Radiology
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Item Transvaginal ultrasonography: a survey of the acceptability and its predictors among a native African women population.(Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2012) Atalabi, O. M; Morhason-Bello, I. O; Adekanmi, A. J.; Marinho, A. O.; Adedokun, B. O.; Kalejaiye, A. O.; Sogo, K.,; Gbadamosi, S. A.Objective:To determine the acceptability of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) and associated factors among Nigerian women. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3137 women who presented for transabdominal ultrasound scan between August and November 2010 in two referral hospitals in Nigeria. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed applying logistic regression analysis; predictors of willingness of participants regarding transvaginal ultrasound were identified using SPSS Statistics (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) version 17 software. Results: The mean age of the women was 33.8 years (standard deviation =7.9), with 88.8% currently married. About 84% were willing to have TVU, while 54.2% were indifferent about the gender of the sonologist. About 17.3% believed that the procedure is painful. Significant predictors of willingness to have TVU were previous sexual experience and douching, prior painful vaginal examination, and vaginal surgery. Conclusion: The majority of Nigerian women expressed a willingness to have the TVU pro-cedure without necessarily opting for any gender preference of the operator. Women should be adequately counseled on the operations of the procedure so as to be able to psychologically prepare for them.Item Factors influencing the pratcie of hydrostatic reduction of intussusception amongst radiologists in a developing country(2009) Lawal, T. A.; Atalabi, O. M.; Adekanmi, A. J.; Ogundoyin, O. OBackground: Intussesception is a mojor cuase of intestinal obstruction in children and can be treated operatively or non-operatively. Surgery is associated with mortality rates, in dveloping countries of 8.5% to 18%. Hydrostatic reduction is a cost effective treatment that can lower the mortality rate in resource poor settings. However, the teachnique is not widely performed inspite of the advantages. Objectives: We reviewed factors influencing the current practice of hydrostatic reduction of intussusception by radiologists in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A survey of radiologists was conducted using structured self adminsitered questionnaires. Strenght of assocition between the practice of hydrostatic reduction and variables related to the workforce was evaluated using Fisher's exact test. Result: Fifty-one participants were studied. Three (18.8%) hospitals have at least one consultant radiologist focusing on pediatric surgeon or more. Hydrostatic reduction is practiced in hospitals with a radiologist with interest in pediatric radiology, (p=0.002). Lack of expertise was given as the main reason why hte other hospitals have not commenced the procedure.Item Normal sonographic dimensions for liver, spleen and kidneys in healthy South West Nigerian children-a pilot study(West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons., 2015) Umeh, E.A; deniji-Sofoluwe, T. A.; Adekanmi, A. J.; Atalabi, O. M.Ultrasonography measurement of abdominal organ dimensions in children of all ages is utilized in the monitoring of abdominal organ growth pattern, diagonosis and follow-up of patients with a variety of diseases.Base line references values are necessary to determine from the m=normal in pathological states. These values are well established in the developed countries but local reference levels are sparse in this environment. This is a descriptive prospective pilot study done at Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty-nine clinically healthy nursery and primary school children, aged between 3 and 10 years consisting of 74 females and 55 males were recruited into the study. Consent was sought from the school authorities and more importanantly from the parents/care givers through letters written through the school authorities. Those pupils whose parents/ care givers gave consent were included in the study. The age of each child was documented in months. Height was measured in meters using a measuring tape with child standing against a vertical wall. Weight was also measured using a ZT standing weighing scale. EAch child underwent abdominal ultrasound evaluation and measurement of liver, spleen and renal diamenters. These parameters were recorded on a prepared data sheet.Item Abdominal ultrasonography inHIV/AIDS patients in southwestern Nigeria.(BioMEd Central Limited, 2008) Obajimi, M. O.; Atalabi, M. O.; Ogbole, G. I.; Adeniji-Sofoluwe, A. T.; Agunloye, A. M.; Adekanmi, A. J."Though the major target of the HIV-virus is the immune system, the frequency of abdominal disorders in HIV/AIDS patients has been reported to be second only to pulmonary disease. These abdominal manifestations may be on the increase as the use of antlretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. Ultrasonography is an easy to perform, non invasive, inexpensive and safe imaging technique that is invaluable in Africa where AIDS is most prevalent and where sophisticated diagnostic tools are not readily available. Purpose: To describe the findings and evaluate the clinical utility of abdominal uitrasonography in HIV?AIDS patients in Ibadan. Methods:A Prospective evaluation of the abdominal ultrasonography of 391 HIV-positive patients as well as 391 age and sex- matched HIV-negative patients were carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.Results: Of the 391 cases studied, 260 (66.5%) were females; the mean age was 38.02 years, (range 15-66 years). The disease was most