FORTRAN Language. With a case made up of 128 consecutive five-minute dependent traffic inflow records, a total of 3348 vehicles entered the university community within the studied period while the average number of vehicles inflow per hour was 279. Average number of vehicles that entered per five minutes was 24. No vehicle entered between 13:25 and 13:30. For all cases, the estimated HEV range between 0.5742 and 0.6955. The computed average HEV was 0.6303, the coefficient of fitness (R2) for all cases range between 0.9552 and 0.9787, while the computed average value was 0.9680. The HEV greater than 0.5 estimated for all cases is an indication of positive con-elation called Persistent. It expresses the fact that there are extended periods in which the traffic inflow to the university community deviated from the long term mean. This information is useful for vehicle garage design. For reliable estimates of the average HEV for design purposes, the study period should be extended to a whole week or an academic session. "