FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY

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3-D geometric modeling for finite element analysis using MATLAB® C programming
(2012) Eyere, E.; Oluwole, O.
Most finite element analysts in Nigeria develop own codes for their analysis due to inability to purchase commercial finite element analysis software packages that come with GUI geometric modelers and difficulty in managing coordinate data from imported CAD files. General purpose computer-aided design software packages are good drafting tools but do not have imbedded facilities to carry out finite element analyses of descretized (mesh) models. This paper demostrates how MATLAB® programming language can be used to generate 3-D geometric models suitable for finite element anaylsis. In this work, model of a water storage tanker was drawn using AutoCAD®, and then the same model was generated using MATLAB®. The results showed that MATLAB® can be used to obtain meshed and surface model suitable for finite element analysis.
A management approach to construction and demolition wastes in ibadan metropolis
(2014) Omoniyi T.E.; Akinyemi B.A.; Nwosu S.C.
The construction and demolition waste impacts negatively on the natural economy and the environment. This paper examines some engineering and management approaches such as waste segregation, reduction concept, reuse concept, waste exchange concept and waste rethink concept to construction and demolition wastes in Ibadan Metropolis. Two sites each were visited for construction and demolition activities to observe and quantity their waste characteristics. Construction site A is of a 40.375m length by 39.225m width storey building at decking slap stage with a total waste components of 2500Kg having 32% of it as wood(planks) and 36% of it as bamboo. Construction site B has 42.1m length by 24.385m width storey building at lintel stage has total waste components of 625.5Kg with 48% of it being wood(planks) and 0.90% of it being cement bags(sacks). Demolition site C has a total of 10850Kg with 92.2% of it as concrete/brick wastes and 0.50% of it constitutes electrical and paper materials and demolition site D of total waste components of 8630Kg has 93% of it as concrete/brick materials and 2.3% as metal wastes. These figures show that an enormous amount of wastes are generated from construction and demolition activities and if not properly managed, it could negatively impact our environment. Therefore, it is ideal that appropriate measures are taken to ensure effective management of these waste hence the various waste components identified in all the sites under consideration can be harnessed and transformed into other uses.
A preliminary evaluation of the impact of covid-19 on public transportation in Ibadan metropolis: a case study of Ibadan North local government
(Nigerian Society of Engineers, 2020-09) Okunlola, O.; Akintayo, F.O.
A number of measures have been put in place by different governments to combat the spread of Covid-19 virus. The virus has affected all forms of transportation. This paper is a preliminary study to evaluate the impact of Oyo State government lockdown measures on public transportation in Ibadan North Local Government Area between March and June 2020. Seven factors affecting public transportation as identified from literature include: availability of service, cost of service, comfortability safety /social distancing, parking difficulties and rate of accidents. Structured questionnaires were administered to purposively selected road users. The level of importance of each factor was determined and ranked by Relative Importance Index (RII). The study shows that there was a significant reduction in travel demand which in turn caused a significant increase in cost of transportation and waiting time for commuters.
A review on the renewable energy from agricultural and forest residues in nigeria
(2021) Olorunnisola A.O.; Richards,A.; Omoniyi T.E.
Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources among them are residues from agricultural and forest sources. Since these residues are usually dumped in landfills as waste, constituting environmental and waste disposal problems, the need to utilise them is necessary in achieving the seventh and ninth targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. One of the avenues where agricultural and forest residues can be utilised is through biomass technology. Therefore, this paper assessed the potential conversion of these residues into useful and sustainable electricity generation in Nigeria. In addition, the paper gathers information from a pool of relevant reports on the current state of Nigeria’s power sector and the domestication of some small-scale biomass power plants across the country. In this review paper, it was found that Nigeria is one of the biggest economic power in Africa and has the potential to generate electricity and other bioenergy products from the present stock of biomass available in the country, thereby making the country self-sufficient in the provision of power supply and fuel production.
A simple trafic flow simulator for two-lane highways
(University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012) Akintayo, F. O.; Agbede, O.