prevalent in the 4th decade with an incidence of 40.4%. Compared with the HIV-negative individual group of patients had a significantly higher proportion of splenomegaly (13.5% vs. 7.7%; p < 0.01), lymphadenopathy (2.0% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.70), and renal abnormalities (8.4% vs. 3.8%; p < 0.02). There were no differences in hepatic and pancreatic abnormalities between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. There were significantly fewer gallstones in the HIV+ group (1.4% vs. 5.1%; p < 0.01). Conclusion:AIDS is a multi-systemic disease and its demographic and clinical pattern remains the same globally. Ultrasond optimally suited for its clinical management especially in Africa. Its accuracy and sensitivity may be much improved with clinico-pathologic correlation which may not be readily available in developing countries; further studies may provide much needed diagnostic algorithms. "Item The state of radiology subspecialty training in the west African subregion: the residents' perspective(Association of Radiologists of West Africa, 2013) Atalabi, O. M; Adekanmi, A. J.; Bamgboye, E. A.Background/Aim: Radiology residency was initiated nearly 30 years ago in the west African subregion, but accompanying formal subspecialty training has been developed within the 30 year time span. In contrast, subspecialization has evolved over the past 25 years in developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine residents' perspective about radiology subspecialization training in west africa. Materials and Methods: Semi- structured, self- administered electronic questionnaire were sent to residents at different levels of training via-email and during update courses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0(BM) package. Quantitative variables were expressed using summary statistics including means and medians. Descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables using frequencies, proportions and charts. Statistical significancwe was set at the 5% level using two tailed P values. Results: There were 117 respondents 85(72.6%) males and 32(27.4%) females. A total of 110 (94%) were aware of the various subspecialties in radiology with neuroradiology being identified by all as seperate subspecialty. Interventional radiology topped the choice of subspecialty with 61(52.1%) respondents, and 67(57.3%) would prefer that subspecialties be introduced in phases. Ultrasound, basic x-ray, momography equipment, and computed tomography scanners are availabe in many of the training centers. 116(99.1%) of the resident believed that there is a need for subspecialization in the subregion. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the need for subspecialzation in west Africa. To achieve this goal, collaboration and support from well-established radiology residency and fellowship training programs based in developed countries is necessary.Item Evaluation of renal blood flow using doppler sonography in children with acute-falciparum malaria in south-western Nigeria(ScienceDomain, 2015) Adekanmi, A. J.; Atalabi, O. M.; Orimadegun, A. E.; Afolabi, N. B.Background: Renal blood flow evaluation during malaria illness is rarely done despite the high incidence of kidney injury from malaria and availability of doppler ultrasound scanners in malaria endemic areas. Aims: This study is to evaluate the renal blood flow changes using doppler ultrasonography among uncomplicated and complicated malaria subsets of pediatric patient with laboratory evidence of malaria parasitemia and without background clinical and laboratory evidence of renal impairment. And to compare these with parameter of age matched healthy pediatric control. Study Design: This was a prospective case control study of renal doppler indicies in children with acute malaria. Place of study: The study was conducted among pediatric patients presenting at the children outpatient clinics, emergency and pediatric wards of the University College Hospital(UCH), Ibadan Nigeria. Methodology: Doppler indicies of 602 kidneys were evaluated among 85 uncomplicated (UM), 85 complicated malaria (CM) children that presented within 24 hours and follow up scans on days 3 and 5 of thier illness. These were compared with that of 131 healthy children (control). Results: The main renal artery diameter of the CM group was 0.41+ 0.07mm, UM=0.48+0.09mm and 0.53+ 0.11mm (p=<0.001) in the control group. The main renal vein diameter were0.59+0.11mm and 0.48+0.10mm and 0.63+0.15mm (P=<0.000) among the CM, UM and the control group respectively. The PSV and EDV were slightly lower in the malaria groups than in the control group. PSV=49.01+18.21 cm/s in the UM and CM=50.71+19.68 cm/s. The control group PSV was 56.95 + 15.47 cm/s. AT was however significantly lower in the two malaria subgroups than in the control. (UM=47.70+18.28 cm/s CM=52.33+21.06 cm/s and control=75.20+27.66 cm/s respectively (p=< 0.000). The intrarenal S/D in UM was 2.73+ 0.49 and the CM group S/D was 3.05+ 0.65 and control =2.62+ 0.47 (P=0.04). Slightly lower but statistically insignificant mean values were seen in the RI and PI. Conclusion: The main renal arterial and vein diameters ans the intra renal vessel AT are significantly reduced during acute falciparum malaria illness. The intra-renal PSV and EDV are likely to be lower in acute falciparum malaria than in the normal healthy children. The intra-renal S/D are significantly higher in the UM and CM. Also, the PI and RI are likely to be higher in the malaria groups. The AT and S/D both showed inverse and direct relationship respectively as malaria severity worsens. We propose that renal doppler ultrasound can be used to monitor renal status and should be included in the management of children with acute malaria infection more so in malaria endemic area.