FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
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Item STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST FACTORS ON PLANTAIN QUALITY(1992-03) ADELUSOLA, M. A.This study was undertaken to evaluate the social and technical factors affecting plantain handling in Nigeria, with a view to recommending measures of minimising losses and improving product quality. Questionnaires on the effect of production, transportation and marketing practices on postharvest losses were administered to farmers, transporters and traders respectively in a survey of three plantain producing States and one non-producing State in Nigeria. Based on the findings of this survey, physical characteristics of plantain which are likely to change as the plantain matures were investigated using two cultivars of plantain namely, Agbagba, a false horn type and Obino l'ewani, a French type, harvested between 8 to 14 weeks after anthesis, to obtain indicators for determining harvest maturity. Also, a methodology for measuring qualitative and quantitative losses in plantain was development. In addition, the effect of maturity at harvest, packaging and the Vibration experienced during transportation on mechanical damage were investigated in simulated transit studies, as well as selected quality attributes of processes products from the Agbagba plantain harvested between 8 to 12 weeks after anthesis, in Order to establish Optimum handling conditions for plantain for the distribution and Processing outlets. The measurement of finger weight and finger length have been developed as new objective and non-destructive methods for harvest maturity determination in plantain cultivars. It was also observed that the measurement of bruise area on the peel and percentage weight loss were associated with aesthetic quality, whilst the measurement of trimming losses on the pulp was a good indication of quantitative losses and the number of days to full ripening was an indication of the storage life of the two cultivars. Harvesting at the immature stage increased the susceptibility of the plantains to underpeel bruising leading to significantly (p = 0.05) higher trimming losses and weight losses in the two cultivars. Lining the packaging Containers with polyethylene reduce the damage significantly. The sensory quality of flavour and texture were affected by the stage of maturity at the time of harvest. Chips and ’dodo' prepared from immature plantain scored significantly (p = 0.05) lower points than mature ones. Even though it might be adviceable to harvest plantain at an immature stage in Order to extend its green-life, this work clearly shows that this would be at the expence of quality.Item A type curve approach to qualitative description of reservoir fluids(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993) Isehunwa, O. S.; Falade, G. K.Qualitative description of reservoir fluids is normally based on such parameters as saturation pressure, gas in solution, viscosity and density. Most Engineers ignore compositional data unless when phase behavior predictions or compositional simulation are to be undertaken. This work describes a simple, quick method of qualitative reservoir crude assessment, using the well known Type Curve matching techniques with fluid compositional data. The method is demonstrated for some Niger Delta reservoir crudes, and shown to be useful in checking the validity of laboratory PVT results in cases where there are disagreements between the experimental and observed (field) values of saturation pressure. Volatile crudes and condensates can also he readily identified. It. would appear that the method can be applied regionally, as well as locally (in-field) as an aid in reservoir-to-reservoir fluid correlation. It can also help to ide1ltify non-equilibrium fluid distribution in. large, thick, or segmented reservoirs.Item A two-parameter correlation for predicting oil recovery factor in water-drive reservoirs(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994) Isehunwa, S. O.; |Nwankwo, S. U.A simple correlation has been developed for estimating primary recovery factors for Niger Delta oil reservoirs. The correlation which was developed, from data collected across the Niger Delta, is valid for reservoirs with strong water drives. Only two major parameters are required for the recovery factor calculations in this work, unlike other multi-parameter correlations. This makes this correlation very easy to apply. An expression has also been included for predicting residual oil saturation, where core or log analysis data are not available. The results obtained using these models have been compared with other published models, and applied to many case studies, with better predictions. Graphical and statistical error analyses also confirm good correlations. These correlations should also, yield good predictions for reservoirs from other regions that have similar reservoir and fluid characteristics.Item Analysis of mud filtration properties using factorial design(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995) Isehunwa, S. O.; Orji, H. I.Determining the filtration properties of a mud system requires that experiments be run for both the standard API and the high Temperature High Pressure (HTHP) tests at intervals throughout the duration of drilling an oil well. However, cost and hazard considerations cause more emphasis to be placed on the standard API test at ambient conditions, without taking into account the effects of elevated downhole pressures and temperatures on filtration properties. In this work, the factorial design concept was applied to the filtration properties of drilling muds. Different samples of water based bentonitic muds were used for the experimental runs at both Low Temperature - Low pressure (LTLP) and high Temperature - High Pressure (HTHP) conditions. The input variables considered were temperature, pressure, solids content, mud weight and time; while the response variables were fluid loss and cake thickness. The final results are presented in the form of a statistically significant