Music

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Start date: 2018End date: 2019

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    Song Melody and Speech Tone Conflict in Translated Yoruba Christian Hymns
    (Yoruba Studies Review 7(1):1-18, 2018-07-11) Owoaje, T; Adegbola, T
    This article engages song melody and speech tone conflict in translated Yoruba Christian hymns between the late 19th and early 20th century. In their effort to make early Yoruba Christian converts sing Christian hymns in the church, European missionaries translated English hymns to Yoruba, and sang them to the original European hymn tunes. Yoruba being a tone language, requires a significant level of correlation between song melody and speech tone, for the words to retain their original meaning when sung. The tripartite constraint of aligning melody, meter, as well as meaning, posed a major problem to the hymn translators. Having given priority to melody and metre, the translators therefore, tend to compromise on meaning, thereby producing Yoruba hymns that will sound interesting melodically, and correlate metrically with the metre, but producing hardly meaningful words when sung. This study utilized samples from Iwe Orin Mimo, being the Yoruba translation of a range of hymns in Hymnal Companion, Hymns Ancient and Modern, and some other hymn books popularly used by the Church Missionary Society (CMS). The work presents a graphical illustration of the disparity between the hymn tunes and the speech tone of the Yoruba language. It also highlights the efforts of indigenous composers in correcting the perceived error through re-composition of the first stanza of selected hymns, to which they wrote more stanzas that align with the theme of the first stanza. The inappropriately translated Yoruba hymn books have remained strong institutions within the church and have therefore, continued to promote the use of the translated hymns in the Yoruba church.
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    ‘Orin Ori-Oke’: A thematic examination of songs used in Ikoyi prayer mountains, Osun State, Nigeria
    (Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative Group, 2018) Samuel, K. M.; Ajose, T. S.
    Prayer Mountaineering is a dominant religious activity practised by Christians in Africa; it represents a culture of setting apart specific spaces such as groves, thick forests, hilly places and mountains, river banks and so forth by African Indigenous Churches (AICs) for spiritual exercises. Prayer Mountains were peculiar places where founders of many AICs encountered divine interactions and over time have become places where a myriad of religious activities, including observance of prescribed period of seclusions, offering of special prayers and related activities take place. There is a proliferation of Prayer Mountains in Oyo, Osun and Ekiti states. While religious, social and economic activities of Prayer Mountains have received scholarly investigation, no known study has examined their musical activities. This study, therefore, investigates the musico-cultural practices taking place in Ikoyi Prayer Mountains, Osun State, Nigeria, using ethnographic research approach. It also identified thematic orientations and attendant dynamics embedded in the song texts. Songs were musically represented using Sibelius 7.5 music notation software and data subjected to content analysis