FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

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Author: search.filters.author.Adebayo, A. M.Subject: search.filters.subject.Nigeria

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    Analysis of alcohol policy in Nigeria: multi-sectoral action and the integration of the WHO “best-buy” interventions
    (Springer Nature, 2019) Adebayo, A. M.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Oluwasanu, M. M.; Fawole, A. O .
    Background: Harmful alcohol use is a modifiable risk factor contributing to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases and deaths and the implementation of policies focused on primary prevention is pivotal to address this challenge. Policies with actions targeting the harmful use of alcohol have been developed in Nigeria. This study is an in-depth analysis of alcohol-related policies in Nigeria and the utilization of WHO Best Buy interventions (BBIs) and multi-sectoral action (MSA) in the formulation of these policies. Methods: A descriptive case study design and the Walt and Gilson framework of policy analysis was utilized for the research. Components of the study included a scoping review consisting of electronic search of Google and three online databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed) to identify articles and policy documents with no language and date restrictions. Government institution provided documents which were not online. Thirteen policy documents, reports or articles relevant to the policy formulation process were identified. Other components of the study included interviews with 44 key informants (Bureaucrats and Policy Makers) using a pretested guide. The qualitative data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Findings revealed that policy actions to address harmful alcohol use are proposed in the 2007 Federal Road Safety Act, the Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control Policy and the Strategic Plan of Action. Only one of the best buy interventions, (restricted access to alcohol) is proposed in these policies. Multi-sectoral action for the formulation of alcohol-related policy was low and several relevant sectors with critical roles in policy implementation were not involved in the formulation process. Overall, alcohol currently has no holistic, health-sector led policy document to regulate the marketing, promotion of alcohol and accessibility. A major barrier is the low government budgetary allocation to support the process. Conclusions: Nigeria has few alcohol-related policies with weak multi-sectoral action. Funding constraint remains a major threat to the implementation and enforcement of proposed policy actions.
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    Regional differences in adolescent childbearing in Nigeria
    (Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Thailand, 2016) Adebowale, A. S.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Adebayo, A. M.
    Nigeria’s total fertility rate (TFR) and adolescent first birth rate are among the highest worldwide, but variation exists by region. Unfortunately, data to monitor the level of adolescent first births is still scarce in Nigeria. This study examines regional differences in the level of adolescent first birth among women ages 20-49 years (n=23,801) in Nigeria. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Cox proportional hazard models (α=0.05). Mean age at first birth was lower in the regions of higher TFR, among less educated and poorer women. In the South East, as for other regions in Nigeria, the mean children ever born was 6.13±2.8, 5.18±2.8, 4.1±2.4 and 2.97±1.9 for women who had their first birth at ages <15, 15-19, 20-24 and ≥25 respectively. The adolescent first birth was highest in the North West (74.8%, TFR=6.7) and lowest in the South West (32.1%, TFR=4.6). The hazard-ratio of beginning first birth was 1.58 (CI=1.46-1.70), 2.87 (CI=2.68-3.07), 3.43 (CI=3.23-3.67) and 1.74 (CI=1.61-1.88) higher in the North Central, North East, North West and South South, respectively, than the South West. Regional differences exist in adolescent first birth in Nigeria and TFR was higher in the regions where adolescent first birth was prevalent. Improving women’s education, particularly in the core northern regions, can raise the age at first birth in Nigeria.