FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
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Item Intention and Concerns about HPV Vaccination among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(Nigerian Medical Association, 2023) Adeniyi, F. I.; John‑Akinola, Y. O.; Oluwasanu, M. M.; Oluwasanu, M. M.Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common sexually transmitted infection responsible for some cancers including cervical cancer. Despite nearly half of the Nigerian population being at risk (women <25), vaccination uptake against the infection is still less than 5%. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 300 in-school adolescents aged 15-19 years, across 15 private and public secondary schools in Ibadan-North and Ibadan North-West of Oyo State, whose parents gave consent. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v21. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to measure internal consistency reliability while categorical tables were compared using chi-square and regression analysis with a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 15.8 ± 0.84 years. Half of them were females (52.3%) and also attended private schools (56.3%). Very few of the respondents had heard about HPV (21.0%) and HPV vaccine (12.7%), however, more than half had heard about cervical cancer (55.3%). Few respondents had good knowledge (11.0%) and positive perception (27.0%) of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine. The major source of information was social media (46.2%). Half of the respondents reported intention to take the vaccine if recommended by their family doctor (56.3%) and if given parental approval (52.0%), however, many (60.7%) were concerned about the vaccine’s side effects.Conclusion: Findings show that parents and health workers influence adolescents’ HPV vaccination uptake.The study thus recommends the prioritization of parental involvement in HPV vaccination. Parents and health workers should therefore be targeted as key stakeholders in driving the awareness of HPV and uptake of HPV vaccine among adolescents.Item A cross-sectional study of the knowledge and screening practices of diabetes among adults in a south western Nigerian city(Pacini Editore SRL, Pisa, Italy, 2021) Osiberu, A. A.; Oluwasanu, M. M.; Omobowale, M.; John Akinola, Y.; Oladepo, O.Introduction. The control of diabetes depends largely on preventive actions often influenced by knowledge and awareness of the condition, its risk factors, complication, and management. This study assessed the awareness, knowledge, and practices regarding diabetes among adults in two communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among five hundred randomly selected non-diabetic respondents, aged 18 to 65 years. Data was collected using the pretested, modified version of the WHO STEPS instrument translated into Yoruba language. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. Majority of the respondents (89.6%) had previously heard about diabetes. Of these (n = 448), 31.8% were knowledgeable about diabetes and only 28% have ever had their blood glucose level measured by a doctor or other health professionals. Sex and monthly income were statistically associated with respondents’diabetes knowledge while age, religion, monthly income, employment status, marital status, ethnicity and level of education were statistically associated with screening practices (p < 0.05). Monthly income was found to be a significant predictor of the level of knowledge adjusted by sex. Earning N20,000 ($ 52.60) or less had higher odds of being knowledgeable compared to earning no income (OR 0.54, CI 0.35, 0.83). Conclusion. Though Diabetes awareness is high, knowledge gaps and poor screening practices is of concern. This calls for tailored multi-component, community-based, health education interventions.Item Knowledge of cervical cancer and barriers to screening among women in a city in Northern Nigeria(Springer, 2021-05-03) Hauwa, I.; Oluwasanu M. M.; John-Akinola, Y.; Oyewole, O. E.Aim This study assessed the knowledge of cervical cancer and barriers to cervical screening uptake among women of reproductive age in a city in Northern Nigeria to guide the development of interventions. Subject and Methods This was a cross-sectional study with women aged 15 to 49 years. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 230 women in Gombe state, Nigeria. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Results The respondents’ age was 29.6 ± 8.06 years and 52.2% were Muslims. Over one third (34.3%) have tertiary-level education. Few (4.8%) had good knowledge of cancer of the cervix. Only 9.5% of the respondents aged 25-49 years had undergone cervical cancer screening using pap smear test; the majority (90.5%) did not have access to cervical cancer screening services in their communities. Barriers to cervical cancer screening uptake were: low perception of risk (32.8%), screening not recommended by a health worker (32.8%), poor awareness (32.2%) and lack of of clinics for cervical cancer screening in their communities (31.5%). There was an association between respondents’ attitude, educational level, income, religion, availability of cervical cancer screening services in communities, and the uptake of cervical cancer screening (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study provides information on the barriers to cervical screening uptake by women of reproductive age in northern Nigeria. These highlight the need for multi-component, multi-level interventions in Northern Nigeria to improve knowledge on the benefits of cervical screening. Targeted interventions on the identified barriers are the key steps to eliminatethe challenges to cervical screening utilisation.Item Stocking pattern for anti-malarial medications among proprietary patent medicine vendors in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria(BioMed Central, 2020) Kodaolu, M. Y.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Ajayi, I. O.Background: Policymakers have recognized that proprietary patent medicine vendors (PPMVs) can provide an opportunity for efective scaling up of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) since they constitute a major source of malaria treatment in Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the stocking pattern for anti-malarial medications, knowledge of the recommended anti-malarial medicine among PPMVs in Akinyele Local Govern ment Area (LGA) of Oyo State, Nigeria and their perception on ways to improve PPMV adherence to stocking ACT medicines. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 PPMVs using a mixed method of data collection. Survey respondents were consecutively selected as a complete listing of all the PPMVs was not available. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and two focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted among PPMVs using a pretested FGD guide. Results: Most PPMVs stocked artemether-lumefantrine (90.9%), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (5.3%) and artesunate-amodiaquine (2.8%). Drugs contrary to the policy, which included sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, chloroquine, quinine, halofantrine, artesunate, and artemether were stocked by 93.8, 22.8, 0.6, 1.3, 6.6, and 7.8% of the PPMVs, respectively. Most PPMVs (96.3%) had good knowledge of artemether-lumefantrine as the first-line treatment for malaria and 2.8% had good knowledge of artesunate-amodiaquine as the alternate treatment for malaria. The major factors infuencing stocking decision were government recommendations (41.3%) and consumer demand (40.30%). Conclusion: Stocking of artemisinin-based combinations was high among PPMVs, although they also stocked and dispensed other anti-malarial drugs and this has serious implications for drug resistance development. The PPMVs had considerable knowledge of the recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria and stocking decisions were overwhelmingly driven by consumer demand. However, there is a need for more enlightenment on discontinuation of government-banned anti-malarial drugs.