Physiotherapy

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Stroke Rehabilitation: When Should Ambulation Activities Commence?
(Medical Rehabilitation Therapists (Registration) Board of Nigeria, 2002) Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Stroke is an important cause of disability worldwide. It results in considerable impairments such as sensory, motor, mental, perceptual and language functions. The motor deficits are characterized by hemiplegia and attendant physical limitation. Independent walking function is a highly desired goal among stroke survivors. It is therefore not surprising that recovery from the illness is often measured using ambulation as yardstick by both the patients and their relatives. This strong desire for ambulation often leads to pressure on the attending physiotherapist to commence ambulation promptly. However, some factors need to be taken into consideration by the physiotherapists before commencing ambulation in stroke rehabilitation. This article looks into issues that should be addressed before training ambulation in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation.
Efficacy of Kraus-Weber Exercise Protocol in the Management of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain
(Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics & Orthotics and Rehabilitation Programmes, 2003) Hamzat, T. K.; Awolola, E. O.; Adeniyi, A. F.; Olaleye, O.A.
Objective: This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of Kraus-Weber exercises in the management of chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP). Design: The equivalent group experimental design was used in the study. Sample Size and Sampling Technique: Thirty volunteer participants with diagnosis of CMLBP took part in the study. The fish bowl technique of simple random sampling was used to assign subjects into either the experimental (Kraus-Weber) or control (non-Kraus-Weber) group. Interventions: Pain intensity, lumbar spine flexibility and functional abilities confidence level (FACL) were assessed before and after 6 weeks of treatment. Subjects in the experimental group were treated using Kraus-Weber exercise, heat therapy, massage and back care education. Subjects in the control group were also treated with heat therapy, massage and back care education excluding Kraus-Weber exercise. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Student t-test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rho). Significance was set at 0.05 alpha level. Results: Results obtained showed that there was no significant difference in the pre-treatment parameters of the two groups studied. There was significantly greater reduction in the post-6-weeks treatment pain intensity and significantly higher post-treatment functional abilities confidence level of the experimental than the control group subjects. Patient's abilities confidence level was found to increase as their pain intensity decreased. Conclusions: Kraus-Weber exercise is an effective tool in the management of CMLBP when combined with heat therapy, massage and back care education. Kraus-Weber exercise in addition to other modalities was therefore recommended in the management of CMLBP.
Health-Related Behaviour of Students of Federal College of Agriculture, Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan
(Royal People Limited., 2004) Hamzat, T. K.; Okpeze, C. N.; Olaleye, O. A.
The emphasis on health services is shifting from curative measures and hospital-based care to preventive behaviour that promotes health. This new approach involves every member of the society. A study of 132 students of the Federal College of Agriculture and Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan was carried out to investigate their health-related behaviour. Health related behaviours are steps taken to preserve one's own health and avoidance of detrimental behaviours. One hundred and eighteen (89.39%) of the students engage in sporting activities. Only 6.06%, 9.85%, 24.24% and 10.61% of the students smokers, drinks alcohol, drinks coffee and chews Kolanut respectively. Majority of the Students (78.03%) live a stress-free life. This result shows that only a few of the students exhibits negative health-related behaviour while the majority has positive-related behaviour. It was recommended that positive attitudes and healthy lifestyles should be encouraged among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria.
Injury Pattern of FIFA, CAF and UEFA Soccer Tournaments: A Retrospective Study of Selected 2002 Matches
(South African Society of Physiotherapy, 2004) Hamzat, T. K.; Adeniyi, A. F.; Awolola, O. E.; Olaleye, O. A.
This retrospective study was undertaken to detail the injuries sustained by players in the 2002 event of the Federation of International Football Association (FIFA) male senior world cup, Confederation of African Football (CAF) male nations' cup and Union of European Football Association (UEFA) clubs championship competitions. This was aimed at determining the frequency, causes, severity and treatment modalities of injuries sustained in selected matches at these three competitions. Twenty-four matches (eight from each tournament) were randomly selected from the pool of matches played. Video tape footage of the selected matches was reviewed to assess the possible cause and severity of injuries, parts of the body injured and different lines of injury management undertaken during these tournaments. The data are presented using frequency, percentages and means. A total of III injuries were recorded. CAF matches had the highest occurrence of soccer injuries (42.34%). The knee was the most commonly injured part of the body in each of the three competitions (FIFA-23.5%, CAF-14.9% and UEFA-20.0%). Ice-massage therapy was used extensively in the three tournaments. Knee injuries were most commonly caused by tackling attempts. Most of the injuries sustained were minor and the leading immediate therapeutic intervention was cryotherapy.
