DEPARTMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION
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Item Employment generation programmes and women empowerment in Nigeria(2019) Erikitola, J. O.; Omoregie, C. O.Women employment and empowerment is the critical goal of employment programme in Nigeria in driving productive and sustainable economy. Thus, this study objectively investigates the impacts of employment generation programme on women empowerment in Ogun State, Nigeria. The researcher adopts descriptive survey research method and use a self-constructed questionnaire to elicit information from the randomly selected respondents. One Hundred and Twenty (120) respondents of the total population (comprising of women beneficiaries of the employment generation programme of the skill acquisition outfits at Ijebu-Ode, and Ijebu-Ibefun as well as that of the Ogun State Ministry of Women Affairs) were sampled. The data collated was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency count, simple percentage and mean (using a cut-off mean score of 0.5 rating scale) to answer the research questions while the null hypotheses 1 and 2 were tested with Chi-square at P<0.05. The result shows that demographic characteristics (i.e. marital status, educational qualification and employment status) do have significant influence on the women empowerment programmes as it is positively embarked on by young, married and highly educated women. It was also realized that although, training centres, catering tools, tie and dye materials and cloth sewing machine were moderately available facilities for women empowerment programme; their availability and diverse activities during the programme is not significantly determined the women sustainable empowerment. The result also revealed major persistent challenge of the programme is highly unemployed women community. Thus, the study justifiably recommends that incorporation of more entrepreneurs, accommodation of more young school leavers, provision of more training tools and motivating interest of learning with attractive compensation can go a long way in assuring the quality of employment programmes to ensure stable and productive empowerment of women community.Item African cultures and the challenges of quality education for sustainable development(2018) Amponsah, S.; Omoregie, C. O.; Ansah, B. O.In 2015, the world, through UNESCO adopted the 2030 agenda for sustainable development floated on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to “transform our world.” SDG4 titled Quality Education seeks to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all and promote lifelong learning.” An ordinary look at SDG4 would make it appear as an extension of Education for All. However, there are differences. One difference that stands out is the undercurrent of the need to connect education to the key indicators of existence in its context especially through learning and equity. SDG4, as indeed many policies and agenda at the global level, tends to face challenges peculiar to the uniqueness of the African continent. Most governments struggle to include such goals in their national plans in ways that connect the real context of their people. One major area of concern for us is the area of culture where most programmes introduced into Africa, including into schools, are dressed in cultures foreign to the receiving communities. The authors of this paper argue that for SDG4 and similar programmes to fulfill their objective; they must find ways of embracing and adapting authentic African culture. The authors theorise in literature and use African cultures to drive its analysis. We conclude that African culture is the most viable framework for ensuring quality education that causes and sustains development along the lines envisaged by SDG4.Item Utilisation of media technologies for distance and lifelong education in Africa(2014) Omoregie, C. O.Media technologies of television, radio, computer and internet offer flexible and formidable facilities for open distance education and lifelong education for Africa. Yet benefits of these media in attaining goals of distance and lifelong education face challenges of policy issues and organisation.Item PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND FAMILY INTEGRATION AS DETERMINANTS OF PALLIATIVE CARE OF TERMINALLY-ILL PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN NIGERIA(2019-05) BANJO O.OThe abuse of cannabis among undergraduates comes with adverse health and psychosocial consequences on the adolescents and the society at large. Previous studies have focused largely on its predisposing factors and the general treatment of its associated depression and disorder symptoms with little emphasis on how to encourage abstinence among