INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN STUDIES
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Item Wheelbarrow livelihoods’, urban space and antinomies of survival in Ibadan, south west Nigeria(Liverpool University Press, 2019) Adebayo, K.; Akinyemi, A.Wheelbarrows are a common sight in Nigerian cities where they function as an instrument of work among the urban poor. This paper explores how the wheelbarrow is increasingly deployed as a ‘mobile shop’, and describes the livelihoods of urban subjects who use it for street trade and space appropriation in Ibadan, Nigeria. Using 30 in-depth interviews, non-participant observation and picture documentary, we analyse how wheelbarrow street traders reconfigure urban space in everyday encounters with space managers who tax and exploit space users. Findings show that marginal urban subjects invest in wheelbarrows and exert personal agency to create ‘wheelbarrow livelihoods’. The participants use the tool to reconfigure urban space access and negotiate ‘presence’ in the city and engage in ‘visibility’ struggles with shop owners. People on the social margins of cities thrive by adopting livelihood strategies that enable them to occupy and maintain a presence in contentious urban spaces.Item Tokunbo and chinco economies in Nigeria: rethinking encounters and continuities in local economic transformations(2015-12) Adebayo, K.As encounters and interactions of Nigeria with Western and Asian economic powers intensify and deepen, the Nigerian economy continues to undergo transformations. This paper explores and compares Tokunbo and Chinco economies in this transformation process. As products of processes and patterns of incorporation of Nigeria into the world-economy, Tokunbo refers to an economy that relies on trade in second-hand, imported goods from the West while the Chinco economy is a recent creation through the influx of cheap China-made goods. They are parallel economies existing alongside, but mostly dominating, the local economy whose capabilities have been largely eroded as a result of decades of being in a protracted static position as a periphery nation. Their emergence is intricately connected to the overpowering juggernaut of global capitalism and the opportunistic tendencies and resolve of local entrepreneurs and transnational traders to participate in, as well as benefit from, the deepening incorporation of local market into the world-system, even if it means doing so as low-end actors. Also, while they are characteristically distinguishable, their logic and destabilising consequences are the same in a periphery nation. This calls for a rethink and critical reflection on the value of transnational processes which is currently intensifying in the face of global systems expansion, particularly the sort of trans-nationalism that is being facilitated by China’s interest in African countries.Item Socio-economic context of begging among elderly in Nigeria(2014) Adebayo, K.; Fayehun, O.; Falase, O. S.; Adedeji, I. A.This study utilised a context-based analysis of field observations and fifteen in-depth interviews to examine how begging is practiced by the elderly in a city in Southwestern Nigeria. As both sub-categories of beggars in the population and the larger elderly persons in the society, elderly beggars are a distinct demographic group whose needs differ from the rest of the population. Adopting a livelihood perspective as the exploratory frame, the study explains how beggary constitutes a rational response to economic, social, physiological, institutional and structural imperatives, adopted b) old people as a strategy for improving their wellbeing. The study concluded that in trying to eradicate begging among elderly, the context of their emergence must be duly examined and given considerable attention in the policy process. Efforts should also be directed at supporting households headed by the elderly as means of removing the most fundamental social and economic situations that promote begging among oh people.Item The media, informal learning and ageism in Ibadan, Nigeria(2014-06) Fayehun, O.; Adebayo, K.; Gbadamosi, O.In recent decades, public perceptions of old people have been shifting towards negativity. Stereotypes of ageing may shape behaviours towards the aged, and may complicate the social, nutritional, psychological and health conditions of the elderly. The perception and attitude of people toward the aged cannot be separated from the informal learning outcomes that flowed through or permeated their interactional episodes as well as their encounters and specific events. From the premise of cultivation theory, it is assumed that the stereotypes surrounding beliefs and attitudes about the aged are cultivated from informal, everyday learning through the media. Thus, study examines ageism among young people and the extent to which these beliefs match the ways the elderly are portrayed in the media. Using Nollywood movies as an example of media form to which young people in Nigeria are exposed, the study tests the hypothesis that convergence exists in the extent of ageist beliefs and representations in the media among students of tertiary institution in Ibadan. The result shows that all the dimensions of ageism measured through the modified ageing quiz are represented or enacted in Nollywood movies. While respondents have ageist perceptions of their own, the representations of older persons they encounter in movies are not so different. One effective way to address ageism is to employ the channel through which these stereotypes were constructed in the first place. Through informal learning arrangements, advocacy may be kick-started by exposing the aged and other members of the society to accurate information on what ageing entails.Item Code of ethics and public morality in Nigeria: a development praxis(Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, 2014-09) Akanle, O.; Olutayo, A. O.; Adebayo, K.Nigeria today remains rooted in poverty and underdevelopment regardless of huge promises to deliver dividends of democracy to the people and jumpstart development in sustainable manners. Unfortunately, it is possible to trace the disconnections between promises and outcomes to critical