Standing asymmetry and functional ability in relation to gait parameters in hemiparetic stroke patients
(Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics & Orthotics and Rehabilitation Programmes, 2006) Hamzat, T. K.; Olaleye, O. A.; Adeniyi, A. F.; Awolola, E. O.
Objective: Relationships between some temporospatial gait parameters and each of functional ability and standing asymmetry (measured as asymmetry ratio) in hemiparetic stroke patients were investigated. Design: Ex-post facto research design. Sample Size: Thirty-one (18 males and 13 females) patients with hemiparesis, aged between 35 and 65 years (56.97 ± 11.53) were consecutively recruited from the physiotherapy out-patient facility of a Nigerian teaching hospital. Measurements: Two weighing scales were used to measure relative standing weight distribution on each lower limb and subsequently converted to asymmetry ratio (AR), while functional ability was determined using the modified motor assessment scale. Gait parameters were assessed using foot print analysis, obtained during a 10-metre walk test. Pearson's correlation matrix (r) was calculated to establish relationship at 0.05 alpha. Results: Results showed a significantly negative correlation between asymmetry ratio and each of stride length, step length and functional ability (p<0.05). Significantly positive correlation was found between motor function and cach of stride length, step length, cadence, walking speed and step time (p<0.05) were obtained. Conclusion: The lesser the standing asymmetry in stroke patients, the better their motor functions and gait performance. Programmes aimed at enhancing weight bearing activities through the paretic lower limb, to attain standing symmetry, may be used to enhance functional ability and produce better gait functions in post-stroke patients.
Development and Evaluation of a Primary HealthCare-based Physiotherapy Intervention and its Effects on Selected Indices of Stroke Recovery
(MA Healthcare Ltd, 2013) Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.; Owolabi, M. O.
Aim: To develop a Primary Healthcare-Based Physiotherapy Intervention (PHCPI) that requires simple, inexpensive, easy-to-use equipment for stroke rehabilitation and evaluate its effects on selected clinical indices of recovery among post-acute stroke survivors over a 10-week period. Methods: Three databases (Medline, Pubmed and PEDro) were used to identify treatment approaches with proven efficacy. The authors synthesised these treatment approaches to develop the PHCPI, which was used in a repeated measure design involving 25 (mean age=60.6 ± 10.2 years) consenting individuals with first-incidence stroke. These individuals were treated at a primary health centre, twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS), the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), before the intervention and fortnightly thereafter. Walking speed and quality of life were also assessed before the intervention and at week 10 of it. Results: Within-subject multivariate analysis, after controlling for gender, showed a significant increase in motor function, postural balance, walking speed and quality of life. Their community reintegration scores also improved over the period. Conclusion: The PHCPI resulted in improved motor function, community reintegration, walking speed, postural balance and quality of life among community-dwelling stroke survivors. This intervention can be used for stroke rehabilitation at primary health centres.
Stroke Rehabilitation: Should Physiotherapy Intervention be Provided at a Primary Health Care Centre or the Patients’ Place of Domicile?
(Informa Healthcare, 2014) Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.; Owolabi, M. O.
"Purpose: This randomized controlled trial compared the outcomes of physiotherapy intervention on selected indices of recovery for stroke survivors treated at a primary health centre group (PHCG) with those treated in their respective places of domicile group (DG). Methods: Participants were 52 individuals comprising 24 males and 28 females who had suffered a stroke and were recently discharged from two inpatient health facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. They were randomly assigned into either the PHCG (n=25) or DG (n = 27) and treated twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks using a physiotherapy intervention protocol comprising a battery of task- specific exercises. The outcomes measured were motor function, balance and handicap assessed using the modified motor assessment scale (MMAS), short-form postural assessment scale for stroke (SF-PASS) and reintegration to normal living index (RNLI), respectively, as well as walking speed which was assessed using a standard technique. Results: Between-group comparison using the General Linear Model revealed no statistically significant difference in both the pre- and post-intervention scores of the two groups on the MMAS, SF-PASS, RNLI and walking speed in both PHCG and DG (p>0.05). However, within-group comparison yielded a statistically significant difference in each of the indices of stroke recovery measured across the 10-week period in both groups. Conclusion: Physiotherapy intervention at the primary health care centre and respective homes of stroke survivors similarly improved clinical outcomes. Treatment at any of these locations may enhance access to physiotherapy after stroke in a low- income community like Nigeria. "
Functional Ability, Community Reintegration and Participation Restriction among Community-Dwelling Female Stroke Survivors in Ibadan
(Jimma University (Research and Publications Office), 2014) Hamzat, T. K.; Olaleye, O. A.; Akinwumi, O. B.
