FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

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Author: search.filters.author.Oluwasanu, M.Start date: 2020

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Breast cancer in adolescents and young adults less than 40Years of age in Nigeria: a retrospective analysis
    (Hindawi Limited, 2022) Ntekim, A.; Oluwasanu, M.; Odukoya, O.
    Background. Breast cancer among adolescents and young adult (AYA) females aged 15-39 years is associated with different patterns of aggressiveness, as well as psychosocial and economic issues. At present, the burden of breast cancer among this age group is unknown in Nigeria. There is a need to determine the proportion of AYA with breast cancer in Nigeria. This will inform the development of breast cancer care programs appropriate for this age group. Objective. The objective of this study was to highlight the burden of breast cancer with an emphasis on AYAs in Nigeria and its implications. Methods. A retrospective review of data from cancer registries in Nigeria between 2009 and 2016 was carried out. Results. Among AYA females in Nigeria, breast cancer was by far the most common cancer, constituting 50% of all cancers and 51% (2798 of 5469) of all breast cancer cases. IA third (30.8%) of breast cancer cases in all centers studied were AYAs. Conclusion. The high proportion of AYA with breast cancer is an important feature suggesting that urgent actions are required to ensure early detection and improve breast cancer care among this age group.
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    Prevalence and factors Associated with alcohol Use in selected urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (SAGE Publications, 2023) Aremu,T.; Anibijuwon, I. B.; John‑Akinola, Y. O.; Oluwasanu, M.; Oladepo O.
    Nigeria is ranked high among African countries in the consumption of alcohol and the national adult per capita consumption was estimated at 12.3litres. Harmful alcohol use is the sixth leading cause of disability and deaths in Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol use in selected urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. This community-based cross sectional study was conducted among 500 respondents in two selected urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. The World Health Organization STEPS tool was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and the history of alcohol use. Alcohol users were categorized into ever consumed, current consumers, consumers within last 12 months, and frequent consumers within 30 days (low, medium, and high consumers).Chi-square analysis was used to identify factors associated with the different categories of alcohol consumption. The mean age of the respondents was 35.36_12.24 years. Almost one third of the participants (29.0%) reported they had ever consumed alcohol and (13.6%) had consumed alcohol within 30 days prior to the study. Factors significantly associated with the ever-use of alcohol were gender (p¼0.000), and income (p¼0.000). Current use of alcohol had a statistically significant relationship with male gender (p¼0.000). The prevalence of high alcohol use is low in the sample of urban communities studied, and factors influencing include sex, marital status, level of education, income. These results should inform policy decisions to address the alcohol use in urban communities in Southwest Nigeria.
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    The global role, impact, and limitations of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in breast cancer screening: a scoping review and recommendations to promote health equity for all
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2021) Hand, T.; Rosseau, N. A.; Stiles, C. E.; Sheih, T.; Ghandakly, E.; Oluwasanu, M.; Olopade, O. I.
    Introduction: Innovative interventions are needed to address the growing burden of breast cancer globally, especially among vulnerable patient populations. Given the success of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in addressing communicable diseases and non-commu-nicable diseases, this scoping review will investigate the roles and impacts of CHWs in breast cancer screening programs. This paper also seeks to determine the effectiveness and feasi-bility of these programs, with particular attention paid to differences between CHW-led interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Methods: A scoping review was performed using six databases with dates ranging from 1978 to 2019. Comprehensive definitions and search terms were established for ‘Community Health Workers’ and ‘breast cancer screening’, and studies were extracted using the World Bank definition of LMIC. Screening and data extraction were protocolized using multiple independent reviewers. Chi-square test of independence was used for statistical analysis of the incidence of themes in HICs and LMICs. Results: Of the 1,551 papers screened, 33 were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study locations included the United States (n=27), Bangladesh (n=1), Peru (n=1), Malawi (n=2), Rwanda (n=1), and South Africa (n=1). Three primary roles for CHWs in breast cancer screening were identified: education (n=30), direct assistance or performance of breast cancer screening (n=7), and navigational services (n=6). In these roles, CHWs improved rates of breast cancer screening (n=23) and overall community member knowledge (n=21). Two studies performed cost-analyses of CHW-led interventions. Conclusion: This review extends our understanding of CHW effectiveness to breast cancer screening. It illustrates how CHW involvement in screening programs can have a significant impact in LMICs and HICs, and highlights the three CHW roles of education, direct perfor-mance of screening, and navigational services that emerge as useful pillars around which governments and NGOs can design effective programs in this area.
