FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
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Item Intention and Concerns about HPV Vaccination among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(Nigerian Medical Association, 2023) Adeniyi, F. I.; John‑Akinola, Y. O.; Oluwasanu, M. M.; Oluwasanu, M. M.Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common sexually transmitted infection responsible for some cancers including cervical cancer. Despite nearly half of the Nigerian population being at risk (women <25), vaccination uptake against the infection is still less than 5%. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 300 in-school adolescents aged 15-19 years, across 15 private and public secondary schools in Ibadan-North and Ibadan North-West of Oyo State, whose parents gave consent. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v21. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to measure internal consistency reliability while categorical tables were compared using chi-square and regression analysis with a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 15.8 ± 0.84 years. Half of them were females (52.3%) and also attended private schools (56.3%). Very few of the respondents had heard about HPV (21.0%) and HPV vaccine (12.7%), however, more than half had heard about cervical cancer (55.3%). Few respondents had good knowledge (11.0%) and positive perception (27.0%) of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine. The major source of information was social media (46.2%). Half of the respondents reported intention to take the vaccine if recommended by their family doctor (56.3%) and if given parental approval (52.0%), however, many (60.7%) were concerned about the vaccine’s side effects.Conclusion: Findings show that parents and health workers influence adolescents’ HPV vaccination uptake.The study thus recommends the prioritization of parental involvement in HPV vaccination. Parents and health workers should therefore be targeted as key stakeholders in driving the awareness of HPV and uptake of HPV vaccine among adolescents.Item A cross-sectional study of the knowledge and screening practices of diabetes among adults in a south western Nigerian city(Pacini Editore SRL, Pisa, Italy, 2021) Osiberu, A. A.; Oluwasanu, M. M.; Omobowale, M.; John Akinola, Y.; Oladepo, O.Introduction. The control of diabetes depends largely on preventive actions often influenced by knowledge and awareness of the condition, its risk factors, complication, and management. This study assessed the awareness, knowledge, and practices regarding diabetes among adults in two communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among five hundred randomly selected non-diabetic respondents, aged 18 to 65 years. Data was collected using the pretested, modified version of the WHO STEPS instrument translated into Yoruba language. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. Majority of the respondents (89.6%) had previously heard about diabetes. Of these (n = 448), 31.8% were knowledgeable about diabetes and only 28% have ever had their blood glucose level measured by a doctor or other health professionals. Sex and monthly income were statistically associated with respondents’diabetes knowledge while age, religion, monthly income, employment status, marital status, ethnicity and level of education were statistically associated with screening practices (p < 0.05). Monthly income was found to be a significant predictor of the level of knowledge adjusted by sex. Earning N20,000 ($ 52.60) or less had higher odds of being knowledgeable compared to earning no income (OR 0.54, CI 0.35, 0.83). Conclusion. Though Diabetes awareness is high, knowledge gaps and poor screening practices is of concern. This calls for tailored multi-component, community-based, health education interventions.Item Knowledge of cervical cancer and barriers to screening among women in a city in Northern Nigeria(Springer, 2021-05-03) Hauwa, I.; Oluwasanu M. M.; John-Akinola, Y.; Oyewole, O. E.Aim This study assessed the knowledge of cervical cancer and barriers to cervical screening uptake among women of reproductive age in a city in Northern Nigeria to guide the development of interventions. Subject and Methods This was a cross-sectional study with women aged 15 to 49 years. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 230 women in Gombe state, Nigeria. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Results The respondents’ age was 29.6 ± 8.06 years and 52.2% were Muslims. Over one third (34.3%) have tertiary-level education. Few (4.8%) had good knowledge of cancer of the cervix. Only 9.5% of the respondents aged 25-49 years had undergone cervical cancer screening using pap smear test; the majority (90.5%) did not have access to cervical cancer screening services in their communities. Barriers to cervical cancer screening uptake were: low perception of risk (32.8%), screening not recommended by a health worker (32.8%), poor awareness (32.2%) and lack of of clinics for cervical cancer screening in their communities (31.5%). There was an association between respondents’ attitude, educational level, income, religion, availability of cervical cancer screening services in communities, and the uptake of cervical cancer screening (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study provides information on the barriers to cervical screening uptake by women of reproductive age in northern Nigeria. These highlight the need for multi-component, multi-level interventions in Northern Nigeria to improve knowledge on the benefits of cervical screening. Targeted interventions on the identified barriers are the key steps to eliminatethe challenges to cervical screening utilisation.Item Stocking pattern for anti-malarial medications among proprietary patent medicine vendors in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria(BioMed Central, 2020) Kodaolu, M. Y.