Radiology

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Abdominal paraganglioma in a pediatric patient
(2008) Atalabi, O. M; Lee, E. Y.
Abdominal ultrasonography inHIV/AIDS patients in southwestern Nigeria.
(BioMEd Central Limited, 2008) Obajimi, M. O.; Atalabi, M. O.; Ogbole, G. I.; Adeniji-Sofoluwe, A. T.; Agunloye, A. M.; Adekanmi, A. J.
"Though the major target of the HIV-virus is the immune system, the frequency of abdominal disorders in HIV/AIDS patients has been reported to be second only to pulmonary disease. These abdominal manifestations may be on the increase as the use of antlretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. Ultrasonography is an easy to perform, non invasive, inexpensive and safe imaging technique that is invaluable in Africa where AIDS is most prevalent and where sophisticated diagnostic tools are not readily available. Purpose: To describe the findings and evaluate the clinical utility of abdominal uitrasonography in HIV?AIDS patients in Ibadan. Methods:A Prospective evaluation of the abdominal ultrasonography of 391 HIV-positive patients as well as 391 age and sex- matched HIV-negative patients were carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.Results: Of the 391 cases studied, 260 (66.5%) were females; the mean age was 38.02 years, (range 15-66 years). The disease was most prevalent in the 4th decade with an incidence of 40.4%. Compared with the HIV-negative individual group of patients had a significantly higher proportion of splenomegaly (13.5% vs. 7.7%; p < 0.01), lymphadenopathy (2.0% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.70), and renal abnormalities (8.4% vs. 3.8%; p < 0.02). There were no differences in hepatic and pancreatic abnormalities between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. There were significantly fewer gallstones in the HIV+ group (1.4% vs. 5.1%; p < 0.01). Conclusion:AIDS is a multi-systemic disease and its demographic and clinical pattern remains the same globally. Ultrasond optimally suited for its clinical management especially in Africa. Its accuracy and sensitivity may be much improved with clinico-pathologic correlation which may not be readily available in developing countries; further studies may provide much needed diagnostic algorithms. "
Accidental ingestion of a drawing pin a case of an unusal foreign body in the Oesphagus
(2001) Agunloye, A. M.; Atalabi, O. M.; Obajimi, M. O.
Baseline chest radiograhic features among antiretroviral therapy naïve human immuno-deficiency virus positive children in a pediatric care program
(2012-01-12) Atalabi, O. M; Oladokun, R.; Adedokun, B,; Obajimi, M. O.; Osinusi, K.
Background: Pulmonary diseases are commonly seen in children with HIV infection, and their etiology is often unclear. The radiological appearances of these conditions are often non-specific. Conventional radiographs play an important role in the management of chest conditions especially in resource poor settings. Objective: This retrospective study was carried out to determine the chest radiographic pattern in children with HIV infection. Materials and Methods: The baseline chest X-ray of 150 HIV-positive but antiretroviral drug naïve children were analyzed between July 2008 and December 2009 at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria. All children were screened for tuberculosis (TB) by one or combination of mantoux, acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) sputum, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The CD4 count was also taken as part of baseline laboratory test. Chi-squared test was used to determine association between the pattern of chest X-ray findings, and sex, age, and CD4 counts. Results: The mean age of the study group was 51.6 months, with children older than 5 years dominating and there was no statistical difference in the sex distribution. A total of 115 children (76.7%) had abnormal chest X-ray, with lymphadenopathy accounting for 45.3% followed by parenchymal lesions with 37.3%, miliary shadows, and cavities accounted for 6.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Cavities were found to be common in patient who tested positive to AFB than AFB-negative patients. Other findings like reticulonodular or diffuse patterns, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, or soft tissue swelling were also commoner in the AFB-positive patients. The CD4 count was available for 42% of the patient and there was no significant association between the chest radiographic changes and the CD4 count. Conclusion: Definitive diagnosis of pulmonary disease might be difficult based on chest X-ray alone, however, chest X-ray is a basic radiological test and almost the easiest to perform in both resource poor or rich setting and it is still recommended that routine chest X-ray should remain part of investigation of HIV-positive children to serve as adjunct to other investigations in early detection of TB.