"BACKGROUND: Stroke is not gender-discriminatory. Yet, the subject of stroke among females has apparently not received significant attention from clinical researchers. The consequences of stroke include functional and psychosocial sequelae which may cause disability, hinder community reintegration and restrict participation. The inter-relationships among functional ability, community reintegration and participation restriction of community-dwelling, female stroke survivors in Ibadan were assessed in this descriptive study. METHODS: Fifty-two community-dwelling female stroke survivors (mean age = 56.55±9.91 years) were surveyed using consecutive sampling technique. Their functional ability level was measured using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) while London Handicap Scale (LHS) was used to assess their participation restriction. Data were analyzed using Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (rho) and Mann-Whitney U test at p = 0.05. RESULTS: Significantly positive correlations (p< 0.05) were found between functional ability and community reintegration (r = 0.54; p = 0.01) as well as between participation restriction and community reintegration (r = 0.34; p = 0.05). Individuals with left hemiplegia had significantly higher mean rank scores in functional ability (30.41) than those who had right hemiplegia (mean rank scores = 21.94). CONCLUSION: Functional ability which appears to be related to stroke laterality showed positive association with both community reintegration and participation restriction. This suggests that improving the functional ability of the stroke survivors may reduce participation restriction and enhance their reintegration into the community. A similar study which compares male and female stroke survivors in the same community is thus necessary. "
Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy and their Age-matched Controls
(Pan African Association of Neurological Sciences (PAANS), 2014) Adegoke, B. O. A.; Adenuga, O. O.; Olaleye, O. A.; Akosile, C.A.
Background: Caring for a child with cerebral palsy (CP) could negatively impact the quality of life (QoL) of the mothers who are usually the primary caregivers. Studies on the impact of caring for Nigerian children with cerebral palsy on the mothers’ quality of life are not common hence the quality of life of mothers of children with cerebral palsy (MCCP) and age-matched mothers of typically developing children (MTDC) were compared in this study. Methods: Eighty mothers (40 MCCP and 40 MTDC) participated in this cross-sectional survey. Participants in both groups had their quality of life assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQoL-BREF). Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests with alpha level set at 0.05. Results: The two groups were not significantly different in their ages (p = 0.14). The mean overall QoL score of the MCCP (62.83±17.83) was significantly lower than that of the MTDC (68.87±8.51) (U=590.0; p=0.04) just as scores for overall health perception (U=576.5; p=0.03). Religion, educational status and occupational status had no significant influence on the QoL scores of mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusion: Caring for a child with CP significantly impacted on the QOL and health of the mothers, irrespective of their socio-economic status. Measures to improve quality of life and health of mothers of children with cerebral palsy should be incorporated in the management of CP with emphasis on identified areas of need.
Comparison of Community Reintegration and Selected Stroke Specific Characteristics in Nigerian Male and Female Stroke Survivors
(Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2014) Hamzat, T. K.; Ekechukwu, N. E.; Olaleye, O.A.
This study investigated the difference between community reintegration of male and female stroke survivors and the association between gender of stroke survivors and some selected stroke specific characteristics (type, side of paresis and occurrence) Fifty-two patients (25 males and 27 females) recruited from hospitals in Nigeria took part in the study. Community reintegration (CR) was assessed three months post-admission discharge using the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI). Demographic and stroke-specific characteristics were obtained using a data form. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test. Level of significance was set at p = 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 61.21 ± 11.25 years (range 31 – 86 years). There was no significant difference (p = 0.173) between the community reintegration scores of male and female participants. There was also no significant association between gender and each of the selected stroke specific characteristics such as type of stroke (p = 0.279); side of paresis (p = 0.250) and occurrence of stroke (p = 0.670). Community reintegration scores of male and female stroke survivors are not significantly different. There is no significant association between gender and each of the selected stroke specific characteristics.
