Radiology
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ui.edu.ng/handle/123456789/537
Browse
9 results
Search Results
Item Baseline chest radiograhic features among antiretroviral therapy naïve human immuno-deficiency virus positive children in a pediatric care program(2012-01-12) Atalabi, O. M; Oladokun, R.; Adedokun, B,; Obajimi, M. O.; Osinusi, K.Background: Pulmonary diseases are commonly seen in children with HIV infection, and their etiology is often unclear. The radiological appearances of these conditions are often non-specific. Conventional radiographs play an important role in the management of chest conditions especially in resource poor settings. Objective: This retrospective study was carried out to determine the chest radiographic pattern in children with HIV infection. Materials and Methods: The baseline chest X-ray of 150 HIV-positive but antiretroviral drug naïve children were analyzed between July 2008 and December 2009 at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria. All children were screened for tuberculosis (TB) by one or combination of mantoux, acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) sputum, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The CD4 count was also taken as part of baseline laboratory test. Chi-squared test was used to determine association between the pattern of chest X-ray findings, and sex, age, and CD4 counts. Results: The mean age of the study group was 51.6 months, with children older than 5 years dominating and there was no statistical difference in the sex distribution. A total of 115 children (76.7%) had abnormal chest X-ray, with lymphadenopathy accounting for 45.3% followed by parenchymal lesions with 37.3%, miliary shadows, and cavities accounted for 6.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Cavities were found to be common in patient who tested positive to AFB than AFB-negative patients. Other findings like reticulonodular or diffuse patterns, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, or soft tissue swelling were also commoner in the AFB-positive patients. The CD4 count was available for 42% of the patient and there was no significant association between the chest radiographic changes and the CD4 count. Conclusion: Definitive diagnosis of pulmonary disease might be difficult based on chest X-ray alone, however, chest X-ray is a basic radiological test and almost the easiest to perform in both resource poor or rich setting and it is still recommended that routine chest X-ray should remain part of investigation of HIV-positive children to serve as adjunct to other investigations in early detection of TB.Item Management and outcome of peyronie's disease in Nigeria- Initial Experience(2011-12) Takure, A. O; Atalabi, O. MPeyronie's disease is characterized by the formation of fibrous plaques within the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa. It is a frustrating disease to the patient resulting in penile deformity and painful erection and erectile dysfunction. There is mixed response to medical therapy and the numerous surgical options implies no standardized procedure yet. The incidence appears to be increasing but this disease is rarely reported in Nigeria. We present three cases of dorsal and ventral Peyronie's disease treated and followed up for 2 years who responded to surgical and medical treatment with satisfactory sexual life and penile erection.Item Transvaginal ultrasonography: a survey of the acceptability and its predictors among a native African women population.(Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2012) Atalabi, O. M; Morhason-Bello, I. O; Adekanmi, A. J.; Marinho, A. O.; Adedokun, B. O.; Kalejaiye, A. O.; Sogo, K.,; Gbadamosi, S. A.Objective:To determine the acceptability of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) and associated factors among Nigerian women. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3137 women who presented for transabdominal ultrasound scan between August and November 2010 in two referral hospitals in Nigeria. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed applying logistic regression analysis; predictors of willingness of participants regarding transvaginal ultrasound were identified using SPSS Statistics (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) version 17 software. Results: The mean age of the women was 33.8 years (standard deviation =7.9), with 88.8% currently married. About 84% were willing to have TVU, while 54.2% were indifferent about the gender of the sonologist. About 17.3% believed that the procedure is painful. Significant predictors of willingness to have TVU were previous sexual experience and douching, prior painful vaginal examination, and vaginal surgery. Conclusion: The majority of Nigerian women expressed a willingness to have the TVU pro-cedure without necessarily opting for any gender preference of the operator. Women should be adequately counseled on the operations of the procedure so as to be able to psychologically prepare for them.Item X-ray hysterosalphingography: the most painful part in the Nigerian woman(2011-06) Atalabi, O. M; Osinake, B. B.Background.Hysterosalphingography(HSG)despite the accompanying pain still remains relevant in gynaecological practice.For effective analgesia.it is important to ideutifv the most painful step of this procedure .Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) and the Categorical Pain Scale(CPS) were used to identify the most painful step of HSG procedure and to find out if age,parity and the degree of infertility affect pain perception in this group of patients.Patients and Methodology: Ninety Four women referred for HSG due to infertility were recruited into this study.Their background pain and perceived pain of each step of the procedure was graded using the NRS and the CPS. The data collected were statistically analvsed. Results:Participant's age ranged from 21 to 34 vears with a mean on 33.3±4.8years. Cervical traction with introduction of cannula and instillation of contrast was found to be the most painful step of the procedure both having a median score of 6 (range 0- 10) based on the NRS and were rated to be moderate to worst possible pain based on the CPS .Almost 65% of the patients perceived the pain to be more than expected and nearly 100% would have preferred one form of analgesia or the other. Conclusion:The most painful step of HSG was found to be the same for the Nigerian women as in other parts of the world.These women should be offered effective analgesia for pain during HSG procedure.Item Cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings in kwashiorkor(2010) Atalabi, O. M; Lagunju, I. A.; Tongo, O. O.; Adeyinka, O. O.Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is an important public health problem in the developing countries, although it is becoming uncommon in South West Nigeria. Cerebral changes have been associated with severe PEM. This is study evaluated the neurological changed using Magnetic Reonance Imaging (MRI) in Ibadan south west Nigeria. The 5 children evaluated had a median age of 16 months and all the children had brain changes compatible with cerebral atrophy. In addition two of the children had periventricular white matter changes, while one of these two had mega cisterna magna in addition. Though this study did not re-evalute the brains of these childrenafter nutritional rehabilitation, it is possible that changes are reversible as demostrated in earleir studies.Item Renal resistive index in normal adults in Ibadan, South western Nigeria: a preliminary report.