Bilateral congenital cystic adenomatiod malformation of the lungs: a case report
(2006) Atalabi, O. M; Ogunseyinde, A. O.; Obajimi, M. O.; Falade, A. G.; Adebo, A. O.; Jite, I. E.
A six weeks old infant presented with scalp ulcer and fever, and on examination was found to have resonant percussion notes bilaterally. The initial chest radiograph revealed multiple lucencies which were initially thought to be due to diaphragmatic hernia, but the dilemma was resolved by Computerized tomography which revealed the lucencies to be multiple cysts characteristics of Congenital Cystic Aaenomatiod Malformation (CCAM) type II.
Bilateral tardus-parvus waveform in kidneys secondary to mid-aortic syndrome in a hypertensive child
(2008) Atalabi, O. M.; Lee, E. Y.
A case of adrenal myelolipoma mimicking pheocromocytoma
(2001) Atalabi, O. M; Ogunseyinde, A. O
A 34 year-old hypertensive para 2 + 0 (1 alive) woman, was found to have right suprarenal mass during routine ante-natal investigation. The suprarenal mass, which was initially diagnosed as phaeochromocytoma was excised was found at histology to be myelolipoma. The radiological investigations and appearances (compared with phaeochromocytoma where necessary) have been discussed. The complications, differential diagnoses and treatment were mentioned.
Case report-Abdominal cocoon
(WAJM, 2001-10-12) Irabor, D. O; Atalabi, O. M.
Abdominal cocoon is a rare cause of acute intestinal obstruction seen almost exclusively in young adolecent females. Almost all cases are diagosed at surgery and cured by excising the fibrous cocoon. This case although diagnosed accidentally too was treated conservatively successfully.
Chest radiographic lateral soft-tissue thickness changes after complete anit-tuberculosis treatment in adults
(Wolters Kluwer-Medknow, 2016) Ibrahim, M. Z..; Chom, N. D.; Hamidu, A. U.; Atalabi, M. O.; Inah, G.; Tabari, A. M.
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has 95-98% of its mortality in developing countries. It is associated with marked weight loss which can be evident at the lateral soft-tissue thickness on chest radiographs. Objective: To determine the pattern of lateral soft- tissue thickness changes and gender predisposition on chest radiographs in PTB patients and after complete anti-TB treatment. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted over a 6 month period at the Radiology Department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaira. Two hundred adults who were bacteriologically proven to have PTB were consecutively recruited into the study as cases, aged 18-70 years and followed up after 6 months of complete anti-TB treatment and found to be asymptomatic bacteriologically sputum negative. Their lateral soft-tissue thickness on the chest radiographs was measured. Results: The mean and standard deviation of pretreated and posttreated PTB patient was 12.66+2.63mm and 21.13 + 2.56 mm, respectively (p<0.0001). However, significant increase is noted in lateral soft-tissue thickness after complete anti- TB treatment (P<0.001) and female sex (P+0.001). Conclusion: Lateral soft- tissue thickness reduction was seen in PTB patients and significant increase was observed after complete anti-TB treatment.
Choledochal cysts in African infants: a report of 3 cases and a review of the literature.
(2005) Akinyinka, O. O; Falade, F. O; Akinbami, T. A.; Atalabi, M.; Irabor, D.; Ogunbiyi, O.; Faweya, A. G.; Madarikan, B. A.; Onojobi-Daniel, A.; Johnson, A. O.
Choledochal cysts are relatively rare and are an uncommon cause of cholestasis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent complications such as cholangitis, cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This article reviews a rarely reported disease in Africans in whom only 3 cases were documented over the 18 year period between less than a month and 13months at presentation. All presented with abdominal sweeling with or without jaundice or alcholic stools. The use of real-time ultrasonography antenatally and postnatally aided the diagnosis in our patients. Two of the patients presented and were operated and both made full recovery confirming the importance of early surgical intervention. The third patient died, and exemplified the consequences of delayed diagnosis and treatment which occur not uncommonly in dveloping countries mostly because of sparse and or expensive tertiary health care facilities.