undergraduates. This study, therefore, was designed to determine the effect of Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) as well as the moderating effects of gender and age at on-set on cannabis use among undergraduates in private universities in southwestern Nigeria. The study was anchored to the Domain Model and Social Cognitive Theory, while the mixed method of survey and pretest-posttest, control group quasi experimental design of 2x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Two private universities (Babcock and Adeleke) in the Southwest, Nigeria that conduct drug screening for students were purposively selected and randomly assigned to MET (Babcock- 25) and control (Adeleke-15). Treatment lasted for eight weeks. Clinical drug screening kit, Adolescent Cannabis Problem Questionnaire (CPQ-A) (r=0.73), MET guides and non-participant observation (for four weeks) were used for data collection. Data were analysed using, descriptive statistics, Analysis of covariance and content analysis at 0.05 level of significance. Participants were mostly male (75.0%) with mean age of 20± 2.8 years. Participants’ mean age at on-set for cannabis use was 17± 2.7 years. Treatment had a significant main effect on cannabis use among undergraduates (F(1; 39)=23.45, partial η2=0.45). Participants in MET had a higher post-treatment mean score (63.123) than those in control group (58.41). Gender had a significant main effect on cannabis use (F(1; 38)=10.790, partial η2=0.27), while age at on-set had none. Male participants had a higher post-treatment mean score (62.73) than female (59.74). The two-way and three-way interaction effects were not significant. Some of the participants made informed decisions of quitting cannabis use completely and others hinged their temporal abstinence on the fear of the consequences of being reprimanded. Motivational enhancement therapy was effective in bolstering internally motivated cannabis abstinence among undergraduates in selected private universities in southwestern, Nigeria. The intervention should, therefore, be incorporated as part of the universities’ drug rehabilitation policy to encourage drug abstinence among students who are challenged with drug use, particularly the female students regardless of their age at commencement of cannabis usage.Item PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND FAMILY INTEGRATION AS DETERMINANTS OF PALLIATIVE CARE OF TERMINALLY-ILL PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN NIGERIA(2015-05) SANDA, M.O.Orthodox medical practice has brought about access to diagnosis and modern healthcare through the palliative care system to treat the terminally-ill, thereby improving their quality of life. This treatment of the terminally-ill utilises medical diagnostic interventions with little or no consideration for psychosocial supports and family integration which are at the core of the palliative care system. This study, therefore, investigated the psychosocial supports (diversional, behavioural, emotional, counselling services, companionship, spirituality, rehabilitative supports and regular visitation) and family integration (financial assistance, life-style modification and re-allocation of roles) as determinants of palliative care of terminally-ill patients at University College Hospital, (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design. The UCH was purposively selected. Proportionate and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select 587 respondents, namely, 183 health workers (50 doctors, 83 nurses, 24 physiotherapists and 26 social workers), 202 terminally-ill patients and 202 family caregivers from purposively selected eight wards and three out-patient clinics. Three instruments were used: Psychosocial Support Scale (r=0.67), Family Integration Scale (r=0.65) and Palliative Care Services Scale (r=0.71). These were complemented with ten sessions of in depth interview with the health workers, terminally-ill patients and family caregivers. Two research questions were answered and three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression and content analyses. The respondents were 218 male, and 369 female with age of 38.54, ±SD=9.78; with 202 terminally-ill patients; cancer (86), cardiac problems (42), neurological disorders (33), end stage kidney problems (22) and HIV/AIDS (19). Psychosocial supports and family integration significantly correlated with palliative care of the terminally-ill (F(12.189)= 25.25, R=.79); and jointly accounted for 62.0% of the variance in their palliative care. Psychosocial supports (β = .55) and family integration (β= .51) relatively contributed to the palliative care system. Components of psychological supports had significant positive relationship with palliative care as follows: emotional