Informal Stroke Caregivers’ Satisfaction with Healthcare Services in a Tertiary Healthcare Centre in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Athens Alexander Technological Educational Institute, 2014) Akinpelu, A. O.; Olaleye, O. A.; Odole, A. C.; Otaiku, O. A.
Background: Many of the consequences of stroke affect not only the stroke survivor but also the informal caregiver. Most studies on informal stroke caregivers in literature are on the effects of care giving on the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of these carers. Considering the important role informal caregivers play in the rehabilitation process of the stroke survivor, there is the need to consider their views and expectations from care received by their care recipients. Objectives: This study investigated the satisfaction of informal stroke caregivers with healthcare services being received by their care recipients in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan. Methodology: Fifty consenting informal caregivers (12 males, 38 females) of stroke survivors receiving in-patient care on the medical wards of a tertiary healthcare facility participated in this cross-sectional survey. A self-developed, 3-part questionnaire adapted from the Caregivers’ Satisfaction with Stroke Care Questionnaire was used for this study. Results: The data collected was summarized using descriptive statistics of mean and percentages and illustrated with pie charts. Most of the participants (44%) were children of the patients. The results obtained showed that 48% of the participants were highly satisfied, 48% were satisfied while only 4% reported dissatisfaction. Areas of dissatisfaction were quality of food, water supply, electricity supply, waiting time and information about the condition of their care recipients. Conclusion: This study showed that the extent of satisfaction of informal stroke caregivers with inpatient care at the University College Hospital was good. It has also shown the need to routinely assess the satisfaction of informal carers with services being provided in the hospital for the purpose of quality assurance.
Integrating Physiotherapy into Primary Health Care Practice in Nigeria: A call to action.
(African Journals Online., 2014) Hamzat, T. K.; Olaleye, O. A.
In Nigeria, Physiotherapy is often regarded as a second-contact health service suitable only for secondary and tertiary health facilities that are usually located in urban centers. Yet many patients who require the professional services of a physiotherapist are unable to access it either as a result of non-availability of physiotherapy centers and or non-affordability by the populace occasioned by cost and distance to location of the health facilities. Bringing physiotherapy closer to the doorsteps of those who need it in low-income societies can be ensured through its inclusion in primary health care models. This is because Primary health centers are located with short distances in the community and are funded by the government. We discussed the relevance of primary health care physiotherapy model in promoting health of the population and the feasibility of this model in a low-income society such as Nigeria.
Perceived quality of physiotherapy services among informal caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in Ibadan, Nigeria
(IOS Press, 2015) Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.; Oloso, M. O.
OBJECTIVE: Effective physiotherapy intervention for children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires that expectations of their caregivers be incorporated into treatment plans and strategies. This study explored the perceived Quality of Physiotherapy (QoP) for children with CP in Ibadan, Nigeria METHODS: This cross-sectional survey explored the perceived QoP using the SERVQUAL instrument among informal care givers of children with CP from two different healthcare facilities. Data was analysed using Mann Whiney U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests at p ⩽ 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-three informal caregivers (50 females, 3 males) of children with CP (32 males, 21 females) were surveyed. Fourth-fifths (81.13%) of the caregivers perceived the QoP service for their children as poor. The highest negative and positive ranks were in the tangible and responsiveness dimensions of the SERVQUAL respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that caregivers of children with CP perceived the quality of physiotherapy provided for their children as poor. This poor perception is related more to the tangible dimension of care. Strategies to improve care environment for children with CP and their informal caregivers should be implemented to engender satisfaction with care.
Association between Selected Indices of Adiposity and Lung Performance in Children with Cerebral Palsy
(Academic Journals, 2015) Ayo-Ogunseye, O. A.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have mobility impairments which may lead to problems with body weight. Increased body weight or adiposity may result in respiratory dysfunction. This study investigated the relationship between indices of adiposity and lung performance in children with CP in Ibadan, Nigeria. Twenty-four children with CP participated in this ex-post facto study. Anthropometric and spirometric parameters were measured following standard procedures. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and analysed using the Pearson's Product Moment Correlation at p = 0.05. Body mass index (BMI) was not significantly related (p > 0.05) to the indices of lung performance measured, but subscapular skinfold (SSF) thickness was significantly related with chest excursions at the 4th (r=-0.43) and 9th (r=-0.42) ribs. Quadriceps skinfold thickness (QST) was also significantly related with chest excursions at the 4th (r=-0.61), 7 (r = -0.60) and 9th (r = -0.50) ribs and the respiratory rate (p=0.03) but not with FVC, FEV, FEV/FVC and PEF (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated that increased adiposity is associated with decreased respiratory excursion in children with CP. Therapeutic intervention for children with CP should include components aimed at controlling obesity.