(2010) Yusuf, B. P.; Atalabi, O. M"Colour Doppler sonography is used for visualization of blood flow,non-invasive evaluation of vascular resistance and measurements of velocities in renal and intrarenal arteries. Its usefulness in the evaluation of the kidneys ranges from the diagnosis of renal arterystenosis and renovascular disease to the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamics in several different pathological conditions such as essential hypertension, acute and chronicrenal failure, pre and post transplant assessment and graft:rejection. Objective:To determine the normal value of Renal Resistive Index in a healthy group of individuals in order to compare findings with those in existing literature and to serve as a normogram among Nigerians. Materials and Methods: Colour duplex Doppler sonography of interlobar arteries was performed in 68 patients with normal blood pressure, normal blood sugar and no known renal disease or any significant medical condition with normal B-mode sonography of their kidneys. The mean renal resistive index of the interlobar arteries was compared on the right and left, males and females and correlated with age, height, body mass index and renal volume. Results:The mean renal resistive index was 0.56 (±0.04) in the right and left kidney. No difference in mean was seen between the males and females. No significant correlation was seen with age ,height ,body mass index and renal volume. Conclusion: This study has provided normative value of renal resistive index' in a Nigerian population and established this data for use in future studies. "Item The state of radiology subspecialty training in the west African subregion: the residents' perspective(Association of Radiologists of West Africa, 2013) Atalabi, O. M; Adekanmi, A. J.; Bamgboye, E. A.Background/Aim: Radiology residency was initiated nearly 30 years ago in the west African subregion, but accompanying formal subspecialty training has been developed within the 30 year time span. In contrast, subspecialization has evolved over the past 25 years in developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine residents' perspective about radiology subspecialization training in west africa. Materials and Methods: Semi- structured, self- administered electronic questionnaire were sent to residents at different levels of training via-email and during update courses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0(BM) package. Quantitative variables were expressed using summary statistics including means and medians. Descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables using frequencies, proportions and charts. Statistical significancwe was set at the 5% level using two tailed P values. Results: There were 117 respondents 85(72.6%) males and 32(27.4%) females. A total of 110 (94%) were aware of the various subspecialties in radiology with neuroradiology being identified by all as seperate subspecialty. Interventional radiology topped the choice of subspecialty with 61(52.1%) respondents, and 67(57.3%) would prefer that subspecialties be introduced in phases. Ultrasound, basic x-ray, momography equipment, and computed tomography scanners are availabe in many of the training centers. 116(99.1%) of the resident believed that there is a need for subspecialization in the subregion. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the need for subspecialzation in west Africa. To achieve this goal, collaboration and support from well-established radiology residency and fellowship training programs based in developed countries is necessary.Item Entrance surface dose from pediatric diagonostic x-ray examinations in a developing world setting: are we 'ALARA principle' compliant?(ScienceDomain, 2013) Atalabi, O. M; Bidemil, A.; Adekanmi, A. J; Samuel, O. A.Background: Rediation protection in paediatric radiology requires special attention than in adult because children are more sensitive to radiation and at higher risk. This risk is explained by the longer life expectancy in children which allows for harmful effect of radiation to manifest and thier developing organs and tissues being more sensitive to radiation. Hence, the need for determination of appropraite radiation dose for paediatric patients. Aims:to estimate entrance skin dose (ESD) recieved by paediatric patients during diagnostic x-ray examinations. Material and Methods: A total of 253 paediatric patients undergoing various x-rays examinations between June 2011 and December, 2012. In a teaching hospital in the south west Nigeria were considered in this study. This hospital has no dedicated x-ray unit for paediatric radiology. The ESD recieved during x-ray examination was calculated using mathematical formular that incorporated the use of x-ray beam output and exposure parameters selected for examination. Correlation coefficient (r) analysis was used to test the relationship between ESD, patient size (age and weight) and exposure parameters(KVp, mAs). Results: The ESD and ED recieved by paediatric patients from all the x-ray examinations considered in this study ranged from 10.29+3.80-880.04+89.44 µGy 0.01 level of significant showed that there is a correlation between patient does and exposure factors but there is no correlation between ESD, age and weight of patients. Conclusion: The ESD recieved by paediatric patients is higher that the internationally recommended reference dose. This is attributed to lack of dedicated x-ray unit and personnel for paediatric radiology.Item Comparative ultrasound evaluation of renal resistive index in hypertensive and normotensive adults in ibadan, south western, Nigeira.(Nigerian Association of Nephrology, 2012) Atalabi, O. M; Yusuf, B. P.Background: Renal resistive index is a useful measure for quanitifying alterations in renal blood flow.It is considered to be a refection of renal parenchymal vascular resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the difference in renal resistive index between patients with essential hypertension and non- hypertensive control group. Patients and Methods: Seventy-two patients with essential hypertension of varying duration and 68 patients without hypertension were evaluated sonographically in this prospective study. The renal resistive index was determined by use of doppler ultrasound of the interlobar arties. Results: Mean renal resistive index in the hypertensive patients was 0.60+0.04 (+SD) and in the controls was 0.56+0.04 (+SD) (p=<0.001). Renal resistive index correlated significcantly with systolic blood pressure (r=0.382), (p=<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r= 0.382, p=<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.364,p=<0.001). It correlated weakly with the body mass index (r=).170, 0.044). No significant association was found with age, gender, duration of hypertension and creatinine clearance, mulitple regression linear analysis showed systolic blood pressure to be the only independent variable influencing renal resistive index.