FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

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Incidence of stuttering in twins and singletons in selected schools in Ibadan township
(1990) Abosi, C. O.; Osowole, O.S.
This study was carried out to survey the incidence of stuttering in two sets of population, the twins and singletons. The sample of the study came from selected schools in Ibadan township and the stutterers in their families. Using the chi-Square statistics. It was found out that the incidence of stuttering in twins is not significantly higher than that of singletons and that the incidence in males is not significanly diiferent from the incedence of females
VITAMIN A STATUS AND THE EFFECT OF ORAL SUPPLEMENTATION IN PREGNANT NIGERIAN WOMEN
(1991) ADEYEFA, I. O.
This study was designed to investigate vitamin A nutritional status of pregnant and non pregnant non lactating Nigerian women. The beneficial effects of oral vitamin A supplementation was also investigated in the pregnant women. The study was carried out in three one was the cross-sectional study carried out on 22, 88 and 61 pregnant women in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The controls were 35 non pregnant non lactating women in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Their ages ranged from 18 to 45yrs with a mean age of 27.8+/— 6.82yrs. The subjects were randomly selected from both the University teaching and Adeoyo hospitals, Ibadan and the study lasted for a period of nine months. The result of the study showed that 11% of the subjects had plasma vitamin A levels in the deficient range << 20ug/dl) while 60% had marginal values (20 - 29ug/dl). Plasma vitamin A levels was observed to decrease as pregnancy progressed
Indigenous surgical practices in rural southwestern Nigeria: implications for disease prevention
(Oxford University Press, 1995) Ajuwon, A. J.; ||Brieger, W. R.; ||Oladepo, O.; Adeniyi, J. D.
A qualitative, community-based study was conducted in the rural community of Ago Are in southwestern Nigeria to learn about indigenous surgical practices and their potential for disease transmission. Community leaders as key informants assisted in identifying two types of indigenous practitioner whose work involved blood contact, whose work was observed. The olola are surgeons who specialize in circumcision and making traditional facial-markings, while the generic term for healer, onisegun, performed gbeere, that is making incisions into which medicinal herbs are rubbed. Although the onisegun used a clean blade for his procedures, he rubbed the herbs into the cuts with his bare hands. The olola used the same knife for all operations and cleaned it simply by rinsing it in a bowl of water. The potential for HIV transmission between practitioner and clients and among clients during these procedures is discussed-as is the potential of health education for reducing the demand for female circumcision and training indigenous healers in hygienic methods.
Indigenous surgical practices in rural southwestern Nigeria: implications for disease prevention
(Oxford University Press, 1995) Ajuwon, A. J.; Brieger, W. R.; Oladepo, O.; Adeniyi, J. D.
A qualitative, community-based study was conducted in the rural community of Ago Are in southwestern Nigeria to learn about indigenous surgical practices and their potential for disease transmission. Community leaders as key informants assisted in identifying two types of indigenous practitioner whose work involved blood contact, whose work was observed. The olola are surgeons who specialize in circumcision and making traditional facial-markings, while the generic term for healer, onisegun, performed gbeere, that is making incisions into which medicinal herbs are rubbed. Although the onisegun used a clean blade for his procedures, he rubbed the herbs into the cuts with his bare hands. The olola used the same knife for all operations and cleaned it simply by rinsing it in a bowl of water. The potential for HIV transmission between practitioner and clients and among clients during these procedures is discussed-as is the potential of health education for reducing the demand for female circumcision and training indigenous healers in hygienic methods.
