FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH

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    Survival analysis and prognostic factors of time to first domestic violence after marriage among Nigeria, Kenya, and Mozambique women
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akintayo, A. O.; Oshodi, O. C.; Makinde, F. T.; Babalola, M.; Araoye, E. D.; Enabor, O. C.; Dairo, M. D.
    Objectives: How soon an ever-married woman falls a victim of domestic violence after marriage is not documented in Africa. This study sought to assess the timing of first domestic violence (FDV) against women after marriage and determined the factors associated with the timings in Nigeria, Kenya, and Mozambique. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: Data of 29,793 ever-married women of reproductive age consisting of 21,564, 4237 and 3992 from Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Nigeria (2013), Kenya (2014) and Mozambique (2011), respectively, were used. The timing of FDV was the time interval between marriage date and date of the FDV for those with reported violence but censored as the time interval between marriage date and the survey date for those without domestic violence. Survival analysis techniques were used to assess the timing and the factors influencing the timing at (P ¼ 0.05). Results: The lifetime prevalence of domestic violence among the ever-married women in Nigeria, Kenya and Mozambique was 15.4%, 39.0% and 31.0%, respectively. The overall median time to FDV was 3 years. The risk of FDV was twice higher in Kenya (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) ¼ 1.934; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.729e2.132) and 15% higher in Mozambique (aHR ¼ 1.156; 95% CI: 1.156e1.223) than in Nigeria. The hazard of domestic violence was significantly higher among separated/divorced women across the three countries (aHR ¼ 1.326; 95% CI: 1.237e1.801). Other factors associated with the timing of FDV against women were respondents' education, age at first marriage, region and location of residence, religion, ethnicity, employment status, wealth quintile, spouse consuming alcohol and husbands' educational attainment. Conclusions: Domestic violence against married women by their intimate partners is prevalent across Mozambique, Nigeria and Kenya, with earlier occurrences in Kenya and Mozambique. Age at first marriage, education factors, religion, ethnicity and region of residence in each country affected the timing of the first incidence of domestic violence.
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    Survival analysis and prognostic factors associated with the timing of first forced sexual act among women in Kenya, Zimbabwe and Cote d‘Ivoire
    (Elsevier B.V, 2019) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Abi, R.; Akinwumi, T.; Ogunsuji, O.; Odigwe, A.; Olowolafe, T.
    The paucity of information on the age at which Forced Sexual Act (FSA) among women occur and the factors affecting the timings in Africa necessitated this study. We assessed the timing of first FSA and its prognostic factors among women in three African countries. We used sexual violence data of 18,528 women aged 15–49 years who participated in Zimbabwe (2011), Kenya (2014), and Cote d’Ivoire (2014) demographic and health surveys. The time of first FSA was censored as the current age of women who had not experienced FSA. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard model were used at p = 0.05. The proportion who had ever experienced FSA was 13.9%, 21.7% & 27.2% while median time to FSA was 17, 20 & 18 years in Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Cote d’Ivoire respectively. The highest (41.8%) lifetime prevalence of forced sexual act was among divorced/separated women in Cote D’Ivoire. Women aged 15–19 years had earlier risk of FSA: Kenya (aHR = 3.60 (95% CI:2.43–5.34)), Zimbabwe (aHR = 2.91 (95% CI:2.32–3.65)), and Cote d’Ivoire (aHR = 2.72 (95% CI:2.22–3.33)) than women aged 40–49 years. Other significant prognostic factors of time of FSA are marital status, place of residence, employment status, religion, wealth index, and education. There are generational shifts in timing of first forced sexual act among women with girls born in the 1990s becoming victims at earlier ages than those born in the 1960s and 1970s. There is a need for a multi-sectoral approach to reduce the prevalence and halt the negative trend in forced sexual act in Africa.