Radiology
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Item Image gently .One size does not fit all(Book Builders. Editors Africa. 2 Awosika Avenue, Bodija, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2010-07) Atalabi, O. M.Item Sociodemographic factors and clerkship experience influence Ibadan medical students' preference for radiology specialty(2013) Atalabi, O. M.; Adedokun, B. O.; Agunloye, A.Item Misconception about ultrasound among Nigeiran women attending specialist and tertiary health institutions in Ibadan(2012-08) Adekanmi, A. J; Morhason-Bello, I. O; Atalabi, O. M.; Adedokun, B. O.; Adeniji-Sofoluwe, A. A.; Marinho, A. O.Background: In women health, ultasound is well established as a safe tool, and it is often the first imaging modality employed in the, screening, investigation and treatment of conditions in obstetrics and gynaecology. However, women's misconceptions about health issues, aetiology and treatment of diseases conditions may have negetive impact on thier health care seeking behaviour. Client's perspective of diagnosis including investigation process is therefore crucial in health care. This study aimed at finding out the misconceptions expressed by clients about ultrasound, and the potential predictors associated with this attitude among women in Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3137 women who presented for transabdominal ultrasound scan between August and November 2010 in two referral hospitals in Nigeria. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed applying logistic regression analysis; predictors of misconceptions expressed by clients about ultrasoung, and misconception among women in Nigeria were identified using SPSS statistics (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) version 17 software. Results: The mean age of the women was 33.8 years (standard deviation=7.0), with 88.8% currently married. More than half of the respondents had tertiary education (56.6%), followed by secondary school education (34.5%), primary education(7.8%) and no formal education (1.1%). There were 59 women who held the misconception that ultrasound was dangerous to health accounting for 1.9% of the study population. The reasons given by this group of women included; 'ultrasound can kill or destroys the body cells'(35.6%); 'it can cause cancer' (15.3%); 'the radiation is only dangerous to some organs of the body' (6.8%); 'it can harm or deform the fetus'(6.7%); 'it is only dangerous when exposure is frequent'(5.1%) and 'only dangerous when handled by unskilled medical personnel' (1.7%). Conclusion: This study provides insight to the wide range of issues about clients' perception and misconception regarding ultrasound safety. These issues have to be addressed to improve better compliance and patronage about ultrasound scans in Nigeria. We suggest that robust conseling sessions is imperative to address all the views and possible concerns of clients to improve better service delivery.Item Low field MR imaging of sellar and parasellar lesions: Experience in a developing country hospital(2011) Ogbole, G. I; Adeyinka, O. A.; Okolo, C. A.; Ogun, A. O.; Atalabi, O. M.Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an advancement which followed computed tomography (CT) is expensive and inaccessible in most dveloping countries. However it is the procedure of choice in evaluating sellar and parasellar lessions. Its major advantages are its superior soft tissue contrast differentiation, its capacity for multiplanar imaging and nonexistence of ionising radiation. Its use is relatively new in Nigeria, a developing economy in Africa. Since its introduction in 2005, it has been utilised extensively for neuroimaging at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan; a large hospital is south-western Nigeria. Objective: To review the role and pattern of low field MR imaging in sellar and parasellar lesions presenting to a tertiary care centre in Nigeria. Methods: All 62 patients with clinically suspected sellar and parasellar masses, referred to the department of Radiology, UCH Ibadan for MRI between December 2006 and January 2010 were retrospectively analysed. The examinations were performed using an open 0.2T permanent magnet MR unit. T1W, T2W,T2/ FLAIR, TOF and T1W post gadolinium DTPA sequences of the sellar region were obtained. Result: Of the 62 patients, there were 27 males and 35 females. The modal age group was 40-49 years with a mean age of 39.94 years (±16.65years). Twenty-four cases (38.7%) had histological daignosis, of which 20(83.3%) were consitent with initial MRI diagnosis. Pituitary adenomas were the commonest (58.06%) lesions of the sellar and parasellar regions. Others include parasellar meningiomas, cranipharyngiomas, and gaint aneurysms. Headache and visual impariment were the major presenting features and showed no significant correlation with tumor size. Conclusion: The use of low filed MRI in the diagnostic evalauation of patients with suspected sellar or parasellar lesions in developing countries of low economic resource is commendable as it provides beneficial outcomes in management.Item The lumbosacral radiographs in the initial screening of low back pain- is one view enough?