Speech defects in head and neck cancer patients - a one year study
(1996) Osowole, O.S.; Ijaduola, G.T. A
This paper is based on a study of the speech defects in 74 head and neck cancer in-patients seen at the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between October 1989 and October 1990. Out of the 74 patients, only 65 had speech problems while 9 were free of speech defects. Hoarseness and rhinolalia clause were found to be the commonest. Other speech detects found were the so called "hot potato" voice and minimal pitch changes
Pattern of speech and language disorders in university college hospital, Ibadan
(1996-07) Osowole, O.S.|; Ijaduola, G.T. A
188 patients referred for speech therapy at U.C.H. Ibadan were analysed for types of speech pathology. Having ascertained the Ear, Nose and Throat conditions of the patients and with no significant medical indications, patients were promptly refered or Speech/Language assessment and therapy. The incidence of Speech/Language impairment was found to be higher in children (0-10 years) while delayed speech was found to be more prevalent. The import of public education on forms., causes, prevention and correction of speech and language defects was suggested.
Language disorders in stroke patients
(1996-10) Osowole O. S.
Effect of peer education on deaf secondary school students' HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviour
(2000) Osowole, O. S.; Oladepo, O.
This study evaluated the effect of an AIDS education program on deaf secondary school students' knowledge, attitude and perceived susceptibility to AIDS using peer education. Two secondary schools matched for ownership (government), composition (mixture of hearing and deaf and teaching arrangement (separate teaching of deaf students using sign language) were used, and each school was randomly allocated the intervention or control status. All students completed a questionnaire on AIDS at baseline and post-intervention following baseline, volunteers from the intervention group received four weeks training as peer educators, after which they provided HIV/AIDS information to their peers on one-to-one basis and in group, using a variety of approaches for a period of eight months, while the control subjects did not Pre-post group differential scores for knowledge of the causes, modes of transmission and methods of prevention of AIDS among intervention group compared with the control group were significant (p<0,0000001) but not to perceived personal susceptibility (p=0.64217). This study suggests the influence of peer education on health knowledge of youth but a limitation in changing perception of susceptibility.
Sexual behaviour and negotiation of the male condom by female students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria
(2000) Iwuagwu, S. C.; Ajuwon, A. J.; Olaseha, I. O.
This study explored the sexual behaviour of unmarried female students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, and assessed the extent to which those who were sexually active negotiated and used the male condom. Four focus group discussions were conducted followed by a survey of 354 students. The results show that the mean age of the students was 22.5 years 55.1% had had sexual intercourse; the mean age at first intercourse was 16.5 years. The number of lifetime sexual partners ranged from I to 20 with a mean of 3.4; 75% of those who had had sex reported ever using condom; 16.9% and 39% used it during their first and last sexual episodes respectively; only 34.3% used it consistently. Seventy-three per cent had ever negotiated condom use with a partner, but only 41% did so during their last sexual encounter. A significant association was found between condom negotiation and number of sexual partners: Students with fewer life time partners (3-2) had less frequently negotiated condom use than those with more partners (4.3) (P<0.05). Condom negotiators also scored significantly higher (4.6) on a 6-point AIDS Knowledge Score than those who had never done so (4.0) (P<0.05). About a quarter (26.7%) had ever bought a condom, while 38.5% had ever carried it. We conclude that although many female students had sometimes used a condom, only a few used it consistently and are therefore at risk of unintended outcomes of unprotected sex. We propose appropriate interventions to address the problem .
Audiometric assessment in patients with carcinoma of the larynx
(2000-12) Osowole, O. S.; Nwaorgu, O. G. B.
Audiometric assessment was carried out on twelve patients with advanced carcinoma of the larynx who were on admission on the Ear, Nose and Throat Ward of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between October 1995 and June 1996. The sharp dropping curve was the most common type of audiograph observed. Fifty percent of the patients had very sharp dropping curve at 200Hz, 33.3% had mild dropping curve at 4000Hz and 8000Hz while 16.7% had a flat curve within the social adequacy range. Implications of this in the treatment and rehabilitation of such patients is discussed.
Roles of management in the sustainance of a cost effective primary health care programme for the prevention of disabilities in Nigeria
(Options Book Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2001) Osowole O. S.
Games and sports as indicators of physical and mental development of the visually impaired individuals
(2001-06) Adedotun, M. A.; Eniola, M. S.; Osowole, O. S.