Clinicoradiologic and sonographic patterns of metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma
(2006) Otegbayo, J. A.; Atalabi, O. M.; Yakubu, A.
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, when little remedy could be offered. There is a need for relatively affordable, available and non- invasive tests for diagonsis, staging and detection of metastasis among individuals at risk. A clinical, chest radiographic (CXR) and abdominal ultrasonographic examination was carried out to detect and evaluate the pattern of metastasis among 53 untreated patients. One patients had clinical paraparesis with no outward evidence of metastasis. CXR revealed lund metastasis in 11(20.8%), with multifocal deposit in one. Two (3.8%) patients had perihilar lymphadenopathy and consolidation, respectively, while 18 (34%) patients had elevated right hemidiaphragm and four (7.5%) had pleural effusion. One right hemidiaphragm and four (7.5%) had pleural effusion. One had right basal pneumonitis, multiple cavitatory lesions in the lungs fields and soft-tissue wasting. No abnormality was seen in 17 (32.1%) cases. Abdominal ultrasonograph showed probe tenderness in 22(41.5%), hepatomegaly in 49(92.5%), with 33(62.3%) of these having nodularities of varying sizes. The spleen was enlarged in 10(18.9%) cases, with para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Portal hepatic lymphadenopathy was demostrated in two (3.8%) cases, while pleural effusion was detected in seven (13.2%). Metastasis is common in HCC at presentation, the lung is the commonest site of spread. Clinically visible metastasis appears uncommon in HCC.
Comparative ultrasound evaluation of renal resistive index in hypertensive and normotensive adults in ibadan, south western, Nigeira.
(Nigerian Association of Nephrology, 2012) Atalabi, O. M; Yusuf, B. P.
Background: Renal resistive index is a useful measure for quanitifying alterations in renal blood flow.It is considered to be a refection of renal parenchymal vascular resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the difference in renal resistive index between patients with essential hypertension and non- hypertensive control group. Patients and Methods: Seventy-two patients with essential hypertension of varying duration and 68 patients without hypertension were evaluated sonographically in this prospective study. The renal resistive index was determined by use of doppler ultrasound of the interlobar arties. Results: Mean renal resistive index in the hypertensive patients was 0.60+0.04 (+SD) and in the controls was 0.56+0.04 (+SD) (p=<0.001). Renal resistive index correlated significcantly with systolic blood pressure (r=0.382), (p=<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r= 0.382, p=<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.364,p=<0.001). It correlated weakly with the body mass index (r=).170, 0.044). No significant association was found with age, gender, duration of hypertension and creatinine clearance, mulitple regression linear analysis showed systolic blood pressure to be the only independent variable influencing renal resistive index.
Computed tomography and childhood seizure disorder in Ibadan
(2004-04-06) Obajimi, M. O; Fatunde, O. J.; Ogunseyinde, A. O.; Omigbodun, O. O.; Atalabi, O. M.; Joel, R. U.
Background: Computed Tomography (CT) is an important tool for neuroimaging, it offers an opportunity to investigate structural lesion as a cause of seizures with little morbidity. This study is designed to evaluate its's applicability in children with epileptic seizures. Method: It is a descriptive study of the CT scans of the 103 consecutive children who were referred to the CT suite of the University College Hospital on account of seizure disorders over a 5 year period (1997-2001). Results: Only 103 (4.6%) of the subjects who had cranial scans done in five years were children with seizures disorders. The CT scans were abnormal in 53 (51.5%). Hydrocephalus was the most common finding in 14(13.6%). Cerebral atrophy and infarct were reported in 10.6% and 8.7% respectively. the outlined cranial fractures found in 6.8% were all depressed. A high incidence (74.4%) of abnormal scans was reported in the children with partial seizures. Thirty-three (62.3%) of the abnormal scans were amenable to surgery. The presence of neurologic deficit increased the yiled of abnormal CT features. Conclusion: CT scans are extreme value in the screening and difinitive evaluation of seizures in children. It is advocated for excluding treatable conditions and monitoring progression of the disorder.