(2011-07-09) Atalabi, O. M.; Ogunlade, S. O.; Agunloye, A. A.Background: Radiological imaging is mandatory, when investigating patients with low back pain (LBP). A minimum of three plain radiographic views of lumbosacral spine are routinely requested for by the attending clinicians. Objective: The study therefore carried out to determine if only one view will be sufficient in the initial screening of patients with low back pain. Material and Methods: The antero-posterior (AP) and lateral plain radiographs of patients referred to the radiology department on account of low back pains in an eighteen month period (June 2007 to Novermber 2008) were reported by two certified radiologists. The findings were subjected to statistical analysis. The kappa agreement for two independent reports was between 0.602 and 0.908. Results: The radiographs for 638 patients were reviewed. 365 (57.2%) were females and 273(42.8%) were males. The age ranged from 20 years to 85 years with a mean of 56.4 years. Within the age group of 20-69 years, females were found to significanlty present earlier than with LBP (P<0.041). The AP view had a significantly higher rate of reported normal findings that the lateral view (p<0.000). Osteophytic outgrowth was the commonest finding in both views although the rate of detection was higher on the lateral view, as with the other abnormal findings. Conclusion: This study shows that the lateral radiographs show significantly more findings than AP on plain radiographs. It is therefore recommended that lateral radiograph is adequate in the initial screening of patients with low back pain.Item Early endoscopic realignment of traumatic anterior and posterior urethral disruptions under caudal anaesthesia- a 5-year review(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Int J Clin Pract., 2010-01) Olapade-Olaopa, E. O.; Atalabi, O. M.; Adekanye, A. O.; Adebayo, S. A.,; Onawola, K. A.Objective: We recently described early rigid retrograde endoscopic realignment of the disrupted urethra under caudal anaesthesia in the outpatient setting. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate our medium-term results. Patints and methods: A retrospective review of patients who had early rigid retrograde endoscopic realignment of traumatic urethral disruptions in our institution over a 5 -year period was done and relevant data extracted was analyzed. Results: Fourteen acutely ruptured urethras (10 psoterior and four anterior) were endoscopically realigned early in the study period. Nine (90%) of the posterior disruptions occured at bulbo-membranous urethra (distal to the external sphincter mechanism). Thirteen of the rupted urethras (93%) were successfully realigned (nine posterior and four anterior) and postoperative clean intermitten self-callibration (CIC) was instituted in 10 patients. The mean follow-up period was 36.6 months (range 18-54 months). The meanoperating time and the median hospital stay were 22min(range8-68min) and 3 days (range 1-10 days), respectively, and were shorter in patients with injuries of the anterior urethra than those with potent and continent. Two patients required additional procedures (direct vision internal urethrotomy or urethral dilation) and one patient has remianed on CIC. i.e. a stricture rate of 21%. Conclusion: Early retrograde endoscopic realignment under caudal analgesia is sutiable and cost-effective for patients with acute traumatic urethral disruptions and has good meduim-term results. In additon, an early psot-operative regimen of CIC significantly reduced stricture-formation in our series.Item Prevalenc of abnormal bone minieral density in HIV-positive patients in Ibadan, Nigeria(West African College of Surgeons, 2013) Alonge, T. O.; Okoje-Adesomoju, V. N.; Atalabi, O. M.; Obamuyide, H. A.; Olaleye, D.; Adewole, I. F.Background:There have been reports of high rate of abnormal bone mineral densities (BMD) among people living with HIV. Following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) into Nigeria, the country is now home to increasing population of HIV positive patients. There is paucity of data about osteoporosis/osteopaenia and bone mineral density in this population. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of osteopaenia/osteoporosis in a cohort of HIV-positive patients in Nigeria. Patients and methods: The BMD of a group of patients attending the outpatient clinic of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria was assessed using a DXA machine. The relationship of bone mineral density to body weight, CART status, protease inhibitor use, and gender was investigated. Their CD4 counts and viral load were also estimated. Result: A total of 1005 patients participated with a mean age of 41.3 ± 10 years. There were 724 females (72.0%) and 29.7% were single. The median length of diagnosis was 2 years (Range 1-18 years). The Median CD4 count was 371cells/ml and Median viral load was 200 copies/ml. Of this sample, 785 (78.1%) were on CART with 99 (12.6%) on protease inhibitor. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.7±4.7 with 9.2% underweight and 10% obese. The prevalence of osteopaenia and osteoporosis were 46.6% and 31.9% respectively, while 19.6% had normal bone mineral density (BMD). Osteoporosis was significantly higher in those aged above 40 years (p= 0.00001), the females (p= 0.022), the single (p=0.028) and the underweight (p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in BMD of those with or without protease inhibitor containing medications as well as treatment naïve patients. Conclusion: A high prevalence of abnormal bone mineral density was found in HIV positive patients in Nigeria. Patient age above 40 years and a body mass index class of underweight were significant associated factors. Routine bone mineral density assessment is recommended as an adjunct in the evaluation of HIV positive patients in Nigeria.Item Sonographic evaluation of testicular volume in neonates in Ibadan, Nigeria(West African College of Surgeons, 2015) Atalabi, O. M.; Adeniji-sofoluwe, A. T.; Aremu, I. O.Background: The testes are responsible for the production of spermatozoa and testosterone in man. Relaible and accurate determination of testicular volumes is of great potential benefit in evaluation of patients with a variety of disorders affecting testicular growth, development and function. Ultrasonography (USS) provides a good and reliable tool for determining testicular volume when objective, accurate and reproducible measurements are required. This can be done in an easy and patients friendly manner. USS is readily available, cheap and does not invovle the use of ionizing radiation; hence its suitability in neonates.Aim:To determine the normal value for mean testicular volume in neonates using ultrasonography and to correlate testicular volume with weight, gestational age, and length as well as body mass index, so as to have a baseline reference value which will aid in prompt identification of neonates with testicular abnormalities for further evaluation and timely intervention. Design of the study: A multi-centre prospective cohort study. Study Setting: Radiology departments of the Univeristy College Hospital, Adeoyo General hospital and Eleta Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Materials & Methods: A total of 411 healthy male neonates had testicular ultrasound performed in the labor wards and post natal wards of the University College Hospital, Adeoyo General Hospital and Eleta Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Testicular mean volume was obtained using the Lambert formular (length x width X height x 0.71). The statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 17.0 was used to analyze the data obtained. Results: The mean left testicular volume in this study was 0.276cm3+ 0.08925 while the mean right testicular volume was 0.278cm3+0.09233. The overall mean testicular volume in neonates was 0.28+ 0.09cm3no significant difference between the right and the left testes (p=0.000). There is a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between testicular volume and the birth weight, height, and body mass index but no correlation between the testicular volume and the gestational age at delivery. Conclusion: This study showed that the mean testicular volume was 0.28+0.09ml with no significant difference between the right and the left testes. There was a positive correlation between the birth weight, height and the body mass index and the volume of the right and the left testes but no correlation between the testicular volume and the gestational age of the neonatesItem Essential radiology for trauma in a primary health care setting(2016) Atalabi, O. M.Item Prevalence of abnormal bone mineral density in HIV_postive patients in Ibadan, Nigeria(2013) Alonge, T. O.; Okoje-Adesomoju, V. N.; Atalabi, O. M.; Obamuyide, H. A.; Adewole, I. F."Background:There have been reports of high rate of abnormal bone mineral densities (BMD) among people living with HIV. Following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) into Nigeria, the country is now home to increasing population of HIV positive patients. There is paucity of data about osteoporosis/osteopaenia and bone mineral density in this population. Aim and objectives:The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of osteopaenia/osteoporosis in a cohort of HIV-positive patients in Nigeria. Patients and methods:The BMD of a group of patients attending the outpatient clinic of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria was assessed using a DXA machine. The relationship of bone mineral density to body weight, CART status, protease inhibitor use, and gender was investigated. Their CD4 counts and viral load were also estimated. RESULTS:A total of 1005 patients participated with a mean age of 41.3 ± 10 years. There were 724 females (72.0%) and 29.7% were single. The median length of diagnosis was 2 years (Range 1-18 years). The Median CD4 count was 371cells/ml and Median viral load was 200 copies/ml. Of this sample, 785 (78.1%) were on CART with 99 (12.6%) on protease inhibitor. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.7±4.7 with 9.2% underweight and 10% obese. The prevalence of osteopaenia and osteoporosis were 46.6% and 31.9% respectively, while 19.6% had normal bone mineral density (BMD). Osteoporosis was significantly higher in those aged above 40 years (p= 0.00001), the females (p= 0.022), the single (p=0.028) and the underweight (p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in BMD of those with or without protease inhibitor containing medications as well as treatment naïve patients.CONCLUSION:A high prevalence of abnormal bone mineral density was found in HIV positive patients in Nigeria. Patient age above 40 years and a body mass index class of underweight were significant associated factors. Routine bone mineral density assessment is recommended as an adjunct in the evaluation of HIV positive patients in Nigeria."