This study examines games and sports as indicators to physical and mental development of the visually impaired individuals using the survey design. Subjects for the study were randomly selected from two schools in Oyo and Lagos States. A set of questionnaire was used to collect data from the 50 subjects surveyed. Findings from the study show significant difference between (i) the visually impaired who participated in sports activities and those who did not; (ii) in independent travelling between visually impaired sportsmen and women and those who were not. But the third finding which was not significant show (iii) different in the technique used in teaching the blind that participated in sports and their sighted counterparts. The results also highlight some adaptation procedure and strategies for teaching physical education, games and sports to the visually impaired. Suggestions on improving visually impaired persons participation in games and sports were proffered.
Self-employment in crafts-an option for the disabled hearing impaired
(2001-12) Osowole, O. S.; Onwuchekwa, J. N.
This study examined self-employment as an option for the disabled hearing impaired using the exploratory design. Of the 80 respondents who took part in the survey 19(23.8%) were teachers of the hearing impaired, 19(23.8%) were hearing impaired employees, 37 (46.2%) were hearing impaired apprentices and 5 (6.2%) were self employed hearing impaired persons. Four sets of self-administered questionnaire were used for data collection from the different groups of respondents. Findings showed that the hearing impaired could be self-employed, cope with new demands and developments involved in self employment. Good educational background and period of apprenticeship were found to be prerequisites for self employment. Communication was reported by 61.3% of respondents to be a barrier to self-employment. The implications of these education and rehabilitation of the healing impaired are discussed.
Nigerian antimalarial ethnomedicine 2: Ethnobotanica surveys of herbal remedies used in the treatment of febrile illnesses in the middle belt of Nigeria
(2002) Ajaiyeoba, E. O.; Osowole, O. S.; Oduola, O .O.; Ashidi, J. S.; Akinboye, D. O.; Gbotosho, G. O.; Falade, C. O.; Ogundahunsi, O. A. T.; Fawole, O. I.; Bolaji, O. M.; Falade, M. O.; Oladepo, O. O.; Itiola, O. A.; Oduola, A. M. J.
An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among residents of Gboko (urban) and Katsina Ala ( rural) local government areas in Benue state located in the middle belt of Nigeria. The Katsina-Ala and Gboko communities belong to the Tiv ethnic group. Documentation of the use of herbs as alternative in the treatment of fevers and identification of potential phytomedicines against malaria was done. Semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussion guides were used to obtain information on description of febrile illness and utilization of herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. A total of 499 respondents comprising of mothers, fathers, community leaders/elders, herbs sellers and traditional healers were interviewed in the study. In the study, 9 types of febrile illnesses were proffered. The five most common type of febrile illnesses described were malaria (37.3%), yellow (28.8%), typhoid (27.3%), high fever (3.4%) and ordinary fever (0.5%). Perceived causes of febrile illness included mosquito bites, contamination of water and food, among others. Headache, general weakness, yellow coloration of eyes/uririe, elevated body temperature and diarrhoea, were the most common symptoms associated with febrile illnesses outlined by the respondents. Furthermore, malaria (81.5%) and high fever (57%) were reported to be common during the rainy season while typhoid (52%) is common during the dry season. Yellow fever was said to be non-dependent on season. Respondents believed children were more at risk of malaria compared with the other types of febrile illnesses mentioned. The respondents indicated that herbal recipes were effective treatment for Febrile illness. From the 105 recipes compiled, Azadirachto indica, Ficus thonningii, Annona senegalensis and Cymbopogon citratus were the most frequent herbs mentioned. Leaf (60.4%), was the most common part of plants used while boiling (92.5%), was frequently mentioned as method of herbal remedy preparation. The main route of administration of remedies mentioned was oral administration (97.9%). The study confirms the potential contribution of Phytomedicine to management of febrile illnesses, including malaria in the Tiv ethnomedicine.