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    Implementing oncology clinical trials in Nigeria: A model for Capacity building.
    (Springer Nature, 2020) Ntekim, A.; Ibraheem, A.; Sofoluwe, A.; Adepoju, T.; Oluwasanu, M.; Aniagwu, M.; Awolude, O.; Balogun,W.; Kotila, K.; Adejumo, P.; Babalola, C. P.; Arinola, G.; Ojengbede, O.; Olopade, C. O.; Olopade, O. I.
    Background: There is both higher mortality and morbidity from cancer in low and medium income countries (LMICs) compared with high income countries (HICs). Clinical trial activities and development of more effective and less toxic therapies have led to signi¦ cant improvements in morbidity and mortality from cancer in HICs. Unfortunately, clinical trials remain low in LMICs due to poor infrastructure and paucity of experienced personnel to execute clinical trials. There is an urgent need to build local capacity for evidence based treatment for cancer patients in LMICs. Methods: We conducted a survey at facilities in four Teaching Hospitals in South West Nigeria using a checklist of information on various aspects of clinical trial activities. The gaps identi¦ ed were addressed using resources sourced in partnership with investigators at HIC institutions. Results: De¦ cits in infrastructure were in areas of patient care such as availability of oncology pharmacists, standard laboratories and diagnostic facilities, clinical equipment maintenance and regular calibrations, trained personnel for clinical trial activities, investigational products handling and disposals and lack of standard operating procedures for clinical activities. There were two GCP trained personnel, two study coordinators and one research pharmacist across the four sites. Interventions were instituted to address the observed de¦ cits in all four sites which are now well positioned to undertake clinical trials in oncology. Training on all aspects of clinical trial was also provided. Conclusions: Partnerships with institutions in HICs can successfully identify, address, and improve de¦ cits in infrastructure for clinical trial in LMICs. The HICs should lead in providing funds, mentorship and training for LMIC institutions to improve and expand clinical trials in LMIC countries.
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    Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors in two states in Nigeria
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd (Wiley-Blackwell), 2029) Adebayo, A. M.; Adeniyi , B. O.; Oluwasanu, M.; Abiodun, H.; Ajuwon, G.; Ogbuji, Q. C.; Adewole, D.; Osho, A. J.; Olukolade, R.; Ladipo, D. A.; Ajuwon, A.
    Objective: To determine the treatment success rate among TB patients and associated factors in Anambra and Oyo, the two states with the largest burden of tuberculosis in Nigeria. Methods: A health facility record review for 2016 was conducted in the two states (Anambra and Oyo). A checklist was used to extract relevant information from the records kept in each of selected DOTS facilities to determine TB treatment success rates. Treatment success rate was defined as the proportion of new smear-positive TB cases registered under DOTS in a given year that successfully completed treatment, whether with bacteriologic evidence of success (“cured”) or without (“treatment completed”). Treatment success rate was classified into good (≥85%) and poor (<85%) success rates using the 85% national target for TB treatment outcome. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi square at p<0.05. Results: There were 1281 TB treatment enrollees in 2016 in Anambra and 3809 in Oyo (total=4835). An overall treatment success rate of 75.8% was achieved (Anambra-57.5%; Oyo-82.0%). The percentage cure rates were 61.5% for Anambra and 85.2% for Oyo. Overall, only 28.6% of the facilities in both states (Anambra-0.0%; Oyo-60.0%) had a good treatment success rate. More facilities in Anambra (100.0%) than Oyo (40.0%) had a poor treatment success rate (p<0.001), as did more private/FBO (100.0%) than public health facilities (60.0%) (p=0.009). All tertiary facilities had a poor treatment success rate followed by 87.5% of secondary health facilities and 56.5% of primary healthcare facilities (p=0.035). Conclusion: Treatment success and cure rates in Anambra state were below the 85.0% of the recommended target set by the WHO. Geographical location, and level/tier and type of facility were factors associated with this. Interventions are recommended to address these problems.