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Ajayi, I. O.Background: Policymakers have recognized that proprietary patent medicine vendors (PPMVs) can provide an opportunity for efective scaling up of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) since they constitute a major source of malaria treatment in Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the stocking pattern for anti-malarial medications, knowledge of the recommended anti-malarial medicine among PPMVs in Akinyele Local Govern ment Area (LGA) of Oyo State, Nigeria and their perception on ways to improve PPMV adherence to stocking ACT medicines. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 PPMVs using a mixed method of data collection. Survey respondents were consecutively selected as a complete listing of all the PPMVs was not available. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and two focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted among PPMVs using a pretested FGD guide. Results: Most PPMVs stocked artemether-lumefantrine (90.9%), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (5.3%) and artesunate-amodiaquine (2.8%). Drugs contrary to the policy, which included sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, chloroquine, quinine, halofantrine, artesunate, and artemether were stocked by 93.8, 22.8, 0.6, 1.3, 6.6, and 7.8% of the PPMVs, respectively. Most PPMVs (96.3%) had good knowledge of artemether-lumefantrine as the first-line treatment for malaria and 2.8% had good knowledge of artesunate-amodiaquine as the alternate treatment for malaria. The major factors infuencing stocking decision were government recommendations (41.3%) and consumer demand (40.30%). Conclusion: Stocking of artemisinin-based combinations was high among PPMVs, although they also stocked and dispensed other anti-malarial drugs and this has serious implications for drug resistance development. The PPMVs had considerable knowledge of the recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria and stocking decisions were overwhelmingly driven by consumer demand. However, there is a need for more enlightenment on discontinuation of government-banned anti-malarial drugs.Item Practice, knowledge and perceptions of antenatal care services among pregnant women and nursing mothers in Southwest Nigeria(Global Health and Education Projects, Inc., 2013) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akanbiemu, F. A.; Adebowale, A. S.; Olumide A, A. M.; Korter, G.High maternal death in Nigeria is a concern to public health practitioners. Knowledge and perception of antenatal care (ANC) by pregnant women and nursing mothers are important in usage of ANC facilities. This study bridged existing gap in inadequate report of perception and knowledge about ANC services. We conducted cross-sectional study among 460 randomly selected pregnant women and nursing mothers in Okitipupa local government area and used questionnaire to collect data on antenatal issues. ANC Knowledge was measured using point scores. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test (α=5.0%). Almost two third of respondents (64.1%) had negative perception about ANC. ANC know ledge of about 15% was good, 61.1% moderate and 58(12.9%) was low. Age, husbands’ education level, place of ANC ser vice, sources of information about ANC were significantly associated to knowledge and perceptions of ANC. Knowledge and utilization of ANC were high, but perception was inadequate.Item Knowledge and Practices Relating To Domestic Accident among Mothers of Pre-School Children in Ibadan Southwest Local Government Area, Nigeria(2013) Arulogun,O. S.; Ikolo, O.; Oluwasanu, M.The study assessed the knowledge and practices for domestic accident among 756 mothers of preschool children in Ibadan Southwest Local Government Area, Nigeria. Pretested questionnaire with a 15-point knowledge scale relating to domestic accident prevention was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Mean age of respondents was 28.7±5.8 years and 97.8% had at least primary school education. About 30.3% of mothers place cooking utensils on the floor and 46.0% reported domestic accidents [falls (47.0%), burns (23.5%) and ingestion of kerosene (8.4%)] in their preschool children. Domestic accidents were perceived as not totally preventable (85.3%) and part of children’s development (50.8%). Preventive practices employed included consistent monitoring of preschool children (58.5) and keeping drugs in