Survey of the knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian surgery trainees to HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients
(2002) Adebamowo, C. A.; Ezeome, E. R.; Ajuwon, J. A.; Ogundiran, T. O.
Background: The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS is rising in Nigeria. Surgeons are at risk of occupationally acquired infection as a result of intimate contact with the blood and body fluids of patients. This study set out to determine the knowledge, attitude and risk perception of Nigerian surgery residents to HIV infection and AIDS. Methods: A self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to all surgery trainees in Nigeria in 1997. Results: Parenteral exposure to patients' blood was reported as occurring 92.5% times, and most respondents assessed their risk of becoming infected with HIV as being moderate at 1-5%. The majority of the respondents were not aware of the CDC guidelines on universal precautions against blood-borne pathogens. Most support a policy of routinely testing all surgical patients for HIV infection but 76.8% work in centers where there is no policy on parenteral exposure to patients' blood and body fluids. Most (85.6%) do not routinely use all the protective measures advocated for the reduction of transmission of blood borne pathogens during surgery, with the majority ascribing this to non-availability. Most want surgeons to be the primary formulators of policy on HIV and surgery while not completely excluding other stakeholders. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian surgery trainees in 1997 and the need for policy guidelines to manage all aspects of the healthcare worker (HCW), patients, and HIV/AIDS interaction.
Sexuality education for the adolescents
(Royal People Nigera Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2002) Moronkola, O. A.; Osowole, O. S.
Survey of the knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian surgery trainees to HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients
(2002) Adebamowo, C. A.; Ezeome, E. R.; |Ajuwon, J. A.; Ogundiran, T. O.
Background: The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS is rising in Nigeria. Surgeons are at risk of occupationally acquired infection as a result of intimate contact with the blood and body fluids of patients. This study set out to determine the knowledge, attitude and risk perception of Nigerian surgery residents to HIV infection and AIDS. Methods: A self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to all surgery trainees in Nigeria in 1997. Results: Parenteral exposure to patients' blood was reported as occurring 92.5% times, and most respondents assessed their risk of becoming infected with HIV as being moderate at 1-5%. The majority of the respondents were not aware of the CDC guidelines on universal precautions against blood-borne pathogens. Most support a policy of routinely testing all surgical patients for HIV infection but 76.8% work in centers where there is no policy on parenteral exposure to patients' blood and body fluids. Most (85.6%) do not routinely use all the protective measures advocated for the reduction of transmission of blood borne pathogens during surgery, with the majority ascribing this to non-availability. Most want surgeons to be the primary formulators of policy on HIV and surgery while not completely excluding other stakeholders. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian surgery trainees in 1997 and the need for policy guidelines to manage all aspects of the healthcare worker (HCW), patients, and HIV/AIDS interaction.
HIV risk-related behavior, sexual coercion, and implications for prevention strategies among female fpprentice failors, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2002-09) Ajuwon, J. A.; McFarland, W.; Hudes, E. S.; Adedapo, S.; Okikiolu, T.; Lurie, P.
We describe a survey of 300 young female apprentice tailors in a periurban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. The objectives were to assess HIV risk-related behavior in order to plan appropriate prevention interventions. Most apprentice tailors were 18-21 years old (68%), single (95%), and had not completed secondary school (98%). History of sexual intercourse was reported by 53 %; 42% had ever experienced unwanted touching of the breast, backside, shoulder, or waist; 4% reported being raped in the last 6 months. Of sexually active women, 57% reported sexual debut with an instructor; 21% had exchanged sex for money or gifts and only 27% had used a condom during their most recent sexual intercourse. Instability of employment and lack of instructor support were primary barriers to implementing a pilot peer education HIV prevention project. The poor social and economic conditions of apprentice tailors make them vulnerable to sexual exploitation and, in turn, to HIV infection. A peer education intervention within the context of a microcredit economic development program may reduce risk for HIV among women in Nigeria's informal economy.