model that enables prediction of filtration properties at both LTLP and HTHP conditions. This method minimizes the inherent risks usually associated with operating filter presses at elevated pressures and temperatures. In addition, it saves time and cost by minimizing the number of experimental runs always required to assess mud quality and maximizes the information obtained from the few experimental runs. This experimental design technique can also be applied to the quality assessment and control of other drilling fluid properties.Item A correlation for predicting the viscosity of Nigerian crude oils(Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1990) Amoo, O. A.; Isehunwa, S. O.An empirical equation that could be used for predicting the viscosity of Nigerian crudes is presented in this paper. The correlation uses oil specific gravity as the main correlating parameter, and also incorporates the effects of reservoir pressure, temperature and oil formation volume factor. Data from well over 400 samples of Nigerian crudes were used for developing the correlation, with most samples however, from reservoirs at or above saturation pressure. The results show however that the correlation could have general applicability. The correlation when compared with some earlier works proved to be more accurate for Nigerian crudes. Graphical and Statistical error analyses undertaken suggest good performance and accuracy. The correlation should prove valid for estimating the viscosity of Nigerian crudes, as well as other crude types having properties that fall within the range of the data used in this work.Item Ceramic engines: material properties for higher performance(1998) Simolowo, O. E.The four-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine has been used as a case study, being that commonly utilized in most automobiles. General properties of ceramics were discussed while exposure was given to some high-performance ceramics. Theoretical deduction and analysis were then carried out to show improved engine performance using ceramic component. the engine performance parameter considered are:(i)power output (ii) mean effective pressure(iii) speed of engine rotation and (iv) mechanical efficiency. analysis based on ceramic properties showed that ceramics such as silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride(Si3N4), zirconia (ZrO2) and , titanium oxide (TiO2) proved to have more favourable properties for most engine parts when subjected to engine conditions where they are located as compared to their metallic, steel and alloy counterparts. Though much work has been done in the production of ceramic engines, predictions as to developing (i) adiabatic ceremic engines and (ii) turbo compounded engine show the extent to work that still needs to be done in this area of developing ceramic engines.Item Prospects for software development for indigenous designs(NEC Publication, 1998) Simolowo, O. E.The importance of software development in the world today cannot be over-emphasized, moreso as applied in the field of engineering. Software development for indigenous engineering design needs to be given peculiar considerations as it entails developing software from the basics (high level language) for it to handle target indigenous design specifications. This paper therefore in its focus starts from the central point of all computed aided engineering activities called the “ database”. The database discussed entails (i)Documentation(ii)synthesis and analysis. Tools for software development such as computer languages and hardware configurations available within the country for indigenous software development have also been considered. Common computer language modes and their functions as well as practical techniques of packaging developed software have also been outlined. The design chart of the software for generation of Cam profiles developed in a research work (CAD of CAM profiles) based on the application of procedures discussed in this paper is shown as reference figure. Majority, research work in this area will alleviate the problem of much dependence on imported software whose applications are limited as regards local design and also not fully utilized due to the understanding of the software flexibility and capabilities by unskilled users.Item Effects of temper annealing temperatures and times on the mechanical properties of cold-worked aluminium 1200(1989-04) Aderibigbe, D. A.; Sowole, O.O.Experiments have been conducted to develop temper- annealing schedule for continusly cast and cold-worked aluminium 1200. By using the method of graphical combination of the results of tensile and deep- drawn test, it is shown that a cost-effective temper-annealing schedule that would impart improved mechanical properties( compared with full annealing at 460° C for 6 hours) can be developed for Al-1200. For optimum combination of desired properties during deep- drawing, the 75% cold-worked material should be temper-annealed at 380 °C for 3 hours; the 85% cold-worked material should be temper-annealed at 400 C for 2 hours while the 90% cold-worked Al-1200 should be temper-annealed at 460 °C for 3 hoursItem Post-graduate experience(1998) Fakolujo, O. A.Item E-beam induced decomposition of inorganic solids(Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988) Green, M.||||; Aidinis, C.; Fakolujo, O.A general model for the e-beam induced decomposition of covalent and ionin inorganic solids is outlined. The primary electron beam produces enegetic electron/hole pairs; these decay to the band edges, and either recombine or participate in the chemical decomposition of the solid. The kinetics and mechanism of several system is discussed, including CdCl2 and PbI2. The importance of temparature in decomposition is remarked and it is suggested that induced decomposition is remarked and it is suggested that induced decomposition mostly starts at 0.6 melting point (K). The usefulness of various inorganic systems, as resists, for x-ray masks, for local indiffusion sources and for metal inter-connects is noted.
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