support (r=.69), diversional support (r=.54), behavioural support (r=.50) and counseling services (r=.45). Also, components of social supports had positive relationship with palliative care: regular visitation (r=.41), spirituality (r= .33), rehabilitative support (r= .308) and companionship (r= .066). Observed relationship among family integration factors and palliative care were: financial assistance (r=.65), life-style modification (r=.32) and reallocation of roles (r=.32). Problems facing the utilisation of palliative care system include: irregular training on palliative care for health workers (64.0%), problem of early diagnosis (62.0%), non-availability of pain control medication (58.2%) and non-affordability of treatment (23.0%). Patients expressed anxiety over the outcome of illness, difficulty in adaptation to life style modification and fear of death in the face of poor patient-health workers communication. Psychosocial support and family integration positively influenced palliative care system for the terminally-ill patients at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Therefore, adequate provision of funds, pain control medication and staff retraining are required to ensure effective treatment in palliative care. In addition, the terminally-ills and their family members should be appropriately counselled on the need for life-style modifications and role reallocation.Item VISUAL-BASED TRAINING METHOD AND SAFE PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN THE BREWING INDUSTRY IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA(2019-08) ADEPOJU, H.F.Managements of breweries in Nigeria always ensure protective and safety measures and standards owing to the unsafe working environment which makes the workers prone to accidents and injuries. Nevertheless, most workers still exhibit work behaviours that expose them to fatalities and accidents. Most of these accidents are avoidable, if the workers are well trained to promote safety and ensure compliance with safety measures using activity-based training methods. Previous studies have focused more on other activity-based methods, such as syndicate training, guided practice, blended learning and role playing, than the visual-based training method. This study, therefore, was designed to determine the effects of visual-based training method on safe production practices (SPP) in the brewing industry in southwestern Nigeria. Moderating effects of job tenure and education level were also examined. Dual-coding and cognitive theories of multimedia learning provided the framework. The mixed method of survey and pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design of 2x3x3 factorial matrix was adopted. International Breweries PLC, Ilesa (treatment) and Nigerian Breweries PLC, Ibadan (control) were used. Seventy-eight production workers with records of safety negligence were purposively selected and randomly assigned to treatment (46) and control (32) groups. The instruments used were Visual-based Training Guides, SPP Questionnaire (r=0.78) and Knowledge (r=0.74) Attitude (r=0.78) and Management (r=0.77) of Brewing Safe Practices Questionnaire. Four sessions each of key informant and in-depth interviews were held with the human resource/safety managers and safety committees’ representatives/ unit supervisors. Quantitative data were analysed using percentages and Analysis of Covariance at 0.05 level of significance, while qualitative data were content-analysed. The participants were mostly males (74.0%), with 35.6 ±5.13 years of age; and from the brew house (36.3%), engineering (28.8%), packaging (28.2%) and other units (6.7%) on monthly salary of N51,000.00 (64.0%). The majority were permanent workers (92.2%), married (72.9%), first degree (42.4%) and Higher National Diploma holders (46.3%) with long job tenures (73.5%). Treatment had a significant main effect on SPP (F(1;175)=10.22; partial ŋ2=.03). The participants in the treatment group had a higher postmean score (50.63) than those in the control (44.83) group. Job tenure had a significant main effect on SPP (F(2;174)=3.00; partial ŋ2=.03). The participants with long job tenure had the highest postmean score (49.82), compared with those with medium (47.70) and short (47.73) length of service. Education level had a significant main effect on SPP (F(2;174)=3.27; partial ŋ2=.04). The participants that were highly educated had the highest postmean score (49.36) compared with those who were moderately educated (47.97) and less educated (42.86). While the two-way interaction effects were not significant, the three-way interaction effect was significant (F(2;164)=3.32; partial ŋ2= .04). Owing to the nonchallant attitude and use of mobile telephones, most workers did not comply with standard operation procedures, especially