Computerized tomography scan and head injury: the experience in a tertiary hospitl in nigeria. A cross sectional study
(Academic Journals, 2015) Akanji, O. A.; Akinola, R. A.; Balogun, B. O.; Akano, A. O.; Atalabi, O. M.; Akinkunmi, M. A. N.; Gbolahan, O. G.; Awosanya, G. O. G.
Trauma is the leading cause of death in all age groups, and head trauma is the cause of death in more than 50% of cases. Head injury reduces the level of physical and mental health of a community, ultimately increasing the socioeconomic burden. In our resource limited country, skull x ray was the main mode of investigating head trauma until recently when computerized tomography (CT) scans became the modality of choice in the initial work up of patients. In this study, we sought to document the various post traumatic CT scan findings following head injury in a tertiary hospital in Lagos and determine the sociodemograhic and radiological characterostic such patients. This was a descriptive, prospective, cross- sectional study of the CT scan findings of 400 cases with acute head trauma, from June 2010 to October 2011. The mean age of the participants was 32.7+ 18.2 years with a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Majority, 65.5% of the study subjects had positive CT findings while the remaining, 34.5% had normal CT findinfs. Raod traffic accident(RTA) was found to be the most common cause of head injury, occuring in 69% cases, especially in the 21 to 30 years age group. Cerebral contusions, 35.5% and skull fractures, 34.3% were the most common lesions found while foreign body, 1.5% were the least. This study confirmed the versatility of CT scan in detecting both intracranial and extra cranial lesions in patients with head injury from RTA, which is the most common cause, while the most frequent lesion was cerebral constusion.
Cranial computerrized tomography in the evaluaaton of stroke patients in Ibadan
(2003-12) Ogunseyinde, A. O; Atalabi, O. M.
206 patients clinically diagnosed as stroke/cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) were investigated using computerized tomography (CT) scan. 19 patients(9%) had normal scan, while 20(9.7%) patients had other lesions including atrophy and tumours. Of the 167 (18.1%) patients proven to have suffered a cerebro-vascular accidents (CVA/ stroke), 73(43.7%) were haemorrhagic, 92(55.1%) were infarcts; and left side when it is heaemorrhagic than infarct (16.7%;38.3). The parietal and frontal lobes were affected when lesions occur in single site while caudate nucleus, putamen and ventricles are commonly affected when lesion is in more that 2 sites. The occipital lobe i.e. posterior cerebral artery territory is infrequently involved.
Cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings in kwashiorkor
(2010) Atalabi, O. M; Lagunju, I. A.; Tongo, O. O.; Adeyinka, O. O.
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is an important public health problem in the developing countries, although it is becoming uncommon in South West Nigeria. Cerebral changes have been associated with severe PEM. This is study evaluated the neurological changed using Magnetic Reonance Imaging (MRI) in Ibadan south west Nigeria. The 5 children evaluated had a median age of 16 months and all the children had brain changes compatible with cerebral atrophy. In addition two of the children had periventricular white matter changes, while one of these two had mega cisterna magna in addition. Though this study did not re-evalute the brains of these childrenafter nutritional rehabilitation, it is possible that changes are reversible as demostrated in earleir studies.
Dermatofibroma of the foot mimicking neurofibroma radiologically
(2006) Agunloye, A. M.; Atalabi, O. M.; Obajimi, M. O.; Adeyinka, A. O.
Do abnormal findings on hystero-salphingographic examination correlate with intensity of procedure associated pain?
(Women's Health and Action Research Center, 2014) Atalabi, O. M.; Osinaike, B. B.
