FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Contraceptive use

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    A comparative analysis of the infuence of contraceptive use and fertility desire on the duration of second birth interval in four sub-Saharan African countries
    (BioMed Central, 2021) Afolabi, R. F.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Palamuleni, M. E.
    Background: Fertility decline characterised by inter-birth intervals remains rather slow or stall in many countries of sub-Saharan African (SSA). Non-adherence to optimal inter-birth intervals often occasioned by low prevalence of contraceptive use and high fertility desires often lead to poor maternal and child health outcomes. Additionally, information on the influence of contraception and fertility desire on interval between first and second births (SBI) is rarely available. This study therefore aimed to examine the influence of fertility desire and contraception on SBI among women in four SSA countries. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data on women aged 15–49 years who participated in the recent Demo graphic and Health Surveys in DR Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria and South Africa. Semi-parametric Cox proportional hazards regression was employed for the analysis at 5% significance level. Results: The median time to second birth was 34 months in DR Congo; 35 months, Nigeria; 42 months, Ethiopia; and 71 months, South Africa. About 70% of the women desired additional child(ren) and two-thirds have never used contraceptive in both Nigeria and DR Congo. The hazard of second birth was significantly lower among women who desired additional child(ren) compared to desired for no more child in DR Congo (aHR=0.93; CI: 0.89–0.97), Ethiopia (aHR=0.64; CI: 0.61–0.67) and South Africa (aHR=0.51; CI: 0.47–0.55). Women who had never used contraceptive were 12%, 20% and 24% more likely to lengthen SBI than those who were current users in DR Congo, Nigeria and South Africa respectively. DR Congo and Nigerian women were about two times more likely to shorten SBI compared with their South African counterparts. Other significant determinants of SBI include ethnicity, rural residential, age and marital status at first birth, wealth and employment status. Conclusion: Findings showed differentials in the linkage between second birth interval and the desired fertility and contraception by country, demonstrating the importance of context. The contribution of these factors to second birth interval requires country context-specific attention if further decline in fertility and poor health outcomes associated with sub-optimal inter-birth interval is to be attained in SSA.
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    Contraceptive use: implication for completed fertility, parity progression and maternal nutritional status in Nigeria
    (Women's Health and Action Research Centre, 2011) Adebowale, S. A.; Fagbamigbe, F. A.; Bamgboye, E. A.
    The study identified socio-demographic factors influencing contraceptive use while using nutritional status, completed fertility and parity progression as key variables. NDHS, 2008 dataset on married women aged 45-49 was used. Chi-square, ordinary linear and logistic regression models were used for the analysis. The mean age of the women and CEB were 46.8±1.5 years and 6.9±3.1 respectively. About 26.0% of the women ever used contraception, while 9.0% of the women were underweight. Parity progression from parity 0 to 4 was consistently higher among never-users than women who ever used contraception. The tempo changes for all parities above four as ever-users now progress at lower rate during these periods. The completed fertility and the risk of undernourishment were significantly higher among never users of contraception than ever users. The level of risk persists even when the potential confounding variables were used as control
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    Utilisation of modern contraceptive among women of childbearing age in resource constraint setting: evidence from 2008 national demographic and health survey in Nigeria
    (Scientific & Academic Publishing, 2014) Igbodekwe, F. C.; Oladimeji, O. O.; Oladimeji, K. E.; Adeoye, I. A.; Akpa, O. M.; Lawson, L.
    Nigerian women are known to have high fertility rates and a low utilization of modern contraceptives. Understanding the factors affecting the use of contraceptives using a nationally representative data is crucial to tackling the low prevalence of contraceptive use in Nigeria. Methods: Secondary dataset of 33,385 women aged 15-49 years, who participated in the 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey was analysed. We calculated contraceptive prevalence rates for various population sub-groups, and examined the association between socio-demographic characteristics and current modern contraceptive use, using multiple logistic regressions. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 31.1±8.8 years. Current contraceptive prevalence rate was 13.2%, while that of modern methods was 9.4%. The significant factors associated with the utilization of contraceptives were urban residence (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.35), being a working class woman (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.35), being educated (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.35), parity (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.35), being wealthy (OR=2.62, 95%CI=2.14-3.21). Importantly, the likelihood utilization varied across the gradient of wealth. Women in richest (OR=2.62, 95%CI=2.14-3.21), richer (OR=2.44, 95%CI=2 .02-2.94), and middle (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.48-2.14) wealth quintiles were more likely to use modern method compared to women in the poorest category. Conclusions: Prevalence rates were very low across virtually all segments of the population. Concerted efforts are required to increase use of modern methods of contraception.