when on night shifts. Visual-based training method was effective in promoting safe production practices in the brewing organisations in southwestern Nigeria. Therefore, this training method should be used regularly in inculcating safety measures and compliance in brew staff, particularly those with short job tenures and low education.Item SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF ADOLESCENTS IN FOSTER HOMES IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA(2015-05) OLUWAMOTEMI, C.A.Adolescents in Foster Homes (AFHs) often experience negative psychological and developmental problems, which have grave consequences on their Emotional Well-being (EWB) and Social Well-being (SWB), with an attendant effect on their future lifestyles. Previous studies have focused more on AFHs’ deviant behaviour, school adjustment and psychological well-being than on EWB and SWB as well as their predisposing factors. This study, therefore, determined the extent to which socio-environmental factors (peer influence, foster officials’ religious beliefs, media exposure, exposure to drug/substance use, neighbourhood characteristics, school climate and foster home climate) determined EWB and SWB of AFHs in Southwestern Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select 27 foster homes (nine public, 18 private) from the six states in Southwestern Nigeria. A combination of stratified, proportionate and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 575 AFHs inmates (339 boys, 236 girls). Socio-environmental Factors Scale (r=0.72), Emotional Well-being Scale (r=0.65), Social Well-being Scale (r=0.67) and Adolescent Fostering Scale (r=0.69) were used for the data collection. These were complemented with four Group Key Informant Interviews involving Chief Welfare Officers and assistants of four of the foster homes, and three Focus Group Discussions with AFHs. Four research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regressions, while qualitative data were content analysed. Socio-environmental factors significantly influenced the EWB and SWB of AFHs (F(6,568) = 8.37, R= .29), accounting for 8.0% and 11.0% in the variance of EWB and SWB respectively. Foster home climate (β= 0.16), foster officials’ religious beliefs (β= 0.15), school climate (β= 0.13), peer influence (β= 0.91), media exposure (β= 0.09), neighbourhood characteristics (β= -0.23) and exposure to drug/substance use (β= -0.01) had relative contributions to EWB and SWB of AFHs. Furthermore, the socio-environmental factors correlated positively with the indices of emotional well-being of the AFHs as follows: self-concept (r= 0.09), self-esteem (r= 0.08), behavioural control (r= 0.07), stress management skills (r= 0.06) and resilience skills (r=0.06). Also, socio-environmental factors correlated positively with the indices of SWB as follows: environmental management skill (r= 0.08), sustained relationships (r= 0.07), good school performance (r= 0.07), assertiveness skills (r= 0.06), good social interaction (r= 0.06) and good communication skills (r= 0.05). The fostered boys had better EWB and SWB (x ̅ = 57.0, 60.3) than the girls (x ̅= 54.9, 56.6), while the girls (x ̅= 22.1) exhibited good social skills and trust than the boys (x ̅= 18.0). Also, the private fostered adolescents (x ̅= 18.0) exhibited signs of greater comfort than those in the public homes (x ̅= 15.9). The AFHs were faced with the problems of attachment disorder, unhealthy development and low academic achievement. Foster home climate, foster officials’ religious beliefs, school climate, peer influence and media exposure positively influenced the emotional and social well-being of adolescents in foster homes in Southwestern Nigeria. Therefore, better social environment should be constantly sustained in foster care to ameliorate negative development of inmates.Item ORGANISATIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS AS CORRELATES OFWORKERS’ JOB INVOLVEMENT IN CIVIL SERVICE ESTABLISHMENTS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2016-09) SANYA, E.ALow Job Involvement (JI) of civil servants has impacted negatively on individual and organisational goal achievement in the civil service. Low JI has brought about low productivity which eventually affects the rates of economic growth and development. Previous studies have largely focused on JI in the private enterprise with associated personal variables with little attention on combined organisational and individual factors. This study, therefore, examined the extent to which organisational factors (Training Opportunities (TO), Leadership Style (LS), Communication System (CS), Environmental Variability (EV), Gender Policy (GP) and individual factors (sex, Educational Attainment (EA), Emotional Intelligence (EI), Social Interaction (SI), Workers Perception (WP) and Career Orientation (CO) correlate with JI (Team Spirit (TS), Sense of Responsibility (SR), Prompt and Regular Office Attendance (PROA), Enthusiasm on the Job (EJ), Work Inclusion (WI) and Internal Motivation (IM) in civil service establishments in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on Vroom’s theory and descriptive survey design was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select six each of state and federal core service-oriented civil service establishments (Ministries of Information, Lands, Works, Health, Environment and Agric) because of their acceptability to study their establishment. Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting 812 civil servants across the 12 selected establishments. Training opportunities (r=0.81), LS (r=0.78), CS (r=0.84), EV (r=0.85), GP (r=0.76), EI (r=0.89), SI (r=0.75), WP (r=0.87), CO (r=0.77) and Workers’ Job Involvement (r=0.80) scales were used for data collection. These were complemented with 12 In-depth Interview sessions with one civil servant from each establishment. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, t-test and Multiple regression were used to analyse quantitative data at 0.05 level of significance while qualitative data were content analysed. All the components of JI were observed to be low: prompt and regular office attendance (27.1%), team spirit (30.0%), work inclusion (34.5%), job enthusiasm (35.5%), sense of responsibility (39.4%) and internal motivation (39.4%). Organisational and individual factors had joint significant correlation (R=0.80) with JI in the civil service establishments (F(10,800)=723.42); accounting for 63.7% of its variance. Gender policy (β=0.44), career orientation (β=0.36), sex (β=0.22), social interaction (β=0.19), environmental variability (β=0.17), educational attainment (β=0.15), emotional intelligence (β=-0.12), training opportunities (β=0.11) and communication system (β=0.10) had significant relative contributions with JI. There was no significant difference in the level of JI between civil servants in the federal and state establishments. The perceived poor job specification in the civil service system, role ambiguity and conflict make workers to discharge their duties with complacency and negative attitude. Formulation and implementation of gender policy, positive career orientation, improved social interaction, high emotional intelligence and training opportunities influenced workers’ job involvement in civil service establishments in Oyo State, Nigeria. Civil service system in Nigeria should be restructured taking into consideration these factors so as to sustain high job involvement among civil servants.Item COMMUNITY POLICING AS A CORRELATE OF EFFECTIVE SECURITY IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2019-08) BELLO, B.FThe incessant incidents of breakdown of law and order as well as the persistent threats to life and property have shown the lapses in the regular policing system in Nigeria. This trend, therefore, led to the introduction of Community Policing Approach (CPA) in Oyo State in February, 2004 as an alternative strategy to ensure effective security (Prevention of Crimes (PoC), Early Detection of Crimes (EDoC), Apprehension of Offenders (AoO), Protection of Life and Property (PoLP), and Enforcement/Preservation of Law and Order (EPoLO). However, since its introduction, there has not been an independent assessment of CPA’s successes as available reports have been self-reported by the Nigeria Police Force. This study was, therefore, carried out to assess the impact of the CPA (Police-Community Relations (PCR), Police-Community Joint Patrol (PCJP), Police-Community Accountability (PCA) and Intelligence Gathering/Sourcing (IGS) on Effective Security (ES) in Oyo State, Nigeria. This is with a view to having an independent assessment of ES. The Normative Sponsorship and Broken Window theories served as the anchor, while the descriptive survey design was employed. The 12 Local Government Areas (LGAs) where the CPA was introduced in Oyo State were enumerated. In each LGA, the leaders and active members of groups involved in CPA were purposively selected: market associations (115), community development associations (120), vigilante groups (144), Police Community Relations Committee’s (PCRC) (132), community and religious leaders (146) and landlord associations (144). Twenty police officers involved in CPA in each LGA were randomly selected. Different CPA and ES scales were administered to the community and the police. The ES (r=0.87) and CPA (r=0.75) questionnaires with five and six subscales respectively were used for data collection. These were complemented with two key informant interview sessions with the LGA Chairman and Divisional Police Officer/PCRC desk officer in each LGA. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression at 0.05 level of significancewhile qualitative data were content analysed. The six platforms for the CPA were ranked: market associations (92.5%), vigilante (92.2%), public office holders (91.2%), PCRC (87.5%), community and religious leaders (87.3%) and landlord associations (86.3%). The acceptability of CPA’s and ES‘s components was rated high: IGS (88.7%), PCR (87.2%), PCJP (86.4%), PCA (85.1%): AoO (93.2%), EDoC (87.7%), EPoLO (84.5%), PoLP (53.4%) and PoC (50.2%). The IGS (r=0.54), PCR (r=0.41), PCA (r=0.41) and PCJP (r=0.40) had significant correlations with ES. The CPA had a significant joint prediction on ES (F(4,1036)=80.67, adj.R2=0.40); accounting for 40.0% of its variance. Only PCJP (β=-0.19) significantly contributed to ES, while other components did not. Lack of adequate knowledge of CPA and age-long distrust affected the general composition to and acceptability of CPA. The introduction of community policing approach, particularly police-community joint patrol had positively influenced effective security in the sampled communities of Oyo State, Nigeria.Item EFFECT OF BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE COMMUNICATION ON FEMALE MENIAL WORKERS’ UTILISATION OF BREAST CANCER SCREENING IN OYO AND OSUN STATES, NIGERIA(2017-11) OYEWOLE, J.AEarly detection through screening has been acclaimed to be the antidote for preventing breast cancer related morbidity and mortality among women. Regardless of its significance, there exist poor knowledge and negative attitude towards breast screening, particularly among low socio-economic status women. However, this trend can be changed through behavioural communication interventions. Previous studies focused largely on the use of the mass media, despite its inherent weaknesses to bring about desired change in health behaviour. This study, therefore, examined the effect of Behavioural Change Communication (BCC) on female menial workers’ utilisation of breast cancer screening in Oyo and Osun states, Nigeria. The moderating effects of age and educational attainment were also determined. The study was anchored on Health belief model, Diffusion of Innovation, and Planned behaviour theories, while the pretest-posttest control group, quasi-experimental design of 2x3x2 factorial matrix was adopted. One private and public university each with Teaching hospital that has a breast cancer unit was purposively selected from the two states. Female menial workers’ who are outsourced staff of the two universities were selected. The participants were randomised into BCC (50) and Control (50) groups, while treatment lasted eight weeks. Instruments used were Breast Cancer Disease Awareness Scale (r=0.80) Breast Cancer Screening Questionnaire with four subscales (Knowledge/Awareness- r=0.71, Sources of Information- r=0.85, Screening Method- r=0.91 and Utilisation - r=0.72), and BCC and control packages and guides. Data were subjected to percentages and Analysis of Co-variance and Duncan posthoc test at 0.05 level of significance. Participants were mainly married women (98.0%) aged between 20 and 50+ years; with educational attainment of elementary (64.0%) and secondary (32.0%). Knowledge about breast cancer before the intervention was 14.0% and 99.8% after the intervention, while the source of their information about breast cancer was solely from print and electronic media. There was a significant main effect of treatment on female menial university workers’ utilisation of breast cancer screening in Oyo and Osun states (F(1, 91)=72.16, ŋ2=.42). Participants in BCC had a higher post treatment mean score of 48.70 than those in the control group ( =30.22). There was a significant main effect of educational attainment on female menial university workers’ utilisation of breast cancer screening (F(1, 91)=22.06, ŋ2=.32); while age had none. Participants with high educational attainment had higher breast screening utilisation ( =40.92) than those with low educational attainment ( =38.12). There were no significant two-way interaction effects of treatment and age, treatment and educational attainment, and age and educational attainment on breast cancer screening utilisation. The three-way interaction effect was not significant. Behavioural change communication was effective in creating awareness and fostering utilisation of breast cancer screening among female menial university workers’ in Oyo and Osun states, Nigeria. Education was a determining factor in the adoption of breast cancer screening. Therefore, women, particularly those with low educational attainments should be well exposed to behavioural communication interventions to create and sustain awareness to enhance adoption of breast cancer screening.