HIV risk-related behavior, sexual coercion, and implications for prevention strategies among female fpprentice failors, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2002-09) Ajuwon, J. A.; McFarland, W.; Hudes, E. S.; Adedapo, S.; Okikiolu, T.; Lurie, P.
We describe a survey of 300 young female apprentice tailors in a periurban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. The objectives were to assess HIV risk-related behavior in order to plan appropriate prevention interventions. Most apprentice tailors were 18-21 years old (68%), single (95%), and had not completed secondary school (98%). History of sexual intercourse was reported by 53 %; 42% had ever experienced unwanted touching of the breast, backside, shoulder, or waist; 4% reported being raped in the last 6 months. Of sexually active women, 57% reported sexual debut with an instructor; 21% had exchanged sex for money or gifts and only 27% had used a condom during their most recent sexual intercourse. Instability of employment and lack of instructor support were primary barriers to implementing a pilot peer education HIV prevention project. The poor social and economic conditions of apprentice tailors make them vulnerable to sexual exploitation and, in turn, to HIV infection. A peer education intervention within the context of a microcredit economic development program may reduce risk for HIV among women in Nigeria's informal economy.
Cultural categorization of febrile illnesses in correlation with herbal remedies used for treatment in Southwestern Nigeria
(Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd, 2003) Ajaiyeoba, E. O.; Oladepo, O.; Fawole, O. l.; Bolaji, A. M.; Akinboye, D. O.; Ogundahunsi, O. A. T.; Falade, C. O.; Gbotosho, G. O.; Itiola, O. A.; Happi, T. C.; Ebong, O. O.; Ononiwu, I. M.; Osowole, O. S.; Oduola, O. O.; Ashidi, J. S.; Oduola, A. M. J.
The ethnographic study was conducted in two communities in Oyo state in Southwestern Nigeria. The study sites consisted of a rural and an urban local government area located in the tropical rain forest zone of Nigeria. The study was designed to obtain information on febrile illnesses and herbal remedies for treatment with the aim of identifying potential antimalarial drugs. The study revealed that fever is a general term for describing illnesses associated with elevated body temperature. The indigenous Yoruba ethnic population has categorized fever based on symptoms and causes. The present communication is the result of focus group discussion and semi-structured questionnaire administered to traditional healers, herb sellers, elders and mothers. This was on types of fevers, symptoms and causes of febrile illnesses. The investigation also included use of traditional herbs in the prevention and treatment of the illnesses in the two communities. A total 514 respondents were interviewed. This was made up of 266 (51.8%) from Atiba local government area (LGA), an urban centre while 248 (48.2%) respondents were interviewed from Itesiwaju LGA, a rural community. The LGAs are located in Oyo State of Nigeria. The respondents proffered 12 types of febrile illnesses in a multiple response answering system in Yoruba language. The most common ones (direct translation into English) were: yellow fever (39.1%), typhoid (34.8%), ordinary (28.8%), rainy season (20.8%) and headache (10.5%) fevers respectively. Perceived causes each of the febrile illnesses included stress, mosquito bites, unclean water, rains and over exposure to the sun. Methods of fever prevention were mainly with the use of herbal decoctions, powdered herbs, orthodox medications and maintenance of proper hygiene. Of a total or 112 different herbal remedies used in the treatment or the febrile illnesses compiled from the study, 25 recipes are presented. Recipes consisted of 2-7 ingredients. Oral decoctions (84%), oral powders (63%). use as soaps and creams (40%) in a multiple response system, were the most prevalent routes of administration of prepared herbs used in the treatment of the fevers. Boiling in water or alcohol was the most common method used in the preparation of the remedies. The four most frequently mentioned (multiple response system) plants in the Southwest ethnobotany for fevers were Azadirachta indica (87.5%). Mangifera indica (75.0%), Morinda lucida (68.8%) and Citrus medica (68.8%).