Radiology
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Item Baseline chest radiograhic features among antiretroviral therapy naïve human immuno-deficiency virus positive children in a pediatric care program(2012-01-12) Atalabi, O. M; Oladokun, R.; Adedokun, B,; Obajimi, M. O.; Osinusi, K.Background: Pulmonary diseases are commonly seen in children with HIV infection, and their etiology is often unclear. The radiological appearances of these conditions are often non-specific. Conventional radiographs play an important role in the management of chest conditions especially in resource poor settings. Objective: This retrospective study was carried out to determine the chest radiographic pattern in children with HIV infection. Materials and Methods: The baseline chest X-ray of 150 HIV-positive but antiretroviral drug naïve children were analyzed between July 2008 and December 2009 at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria. All children were screened for tuberculosis (TB) by one or combination of mantoux, acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) sputum, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The CD4 count was also taken as part of baseline laboratory test. Chi-squared test was used to determine association between the pattern of chest X-ray findings, and sex, age, and CD4 counts. Results: The mean age of the study group was 51.6 months, with children older than 5 years dominating and there was no statistical difference in the sex distribution. A total of 115 children (76.7%) had abnormal chest X-ray, with lymphadenopathy accounting for 45.3% followed by parenchymal lesions with 37.3%, miliary shadows, and cavities accounted for 6.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Cavities were found to be common in patient who tested positive to AFB than AFB-negative patients. Other findings like reticulonodular or diffuse patterns, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, or soft tissue swelling were also commoner in the AFB-positive patients. The CD4 count was available for 42% of the patient and there was no significant association between the chest radiographic changes and the CD4 count. Conclusion: Definitive diagnosis of pulmonary disease might be difficult based on chest X-ray alone, however, chest X-ray is a basic radiological test and almost the easiest to perform in both resource poor or rich setting and it is still recommended that routine chest X-ray should remain part of investigation of HIV-positive children to serve as adjunct to other investigations in early detection of TB.Item Management and outcome of peyronie's disease in Nigeria- Initial Experience(2011-12) Takure, A. O; Atalabi, O. MPeyronie's disease is characterized by the formation of fibrous plaques within the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa. It is a frustrating disease to the patient resulting in penile deformity and painful erection and erectile dysfunction. There is mixed response to medical therapy and the numerous surgical options implies no standardized procedure yet. The incidence appears to be increasing but this disease is rarely reported in Nigeria. We present three cases of dorsal and ventral Peyronie's disease treated and followed up for 2 years who responded to surgical and medical treatment with satisfactory sexual life and penile erection.Item Transvaginal ultrasonography: a survey of the acceptability and its predictors among a native African women population.(Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2012) Atalabi, O. M; Morhason-Bello, I. O; Adekanmi, A. J.; Marinho, A. O.; Adedokun, B. O.; Kalejaiye, A. O.; Sogo, K.,; Gbadamosi, S. A.Objective:To determine the acceptability of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) and associated factors among Nigerian women. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3137 women who presented for transabdominal ultrasound scan between August and November 2010 in two referral hospitals in Nigeria. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed applying logistic regression analysis; predictors of willingness of participants regarding transvaginal ultrasound were identified using SPSS Statistics (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) version 17 software. Results: The mean age of the women was 33.8 years (standard deviation =7.9), with 88.8% currently married. About 84% were willing to have TVU, while 54.2% were indifferent about the gender of the sonologist. About 17.3% believed that the procedure is painful. Significant predictors of willingness to have TVU were previous sexual experience and douching, prior painful vaginal examination, and vaginal surgery. Conclusion: The majority of Nigerian women expressed a willingness to have the TVU pro-cedure without necessarily opting for any gender preference of the operator. Women should be adequately counseled on the operations of the procedure so as to be able to psychologically prepare for them.Item X-ray hysterosalphingography: the most painful part in the Nigerian woman(2011-06) Atalabi, O. M; Osinake, B. B.Background.Hysterosalphingography(HSG)despite the accompanying pain still remains relevant in gynaecological practice.For effective analgesia.it is important to ideutifv the most painful step of this procedure .Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) and the Categorical Pain Scale(CPS) were used to identify the most painful step of HSG procedure and to find out if age,parity and the degree of infertility affect pain perception in this group of patients.Patients and Methodology: Ninety Four women referred for HSG due to infertility were recruited into this study.Their background pain and perceived pain of each step of the procedure was graded using the NRS and the CPS. The data collected were statistically analvsed. Results:Participant's age ranged from 21 to 34 vears with a mean on 33.3±4.8years. Cervical traction with introduction of cannula and instillation of contrast was found to be the most painful step of the procedure both having a median score of 6 (range 0- 10) based on the NRS and were rated to be moderate to worst possible pain based on the CPS .Almost 65% of the patients perceived the pain to be more than expected and nearly 100% would have preferred one form of analgesia or the other. Conclusion:The most painful step of HSG was found to be the same for the Nigerian women as in other parts of the world.These women should be offered effective analgesia for pain during HSG procedure.Item Cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings in kwashiorkor(2010) Atalabi, O. M; Lagunju, I. A.; Tongo, O. O.; Adeyinka, O. O.Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is an important public health problem in the developing countries, although it is becoming uncommon in South West Nigeria. Cerebral changes have been associated with severe PEM. This is study evaluated the neurological changed using Magnetic Reonance Imaging (MRI) in Ibadan south west Nigeria. The 5 children evaluated had a median age of 16 months and all the children had brain changes compatible with cerebral atrophy. In addition two of the children had periventricular white matter changes, while one of these two had mega cisterna magna in addition. Though this study did not re-evalute the brains of these childrenafter nutritional rehabilitation, it is possible that changes are reversible as demostrated in earleir studies.Item Renal resistive index in normal adults in Ibadan, South western Nigeria: a preliminary report.(2010) Yusuf, B. P.; Atalabi, O. M"Colour Doppler sonography is used for visualization of blood flow,non-invasive evaluation of vascular resistance and measurements of velocities in renal and intrarenal arteries. Its usefulness in the evaluation of the kidneys ranges from the diagnosis of renal arterystenosis and renovascular disease to the assessment of intrarenal hemodynamics in several different pathological conditions such as essential hypertension, acute and chronicrenal failure, pre and post transplant assessment and graft:rejection. Objective:To determine the normal value of Renal Resistive Index in a healthy group of individuals in order to compare findings with those in existing literature and to serve as a normogram among Nigerians. Materials and Methods: Colour duplex Doppler sonography of interlobar arteries was performed in 68 patients with normal blood pressure, normal blood sugar and no known renal disease or any significant medical condition with normal B-mode sonography of their kidneys. The mean renal resistive index of the interlobar arteries was compared on the right and left, males and females and correlated with age, height, body mass index and renal volume. Results:The mean renal resistive index was 0.56 (±0.04) in the right and left kidney. No difference in mean was seen between the males and females. No significant correlation was seen with age ,height ,body mass index and renal volume. Conclusion: This study has provided normative value of renal resistive index' in a Nigerian population and established this data for use in future studies. "Item A lethal form of gorham disease associated with extensive musculoskeletal pneumatosis: cse report and review of the literature(2008) Atalabi, O. M; Fishman, S. J.; Kozakewich, H. P.; Alsamarah, A. Y.; Alomari, A. I.We report here the imaging finding of a rare case of a lethal form of gorham disease in a yound female patient. Multimodality imaging findings over 13 years- follow-up demostrated progressive wide spread skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities with permeative osteolysis, pathological fractures and severe sketal deformities. Unusual extensive osseous and soft tissue pneumatosis was illustrated on cross-sectional studies. The progressive nature of this form of gorham disease and the subsequent complications eventually culminated in patients's death.Item Abdominal paraganglioma in a pediatric patient(2008) Atalabi, O. M; Lee, E. Y.Item Hydrostatic reduction of intussusception under ultrasound guidance: an initial experience in a developing country(2007-07) Atalabi, O. M; Ogundoyin, O. O,; Ogunlana, D. I,; Onasanya, O. M.; Lawal, T. A.; Olarinoye, A. S.Background: Intussusception is one of the most common causes of acute intestinal obstruction in children. Hydrostatic reduction with barium enema is the widely accepted and preferred mode of treatment of uncomplicated intussuception. The aim of this study was to report our initial experience with hydrostatic reduction of intussusception. Patients and methods: We present our initial experience in which 8 patients had ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction of intussusception over a period of 2 years. All patients that presented within 48hours of onset of symptoms were recruited into the study. Clinical diagnosis of intussusceptions was made in all of them while abdominal ultrasound was used to confirm the diagnosis. Results: Half of the patients presented after 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Five patients (62.5%) had a successful reduction of thier instussusception while was completed by surgery. There was only one (12.5%) recurrence and there was no peritonitis. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction of intussusceptions in this environment is possible when patients present early with low risk of complication and low recurrence rate.Item Malignant haemangiopericytoma of the left thigh with metastases to the bones and lungs: A case report(2006) Atalabi, O. M; Ibinaiye, O. P.; Obajimi, M. O.; Ogunseyinde, O.; Akang, E. E. U.Haemangiopericytoma is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm. Haemangiopericytoma is believed to arise from the pericytes, contractile spindle cells that surround the capillaries and post-capillary venules. We present an unusal case of histologically confirmed malignant haemangiopericytoma of the thigh in a 70 year old male with metastasis to the lungs and left femoral bone.