FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
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Item Derivation and appraisal of maternal mortality estimates in Nigeria from the 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2017) Akinyemi, J. O.; Yusuf, O. B.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Kawu, I. B.; Ngige, E.; Amida, P.; Bashorun, A.Background Despite the huge burden of in Nigeria, accurate and reliable data fur maternal mortality measurement arc locking The federal Ministry of Health in collaboration with development partners included questions that allow indirect estimation of maternal mortality m us 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS) The aim of this paper was to derive estimates of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) and Lifetime Risk of maternal death (LTR) from the 2012 NARHS data Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from the maternal mortality module of NARHS 2012. During the survey, respondents (men aged 15-59 years and women aged 15-49 years) were selected via a multi-stage cluster sampling technique and data collected by trained field workers. In this study, report on survival or otherwise of adult female siblings were analysed to derive estimates of life tune risk of maternal death using the indirect sisterhood method. Results: Data from 15,596 men and 15,639 women were analysed A total of 12.810 adult female siblings had been exposed to the risk of death out of which 377 (2.9*4) have died of the 377 adult female deaths. 70 (18 6%) were pregnancy related the estimates of LTR and MMR were I in 71 women and 256 (95% CT. 196 - 316) maternal deaths per 100,000 live births respectively. There were north-south and rural-urban differences. Conclusion: The high level of maternal mortality is worrisome, concerted efforts aimed at reduction and provision of routine data for its measurement should be intensified.Item The Nigeria wealth distribution and health seeking behaviour: evidence from the 2012 national HIV/AIDS and reproductive health survey(Springer-Verlag GmbH, 2015) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Yusuf, B. O.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Issa, B. K.; Ngige, E.; Amida, P.; Bashorun, A.; Abatta, E.Background: Recently, Nigeria emerged as the largest economy in Africa and the 26th in the world. However, a pertinent question is how this new economic status has impacted on the wealth and health of her citizens. There is a dearth of empirical study on the wealth distribution in Nigeria which could be important in explaining the general disparities in their health seeking behavior. An adequate knowledge of Nigeria wealth distribution will no doubt inform policy makers in their decision making to improve the quality of life of Nigerians. Method: This study is a retrospective analysis of the assets of household in Nigeria collected during the 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus 2). We used the principal component analysis methods to construct wealth quintiles across households in Nigeria. At 5% significance level, we used ANOVA to determine differences in some health outcomes across the WQs and chi-square test to assess association between WQs and some reproductive health seeking behaviours. Result: The wealth quintiles were found to be internally valid and coherent. However, there is a wide gap in the reproductive health seeking behavior of household members across the wealth quintiles with members of households in lower quintiles having lesser likelihood (33.0%) to receive antenatal care than among those in the highest quintiles (91.9%). While only 3% were currently using modern contraceptives in the lowest wealth quintile, it was 17.4% among the highest wealth quintile (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The wealth quintiles showed a great disparity in the standard of living of Nigerian households across geo-political zones, states and rural–urban locations which had greatly influenced household health seeking behavior.Item A comparative analysis of fertility differentials in Ghana and Nigeria(Women's Health and Action Research Centre, 2014) Olatoregun, O.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akinyemi, O. J.; Yusuf, O. B.; Bamgboye, E. A.Nigeria and Ghana are the most densely populated countries in the West African sub-region with fertility levels above world average. Our study compared the two countries’ fertility levels and their determinants as well as the differentials in the effect of these factors across the two countries. We carried out a retrospective analysis of data from the Nigeria and Ghana Demographic Health Surveys, 2008. The sample of 33,385 and 4,916 women aged 15-49 years obtained in Nigeria and Ghana respectively was stratified into low, medium and high fertility using reported children ever born. Data was summarized using appropriate descriptive statistics. Factors influencing fertility were identified using ordinal logistic regression at 5% significance level. While unemployment significantly lowers fertility in Nigeria, it wasn’t significant in Ghana. In both countries, education, age at first marriage, marital status, urban-rural residence, wealth index and use of oral contraception were the main factors influencing high fertility levels.Item Re-analysis of Nigerian 2006 census age distribution using growth rate and mortality level(Population Association of Southern Africa, 2014) Adebowale, S. A.; Fagbamigbe, F. A.; Bamgboye, E. A.The usefulness of human population age structure in public health research is enormous, but age misreporting and an incomplete Vital Registration System (VRS) in Nigeria constitute a serious challenge. Age misreporting affects the true estimate of basic demographic parameters which are part of yardsticks for measuring the growth, development and well-being of a nation, thus the need to refine the age structure in Nigeria is important. This study was conceived with the view to refining the 2006 census age distribution using growth rate and mortality level. The Logit transformation system and Coale-Demeny life-table were used for data analyses. This study revealed that there was a gross age misstatement across all age categories, but age errors were more pronounced among females than males. The pattern of either under-reporting or over reporting of ages was similar for both sexes. Also, there was tendency to under-report ages 0 to 19 years and above 55 years, whereas gross over-reporting of age was observed in ages between 20 and 55 years. Good VRS and showing certificate of birth as evidence of age during census enumeration will reduce the errors in age reporting in future censuses in Nigeria.Item Contraceptive use: implication for completed fertility, parity progression and maternal nutritional status in Nigeria(Women's Health and Action Research Centre, 2011) Adebowale, S. A.; Fagbamigbe, F. A.; Bamgboye, E. A.The study identified socio-demographic factors influencing contraceptive use while using nutritional status, completed fertility and parity progression as key variables. NDHS, 2008 dataset on married women aged 45-49 was used. Chi-square, ordinary linear and logistic regression models were used for the analysis. The mean age of the women and CEB were 46.8±1.5 years and 6.9±3.1 respectively. About 26.0% of the women ever used contraception, while 9.0% of the women were underweight. Parity progression from parity 0 to 4 was consistently higher among never-users than women who ever used contraception. The tempo changes for all parities above four as ever-users now progress at lower rate during these periods. The completed fertility and the risk of undernourishment were significantly higher among never users of contraception than ever users. The level of risk persists even when the potential confounding variables were used as controlItem Gender variation in self-reported likelihood of HIV infection in comparison with HIV test results in rural and urban Nigeria(Biomed Central, 2011) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Adedokun, B. O.; Bamgboye, E. A.Background: Behaviour change which is highly influenced by risk perception is a major challenge that HIV prevention efforts need to confront. In this study, we examined the validity of self-reported likelihood of HIV infection among rural and urban reproductive age group Nigerians. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of Nigerians. We investigated the concordance between self-reported likelihood of HIV and actual results of HIV test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether selected respondents’ characteristics affect the validity of self-reports. Results: The HIV prevalence in the urban population was 3.8% (3.1% among males and 4.6% among females) and 3.5% in the rural areas (3.4% among males and 3.7% among females). Almost all the respondents who claimed they have high chances of being infected with HIV actually tested negative (91.6% in urban and 97.9% in rural areas). In contrast, only 8.5% in urban areas and 2.1% in rural areas, of those who claimed high chances of been HIV infected were actually HIV positive. About 2.9% and 4.3% from urban and rural areas respectively tested positive although they claimed very low chances of HIV infection. Age, gender, education and residence are factors associated with validity of respondents’ self-perceived risk of HIV infection. Conclusion: Self-perceived HIV risk is poorly sensitive and moderately specific in the prediction of HIV status. There are differences in the validity of self-perceived risk of HIV across rural and urban populations.