secured boxes (55.5%). Self responsibility (58.1%), perceived danger (37.0%) and fear of husband’s reaction (32.7%) were main influences for adoption of the preventive behaviour. Although knowledge on the causes and prevention of domestic accidents was high among the respondents, preventive practices need to be strengthened. Educational interventions such as training and public enlightenment aimed at empowering mothers and significant others to be more involved in the prevention of domestic accidents among their preschool children are recommended.Item Knowledge and practice of pain management among nurses in labour wards in Ibadan, Nigeria(MA Healthcare, 2016) Ojerinde, O. E.; Onibokun, A.; Akpa, O. M.Background: It is not clear whether awareness of pain management has influenced the management of labour pain by nurse/midwives in Ibadan, Nigeria. Many women in labour do not get optimal pain relief, despite awareness of the importance of pain management. Aims: This study aimed to assess knowledge and practice of labour pain management among nurse/midwives in Ibadan. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 87 nurse/ midwives on duty in labour rooms of three hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s and Kendall’s correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 at 5% level of significance. Findings: Two thirds of respondents (66.7%) had a moderate level of knowledge, and 34.5% managed labour pain through back massage/psychotherapy. Knowledge of pain management was associated with level of education (τ =0.82; P (τ =0.82; P<0.001) while good practice of pain management was associated with good knowledge (r =0.49; P<0.001). The association between good practice and years of working experience just failed to be statistically significant (P=0.06). Conclusions: Nurse/midwives in Ibadan have moderate knowledge of labour pain management. Participants in this study primarily used back massage and psychotherapy. There is need for improvement in knowledge of labour pain management through continuing education for nurse/midwives in Ibadan.Item FACTORS AFFECTING LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS FOR MENOPAUSE AMONG PRE-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN LEO COMMUNITY, IDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2014-12) OMIDOYIN, F.O.Menopause is a phase in women’s reproductive life often characterized with many health challenges. Previous studies have revealed that there are gaps in knowledge, wrong perceptions and level of preparedness relating to menopause among pre-menopausal women. This study explored level of preparedness for menopause among pre-menopausal women in Leyaju, Elere and Oloko (LEO) community, Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State. Study sample was calculated using Kish and Leslie formular and a three-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 426 women aged 30-44 years from LEO community. Six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to determine the discussants level of preparedness for menopause, their knowledge and perception about menopause. A validated interviewer administered questionnaire containing 33-point knowledge and 5-point level of preparedness scales were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of menopause and level of preparedness. Scores of ≤ 16 and ≥ 17 points were regarded as low and high knowledge respectively while scores of ≤ 1, 2 and ≥ 3 were considered as not prepared, slightly prepared and very prepared respectively. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive, Chi-square and logistic regression while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The mean age of the respondents was 36.6 4.5 years and 86.9% were married. About eleven percent of the respondents had no formal education and 40.6% had secondary education. Majority (89.0%) of the respondents were Yoruba and 76.0% had ever heard about menopause. Sources of information on menopause included, relatives (36.0%), health care providers (18.1%), radio (13.4%), friends (12.0%) and internet (2.1%). Respondents’ mean knowledge score on menopause was 11.6 2.5. The mean knowledge scores by level of preparedness were: not prepared (5.7 ± 2.1), slightly prepared (10.6 ± 2.9) and very prepared (18.5 ± 2.5) with a significant difference (p<0.05). Only 45.8% of respondents were prepared for menopause and of this, 49.5% viewed themselves as very prepared. Less than half (28.4%) of the respondents aged 30-34 years and 56.9% of respondents aged 40-44 years were prepared for menopause (p<0.05). Respondents’ level of education was not significantly associated with the knowledge of menopause. Women who had good knowledge about menopause were more likely (O.R=5.0, C.I=2.3-10.7) to be prepared for menopause than those who had poor knowledge. The FGD participants expressed concerns about the health challenges related to menopause. A few of the participants opined that menopause gets in the way of conception. Levels of preparedness and knowledge of menopause were poor. Public enlightenment and community-based education on menopause should be directed towards improving knowledge and level of preparedness for menopause among young women.