"The aim of this study is to determine if the intensity and nature of pain during Hystero-Salphingography could give a clue to the presence of abnormal finding/so Eighty-two patients were recruited over a six-month period. Procedural pain was assessed using the numeric rating scale. Mean age was 33.2 ± 4.9 years. The median pain score in patients with normal findings was 6.0 but 7.0, 8.0. and 8.5 in those with right tubal blockade, uterine fibroids and left tubal blockade respectively. No statistical difference in the absolute pain score between patients with normal and abnormal findings, Pain scores in patients with I and 2 abnormalities were 7.0 and 7.5, and the number of abnormalities did not affect pain score (P = 0.3). The presence or absence of pain during HSG may not be a suitable way of determining the presence or absence of abnormal HSG finding "
Early endoscopic realignment of traumatic anterior and posterior urethral disruptions under caudal anaesthesia- a 5-year review
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Int J Clin Pract., 2010-01) Olapade-Olaopa, E. O.; Atalabi, O. M.; Adekanye, A. O.; Adebayo, S. A.,; Onawola, K. A.
Objective: We recently described early rigid retrograde endoscopic realignment of the disrupted urethra under caudal anaesthesia in the outpatient setting. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate our medium-term results. Patints and methods: A retrospective review of patients who had early rigid retrograde endoscopic realignment of traumatic urethral disruptions in our institution over a 5 -year period was done and relevant data extracted was analyzed. Results: Fourteen acutely ruptured urethras (10 psoterior and four anterior) were endoscopically realigned early in the study period. Nine (90%) of the posterior disruptions occured at bulbo-membranous urethra (distal to the external sphincter mechanism). Thirteen of the rupted urethras (93%) were successfully realigned (nine posterior and four anterior) and postoperative clean intermitten self-callibration (CIC) was instituted in 10 patients. The mean follow-up period was 36.6 months (range 18-54 months). The meanoperating time and the median hospital stay were 22min(range8-68min) and 3 days (range 1-10 days), respectively, and were shorter in patients with injuries of the anterior urethra than those with potent and continent. Two patients required additional procedures (direct vision internal urethrotomy or urethral dilation) and one patient has remianed on CIC. i.e. a stricture rate of 21%. Conclusion: Early retrograde endoscopic realignment under caudal analgesia is sutiable and cost-effective for patients with acute traumatic urethral disruptions and has good meduim-term results. In additon, an early psot-operative regimen of CIC significantly reduced stricture-formation in our series.
Entrance surface dose from pediatric diagonostic x-ray examinations in a developing world setting: are we 'ALARA principle' compliant?
(ScienceDomain, 2013) Atalabi, O. M; Bidemil, A.; Adekanmi, A. J; Samuel, O. A.
Background: Rediation protection in paediatric radiology requires special attention than in adult because children are more sensitive to radiation and at higher risk. This risk is explained by the longer life expectancy in children which allows for harmful effect of radiation to manifest and thier developing organs and tissues being more sensitive to radiation. Hence, the need for determination of appropraite radiation dose for paediatric patients. Aims:to estimate entrance skin dose (ESD) recieved by paediatric patients during diagnostic x-ray examinations. Material and Methods: A total of 253 paediatric patients undergoing various x-rays examinations between June 2011 and December, 2012. In a teaching hospital in the south west Nigeria were considered in this study. This hospital has no dedicated x-ray unit for paediatric radiology. The ESD recieved during x-ray examination was calculated using mathematical formular that incorporated the use of x-ray beam output and exposure parameters selected for examination. Correlation coefficient (r) analysis was used to test the relationship between ESD, patient size (age and weight) and exposure parameters(KVp, mAs). Results: The ESD and ED recieved by paediatric patients from all the x-ray examinations considered in this study ranged from 10.29+3.80-880.04+89.44 µGy 0.01 level of significant showed that there is a correlation between patient does and exposure factors but there is no correlation between ESD, age and weight of patients. Conclusion: The ESD recieved by paediatric patients is higher that the internationally recommended reference dose. This is attributed to lack of dedicated x-ray unit and personnel for paediatric radiology.