The highway network is an common feature on highways in many cities of the world. Including Ibadan, Nigeria. Previous studies have shown that several mathematical traffic flow models developed to analyse congestion cannot be easily generalized or adapted to varying situation. A simple traffic flow simulator was developed in the paper to stimulate flow for different congestion seanarios by varying the minimum and maximum headways if vehicles. Comparison of simulated and field values for a heavily trafficked highway in Ibadan metropolis produced an error of 35 % at high vehicular interaction
A Technical Assessment of Grain Storage Structures in Oyo North Senatorial District of Oyo State, Nigeria Omobowale M.O.* and Hammed Akinsoji Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan,
(Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan,, 2018) Omobowale M.O.
The need for updated information on storage practices by subsistence f rm rs in Oyo North Senatorial district of Oyo state, Nigeria necessitated a technical as^e^ 'men t of grain storage structures with particular interest on availability and features as well a ’ associated postharvest losses. Small-scale farmers who are not occupying government-o 'ned farm settlements were surveyed. Ten Local Government Areas, namely; Iseyin, Kajola, Iwajowa, Saki-West, Saki-East, Orelope, Irepo, Olorunsogo, Itesiwaju and Atisbo were surveyed. A total of 250 respondents, identified to be lead-farmers and storage facility owners, were interviewed using structured questionnaires. About 35.9% of respondents still mak' use of thatched rhumbu but rainfall and insect damage pose a major challenge to grains stored within. Lack of adequate design and poor maintenance culture are major causes of structu. A faaure. Efforts to reduce postharvest losses must include provision of adequate storage facilities to small-scale farmers where most crops are produced.
A Technical Report on the Development of an Analytical Calculator for the Design of Hydraulic Sections for Open Channel Flows
(Department of Civil Engineering, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, 2022) Mac-Eteli H.; Omobowale, M.O.; Arube, G.
Hydraulic structures are designed for conveyance, structural integrity and sustainability. Flood prevention and control is more than ever creating a significant gap for the research society. Particularly for the southern and deltaic regions of the globe. The ease of design embodies the beauty of design. With the ever-rising climatic effects on the earth primarily due to human activities, and prevalent rise in global sea and river levels, the design of channels to manage water bodies in cities and towns is of primary importance. This paper uses basic hydraulic principles to develop analytical equations which were programmed in Microsoft Excel to design for all sectional properties of op ’n channels as well as plot the cross section of the channel using four key variables of peak flow, channel bed sk ;e, c^ainel side slope, and roughness coefficient. The developed model is an enhanced calculator in the hydraulic engineering society due to its ability to function satisfactorily without prior knowledge of base with or flow depth
Accurate safty zone detemination during gas flaring
(Medwell Journals, 2009) Ismail, O. S.; Fagbenla, R. O.
Gas flaring, a long-established but unacceptable practice in the Nigerian Petroleum industry, has deleterious effects on the environment. Research efforts have concentrated on using empirical formulae derived from experiments in predicting heat fluxes around a gas flare. However numerical method, which is capable of eliminating the severe inaccuracies in calculation from empirical formulae, is yet to be explored. The flare was considered as a three-dimensional turbulent jet issuing into a continuous cross flow of air. The momentum and scalar fluxes were approximated by the k-ε turbulence model and the resultant conservation equations were solved using the finite volume technique. The laminar flamelet concept was used to characterize the local thermochemical state of the combusting mixture, while the discrete transfer method was used to compute the radiative heat flux. A model for an accurate prediction of the heat flux at any point within the vicinity of a gas flare was developed. Thermal radiation profiles predicted at ground level exhibited Gaussian behaviour. Deviation of the predicted flux result at ground level estimated by the empirical formulae were between 15.0 and 35.0%. Based on the existing standard for maximum allowable radiation flux of 6.3 kW m-2, the model minimum safest distance from the flare was 1.1 m, whilst the empirical formulae gave minimum safest distances ranging between 0.8 and 1.4 m. This model had superior prediction capabilities than the existing empirical formulae. Safe distances could be deduced from heat flux standpoint for both humans and habitat using the model.
Activated carbon from agricultural waste: process description and economic analysis
(2009) Oiogun, O. O.; Oyekeye, O. M.; Odesola, I. F.