Psychosocial Impact of Wheelchair Usage on Individuals with Mobility Disability in Ibadan, Nigeria
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2015) Hamzat, T. K.; Olaleye, O. A.; Agbomeji, O. T.
Background: Wheelchairs provide individuals with mobility impairments opportunity for independent living within their environment. However, using this device may have psychosocial impacts with consequent influence on the quality of life of the users. The psychosocial impact of wheelchair usage among individuals with mobility disability in a Nigerian community was investigated. Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey. People who have been independent users of wheelchair for a minimum of six months prior to the study were recruited from centres for people with disabilities in Ibadan, Nigeria into the study. A profile of their use of the device was documented and the psychosocial impact of wheelchair was assessed using the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p = 0.05. Results: Sixty consenting individuals with mobility disability participated in this study. Their mean age was 38.7±14.1 years. Majority (90%) were manual wheelchair users and two-thirds (63.3%) had been using the wheelchair for d” five years. Approximately a third of the participants use their wheelchairs occasionally. There was no significant difference (p=0.26) in the psychosocial impact of wheelchair usage between male and female users. Conclusion: The psychosocial impact of wheelchair was similar between male and female users. However, the impact was higher on the self-esteem of male than female users and lower on their competence than that of their female counterparts. This may be due to stigmatization or a culturally related unwillingness of men in our environment to be dependent on others.
Quality of life of Nigerian stroke survivors and Its determinants
(2015-01) Badaru, U. M.; Ogwumike, O. O.; Adeniyi, A. F.
The disability caused by stroke could lead to significant decline in the level of functioning and deterioration of quality of life (QoL). QoL assessment could be used to evaluate the impact of stroke, assist in planning effective treatment, appraise efficacy of stroke rehabilitation, and evaluate cost effectiveness in order to justify expenditures on health care. This article reviewed the QoL of Nigerian stroke survivors and also identified its determinants. More than 70% of the studies on QoL of Nigerian stroke survivors have been conducted the in South Western part of Nigeria, and few from other parts of the country. The reported mean ages of stroke survivors in the published studies ranged between 54.40 years and 62.8 years. Stroke has moderate impact on QoL of Nigerian survivors, though they experienced lower QoL than their apparently healthy counterparts. The physical, social and emotional domains of QoL were all affected. Language and vision domains were however least affected. Stroke severity, disability and depression are the important predictors of QoL among Nigerian stroke survivors. The influence of motor recovery on QoL of Nigerian stroke survivors in the acute and sub-acute stages of recovery is subject to further research.
Clinical and Psychosocial Predictors of Community Reintegration of Stroke Survivors Three Months Post In-Hospital Discharge
(Jimma University, Ethiopia., 2017) Ekechukwu, N. E.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
BACKGROUND: There appears to be a dearth of published literature on the biopsychosocial predictors of community reintegration (CR) among stroke survivors. This study aims to investigate the clinical and psychosocial predictors of CR among stroke survivors three months post in-hospital discharge. METHODS: Fifty-two stroke survivors took part in this prospective exploratory study. The participants’ clinical attributes of motor function (MF), balance (Bal) and psychosocial characteristics of Fall Self- Efficacy (FSE), Balance Self-Efficacy (BSE), Self Esteem (SEst) and Social Support (SS) were assessed pre-discharge and at three months post-discharge. CR was also assessed at three months post-discharge. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Pearson’s Moment correlation and multiple regressions. Level of significance was set at p = 0.05 RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 61.21±11.25 years with mean hospital length of stay of 5.31±3.71weeks. There were significant differences in the mean MF, Bal, FSE, BSE, SEst and SS scores of the participants pre- and post-discharge (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant correlation between CR and each of MF, Bal, FSE, BSE, SEst and SS. Pre-discharge Age (β = 0.226, p = 0.001) and FSE (β = 1.387, p = 0.040) significantly predicted CR. Post-discharge age (β = -0.164, p = 0.005) and Bal (β = 0.142, p = 0.048). FSE (β = 1.243, p = 0.034) also significantly predicted CR. CONCLUSION: Age, Bal and FSE are important predictors of CR among stroke survivors. Therefore, rehabilitation programmes should focus on improving Bal and FSE in order to enhance community reintegration among stroke survivors.