Adsorption refrigeration technology has been intensively investigated in many countries of the world because of its promising potential for competing with conventional vapour compression refrigeration, its relatively low operating cost and its environmental friendliness. The search for a good adsorbent for solar powered refrigeration technology has led to various attempts to manufacture activated carbon of high adsorptive property. In this study coconut shells plus 10% animal bones, agricultural wastes, were used as basic raw materials for the local production of activated carbons. The properties determined were the particle size diameter, iodine no, hardness no, bulk density, and tamped density of the activated carbon samples. The results for the coconut shells only of mesh size 14 and maximum particle size of 2.36mm are: iodine no, 906.68mg/g, hardness no, 1, bulk density, 0.504g/ml, tamped density, 0.562g/ml and ash content, 0.012%; while that of the coconut shells with 10% bones of mesh size 14 and maximum particle size of 2.36mm are: iodine no, 870.51mg/g, hardness no, 1, bulk density, 0.585g/ml, tamped density, 0.604g/ml and ash content, 0.06%. In comparison with the imported activated carbons these can be classified as medium grade carbons, This work has established the fact that activated carbons, the principal component for solar powered refrigeration technology can be locally sourced without compromising standards.
Activated carbon production from wastes: profitability index and product cost reduction method
(2010) Odesola, I. F.; Daramola, N. O.
A previous paper on developing a national capability for the manufacture of activated carbon from agricultural waste by the same authors was considered. In the said paper, the process flow diagram for the manufacture of Granular Activated Carbon from three agricultural wastes namely coconut shell, oil-palm shells and sugarcane bagasse was provided and the plant’s economic analysis done. The objectives of this study were to investigate selling price reducing options and profitability of the investment discussed. In the study, the profitability indexes for the overall plant projects for the three plants were found. The effect of equipment cost reduction on the total productive cost was also examined. For the steam activation of coconut shell, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost was found reduce the corresponding Product cost geometrically by values ranging from 2.44-1.22% for ten successive reductions. The profitability index was between 0.057 and 4.07% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. The steam activation of sugarcane bagasse was different, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost reduce the corresponding Product cost also geometrically by values ranging from 2.85-3.69% (increasing with each reduction) also for 10 successive reductions. The profitability index was between 0.09 and 3.7% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. And for the phosphoric activation of oil-palm shell, successive reduction by 10% in the overall equipment cost was found reduce the corresponding Product cost geometrically by values ranging from 4.58-2.88% (decreasing with each reduction as in steam activation of coconut shells). The profitability index was between -1.08 and 2.12% respectively for the 1st to the 11th year. In addition, an excel software to simulate the economic analysis previously done and output the key costs after the simulation.
Adaptation of Ushafa clay, Abuja, as a suitable replacement for bentonite in the foundry industry
(2008) Atanda, P. O.; Oluwole, O. O.; Ogale, O. T.
This work investigated the possible use of Ushafa clay in Abuja, Nigeria as a suitable replacement for bentonite clay in foundry use. Moulding sand mixes with compositions of 8,10 and 13%. Ushafa clay, silica sand and 5,7,8,9,10 and 11% coal dust additives were mulled. From each mix, cylindrical specimens were prepared and subjected to permeability, shatter index, compression and shear strength tests . The results from the Ushafa mix were compared with results from bentonite mixes. The results showed that moulding sand compositions having 13%. Ushafa clay, and coal dust additions of 8% produced specimens with good permeability, dry strength, green strength and collapsibility for foundry use. This work has confirmed the possible use of Ushafa clay as suitable replacement for bentonite binder in foundry
Adsorption isotherms and heat of sorption of fresh and preosmosed oven-dried bananas
(WFL Publisher, 2005) Falade, K. O.; Awoyele, O. O.
"Three banana varieties (Omini Red, Cavendish and Cooking banana) were transversely cut into 10 mm slices, pretreated in sucrose solution of 52, 60 and 68°B and maintained at 25°C for 12 hours. Both fresh and preosmosed banana slices were subsequently oven-dried at 60°C for 72 hours. Adsorption isotherms of fresh and preosmosed oven-dried banana slices were determined at 20 and 40°C using gravimetric–static method. Suitability of eight sorption models in describing the adsorption data was tested. Moreover, isosteric heat of sorption of both fresh and preosmosed oven-dried bananas was determined using Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Adsorption isotherms of fresh and preosmosed oven-dried banana slices gave type I (J–shaped) isotherms. Isotherms were affected by temperature and pretreatment sucrose solution concentration. Crossing of isotherms occurred at aw~0.55-0.70. Among the eight models, tested, Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model gave the best fit. Calculated GAB monolayer moisture (Mm) content (9.80–20.8% d.b.) decreased with increase in temperature. Generally GAB Mm content increased with increase in total solids (%) content of preosmosed banana slices. Isosteric heat of sorption increased with decreased moisture content in banana slices. "
Advancing industrial engineering in Nigeria through teaching, research and innovation
(Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, 2020) Oluleye, A. E.; Oladokun, V. O.; Akanbi, O. G.
Agricultural engineering education in Nigeria
(CIGR Journals, 2005-08) Mijinyawa, Y.
Early agricultural engineering services required on Nigerian farms were provided by civil engineers and agronomists some of who later retrained to form the first crops of Nigerian agricultural engineers. Agricultural engineering training was substantially done overseas until about the early 1960s when local opportunities started to be available. Agricultural engineering education started with training in farm mechanization laying emphasis on tractorization in the colleges of agriculture and polytechnics, and later expanded to cover all aspects of agricultural engineering. Agricultural engineering education in Nigeria is offered by the universities, polytechnics and colleges of agriculture. Ownership and funding of tertiary institutions include the federal and state governments, private individuals and religious organizations. Quality assurance is achieved through setting of minimum academic standards and occasional programme accreditations by the Nigerian universities commission, the national board for technical education and the council for the regulation of engineering in Nigeria. Agricultural engineers are engaged in virtually all sectors of the economy. This paper discuses the historical development of agricultural engineering education in Nigeria highlighting the entry requirements, training and regulations, professional bodies and the sectors where the products are making their contributions towards the national development. It concludes by calling on all stake holders to understand and appreciate the role of the profession in national development and give it the desired support.
Aircraft Disasters- roles of materials
(2009) Asafa, T. B.; Durowoju, M. O.; Ismail, O. S.
Aircraft disaster has been in existence since air was conquered by man as a means of transportation. 487.5 million and 874.4 millions of cumulative departures and flight hours respectively have been estimated since 1959. Analysis of aircraft failure based on 5,149 on-board fatalities recorded shows that 13% of total aircraft accident was caused by mechanical failure while loss of control was responsible for over 31% of onboard fatalities. Aircraft accident is known to be most fatal during take-off and landing phase contributing about 49% while onboard fatality during cruise is about 19%. In this work, reviews of aircraft disasters were made via Fractographic examination, SEM and finite element modeling. It must be stated that few of aircraft failures which are not material related are not considered in this review. The review focused on material related failure which have been analyzed, accepted and published in reputable journals.
An algorithm for job scheduling in 2 - machine flow shop problem
(2009) Odior, A. O.; Oyawale, F. A.
This paper considers the problem of scheduling in flow-shop by Johnson's Algorithm method and Genetic Algorithm method to find an optimal sequence for n jobs machine problem based on minimum elapsed time. In scheduling the two machine flow shop problem F2||∑C1, one has to determine a schedule that minimizes the sum of finishing times of an arbitrary number of jobs that need to be executed on two machines, such that each job must complete processing on machine 1 before starting on machine 2. We propose a heuristic for approximating the solution for the F2||∑C1 problem using a genetic algorithm.
Aluminium anode activation research- a review
(2012) Idusuyi, N.; Oluwole, O. O.
The aim of this paper is to review aluminum anode formulation and activating elements till date and discuss the possibility of further work based on recent trends in the use of nano or agro based materials. The performance of aluminum anodes is largely dependent on alloy composition and a good understanding of the relationships between the metallurgy and the anodic response of the alloys. Recent researches show that microalloying aluminum anodes with certain metallic composite oxides can significantly improve anode life and reduce costs. Suggestions for further work are also presented.
Ameliorating urban traffic congestion for sustainable transportation
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Busari, A. A.; Loto, R. T.; Ajayi, S. O.; Odunlami, O.; Akintayo, F. O.; Oyesomi, K.; Olawuyi, O.