Utilization of Physiotherapy in the continuum of stroke care at a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, 2017) Olaleye, O. A.; Lawal, Z. I.
Objectives: To investigate the pattern of referral for and utilisation of physiotherapy in the continuum of stroke care at a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Referral notes and medical records of patients admitted in the University College Hospital, Ibadan with a clinical diagnosis of stroke between January, 2009 and December, 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Information on age, sex, type of stroke, length of hospital stay, referral for physiotherapy and utilisation of physiotherapy were retrieved. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and analysed using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 783 patients with stroke were admitted in the hospital during the period under study. The in-patient mortal ity rate was 37.2%. The mean Length of Hospital Stay (LoHS) was 16.17±12.34 days. Referral rate for physiotherapy was high (75.8%) and the mean time from admission to referral for physiotherapy was three days. Majority of patients referred utilised physiotherapy (63.4%) and mean number of physiotherapy sessions received during in-patient care was 8.69±6.45. There was a significant association between LoHS and utilisation of in-patient physiotherapy (p=0.02). Conclusion: The referral rate of stroke patients for physiotherapy was relatively high. Utilisation of in-patient physiotherapy reduced length of hospital stay among patients with stroke. Utilisation of out-patient physiotherapy was low. Strategies to enhance out-patient utilisation should be explored.
Knowledge and Perception of Nigerian University Undergraduates about the Risks Associated with using Commercial Motorcycle for Transportation
(Zambia Medical Association, 2017) Ajayi, O. O.; Fatudimu, M. B.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background and Purpose of Study: Commercial motorcycle is a popular mode of mass transportation in Nigeria, which despite its acknowledged benefits has been associated with health and social problems. It is embraced largely by young Nigerians, including university undergraduates who have not been well studied with respect to this mode of transportation. We determined the proportion of undergraduates of a Nigerian university regularly using commercial motorcycle. Level of knowledge and perception of risks associated with usage and some factors that may influence choice of commercial motorcycle were also investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among Nigeria premier University of Ibadan undergraduates, recruited from their halls of residence using consecutive sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was hand distributed to obtain information on the respondents' socio-demographic variables, knowledge and perception of risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transportation. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Chi- square test was used as inferential statistics at á = 0.05. Results: Among the 1000 respondents, 75% regularly used commercial motorcycle for transportation. A statistically significant association was found between gender and the knowledge of risks (p? 0.001) and also between age and the perception of risks associated with using this mode of transportation. However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge (p=0.03 and perception of risks (p=0.97) associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport between users and non- users. Conclusions: Respondents had limited knowledge and low perception of the risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport. Strategies should be put in place to educate these youths on the risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport.
Disability and Quality of Life among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Zambia Medical Association, 2017) Olaleye, O. A.; Adetoye, A. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background: Improvements in medical and pharmacologic management of HIV/AIDS has led to increased life expectancy for the afflicted individuals. Hence, the focus of management for People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has shifted to issues relating to function and Quality of Life (QoL). Information is scarce on disability issues and quality of life among people living with HIIV/AIDS in Nigeria. This was the premise of this study that assessed the level of disability and how it related to quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, the largest city in Nigeria. Methods: 360 PLWHA (274 females; 86 males) aged 37.79±9.37 years participated in this study. They were recruited from the anti-retroviral clinics of one secondary and one tertiary healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Disability and QoL were assessed using the 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and the WHOQOL_HIV Bref respectively. Data were analysed using Chi square and Kruskal Wallis test at p = 0.05. Results: Almost a quarter (23.6%) reported being currently ill, with HIV/AIDS-related symptoms accounting for the highest perceived illness (42.5%). Majority of these participants (71.1%) had mild to extreme disabilities. There were no significant associations (p > 0.05) between disability and each of age, sex and employment status. Disability was however, significantly associated with level of education, alcohol use, CD4 count, history of tuberculosis and QoL (p<0.005) between disability and each of age, sex and employment status. Disability was however, significantly associated with level of education, alcohol use, CD4 count, history of tuberculosis and QoL (p<0.001) Conclusion: Disability was relatively high among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria. Although mostly rated mild, disability was associated with poor QoL. This underscores the need for early identification of disability in people living with HIV/AIDS to minimise its impact on their QoL.