Population, ownership of vehicles and economic growth are increasing at a geometric rate. Invariably, this will lead to an increase in traffic volume and the demand for limited road infrastructures. These has generated a lot of constraint on the few available road infrastructures in most developed and developing nations of the world. One of the consequences of this, is traffic congestion. This arises when the road system approaches vehicle capacity. Although governments and policy makers may never be able to eliminate road congestion, there are several ways cities and states can move to curb it. Hence, this review of literature assessed the myriad effect of traffic congestion, with focus on the economic and environmental impact. Additionally, long- and short-term measures to reduce the menace in 2030 were evaluated. This was done by assessing the relevant literature on the topic. The outcome of the review revealed that increase in income and living standard favours the ownership of automobiles thereby increasing traffic congestion. Households that reside in areas with compact, mixed land use own fewer vehicles, make fewer vehicle trips, therefore mixed land use should be encouraged in urban development. Additionally, level of Service (LOS) is another factor that affects traffic congestion and traffic crashes. The outcome of this review will aid the government and policy makers on the appropriate tool to adopt and the draw backs in a bid to reduce this menace now and in the foreseeable future
An Investigation into the Thermal Properties of Termite Mound Clay Applicable to Grain Silo Construction
(Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2015) Omobowale M.O.
Provision of suitable grain silos in humid tropical climates has generated research interests on the possibility of using local materials for construction. Termite mound clay (TMC), a material available in abundance was investigated as a potential construction material. A major factor determining the suitability of construction materials for grain silos is its thermal properties. Therefore, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal mass of TMC were determined and compared with those of concrete and stainless steel which are commonly used for silo construction. TMC was collected, crushed and sieved using a 500pm sieve to remove coarse particles and foreign materials. The TMC powder obtained was mixed with water using volumetric ratio of 1:5 (i.e. water to clay) after which the thoroughly mixed clay was carefully fed into the mould and left to air-dry for 5 days. The samples were dried in the oven at 105oC for about 48 hours to remove all the moisture. Results revealed that thermal conductivity ranged from 0.17 to 0.24 W/(mK) with an average value of 0.21 compared to concrete and steel which range between 0.8 - 1.28 and 16.3 - 16.7 W/(mK) respectively. Specific heat capacity had an average value of 2576.94 J/(kgK) compared with concrete and steel which had values of 960 and 490 J/(kgK) respectively. Thermal diffusivity had a mean value of 1.47*10-8 m2/s in comparison to concrete and steel whose calculated values were 6.63 ><10-7 and 4.18 ><10-6 kJ/(m3 K) respectively while thermal mass had a mean value of 4723.5 kJ/(m3 K) compared to 2112.0 and 3831.8 kJ/(m3K) for concrete and steel respectively. It was concluded that TMC offers a thermally suitable alternative to these two for grain silo construction in the humid tropics.
Analyses and modeling of laminar flow in pipes using numerical approach
(Scientific Research, 2012) Ismail, O. S.; Adewoye, G.T
This paper investigate some important works done on numerical analysis and modeling of laminar flow in pipes.This review is focused on some methods of approach and the analytical tools used in analyzing of the important parameters to be considered in laminar flow; such as frictional losses, heat transfer etc. in laminar flow in pipes of different shapes, and the importance of laminar flow in its areas of applications. Prominent researchers have approached this from different perspectives. Some carried out analysis on the pressure drop as a function of permeability, some worked on friction factor analysis, some discussed heat transfer effects of laminar flow in the entrance region, while some discussed its applications in various industries. Some of these works were done considering a given form of pipe configuration or shape which is circular pipes. Only a few, of the literature reviewed have related their considerations to different forms of pipes. Most consider pipes to be majorly circular in shape, but in industries today some circular pipes have become elliptical in shape due to long time usage of the pipes, which would have contributed to increase in some different forms of losses in the industries. In engineering, efficiency and effectiveness improvement is the major goal, if a research work has been done, considering the important parameters in laminar flow showing their effects on different forms of pipe configuration as a result of pipe deformation due to usage, huge amount of money will be saved. This will show clearly how the efficiency of a given circular pipe has seriously been affected due to deformation, and the level of loss this has resulted to.