governance and development contextualities of code of ethics, public morality and accountability in the country. Thus, this article explored the contours of these contextualities and x-rayed their existences, implications for development and sustainable pathwaysItem Fuel subsidy in Nigeria: contexts of governance and social protest(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014) Akanle, O.; Adebayo, K.; Adetayo, O.Purpose – Fuel subsidy removal has become a recurring issue in Nigeria. Successive governments in the country have interfaced with this issue as they attempted to reform the economy and the petroleum downstream to reduce corruption and waste and make the sector more effective. Importantly however, fuel subsidy removals have always met opposition from the citizens and civil society organisations. The remit of this article is to bring original and current perspectives into the issue and trajectories of fuel subsidy, which has become a major problem in Nigeria’s development struggles. Previous works were dated and did not capture most recent popular uprising. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Purely primary, empirica and normative with primary insight. Findings – A major mechanism that must be put in place is popular and unpoliticized anti-corruption mechanisms and networks especially to sanitize the oil sector in the minimum. Also, government must demonstrate transparency and accountability across sectors and spending including at the government house. Sufficient palliatives like public transport and dedicated social services for the really poor is important before subsidy is implemented. Until these are done, government’s intention to successfully Remove Subsidy For Development (RS4D) may be a mirage! Research limitations/implications – This paper presents details of an international work with evolving issues. Originality/value – The paper argues that subsidy removal that will lead to high fuel prices appears unjustified given the wide income gap between workers in Nigeria and those in other oil-producing nations.Item Deregulation and privatization in Nigeria: the advantages and disadvantages so far(Academic Journals, 2013-07) Kalejaiye, P. O.; Adebayo, K.; Lawal, O.The economic principles of deregulation and privatization were first introduced in Nigeria in the 1980s through the policy of structural adjustment programme (SAP). Since then, government monopolies had disappeared in many industries and over 85 public enterprises (PES) in mining, education, health, agriculture, transportation and telecommunication were transferred, either fully or partially to private owners. The dangers of these principles, however, hardly ever occur to the average Nigerian until recently when the government declared a no-going-back decision to privatize the downstream sector of the petroleum industry. Today questions are being asked about the essence of privatization in Nigeria and it is the focus of this paper too to ask probing questions into the nature, practice and the context of deregulation and privatization in Nigeria. The inquiry centers on the benefits and the expected challenges that have come to characterize the ideas of the two concepts. However, from the content analysis of literature reviewed, the authors showed that the outcome of deregulation and privatization in Nigeria is mixed generally, having both positive and negative socio-economic consequences. Therefore, the paper concluded with recommendations to reform the reform through the involvement of labour unions, increased socio-economic stability and the establishment of more efficient regulatory agencies.Item Fuel subsidy in Nigeria: contexts of governance and social protest(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014) Akanle, O.; Adebayo, K.; Adetayo, O.Purpose – Fuel subsidy removal has become a recurring issue in Nigeria. Successive governments in the country have interfaced with this issue as they attempted to reform the economy and the petroleum downstream to reduce corruption and waste and make the sector more effective. Importantly however, fuel subsidy removals have always met opposition from the citizens and civil society organisations. The remit of this article is to bring original and current perspectives into the issue and trajectories of fuel subsidy, which has become a major problem in Nigeria’s development struggles. Previous works were dated and did not capture most recent popular uprising. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Purely primary, empirica and normative with primary insight. Findings – A major mechanism that must be put in place is popular and unpoliticized anti-corruption mechanisms and networks especially to sanitize the oil sector in the minimum. Also, government must demonstrate transparency and accountability across sectors and spending including at the government house. Sufficient palliatives like public transport and dedicated social services for the really poor is important before subsidy is implemented. Until these are done, government’s intention to successfully Remove Subsidy For Development (RS4D) may be a mirage! Research limitations/implications – This paper presents details of an international work with evolving issues. Originality/value – The paper argues that subsidy removal that will lead to high fuel prices appears unjustified given the wide income gap between workers in Nigeria and those in other oil-producing nations.Item Deregulation and privatization in Nigeria: the advantages and disadvantages so far(Academic Journals, 2013-07) Kalejaiye, P. O.; Adebayo, K.; Lawal, O.The economic principles of deregulation and privatization were first introduced in Nigeria in the 1980s through the policy of structural adjustment programme (SAP). Since then, government monopolies had disappeared in many industries and over 85 public enterprises (PES) in mining, education, health, agriculture, transportation and telecommunication were transferred, either fully or partially to private owners. The dangers of these principles, however, hardly ever occur to the average Nigerian until recently when the government declared a no-going-back decision to privatize the downstream sector of the petroleum industry. Today questions are being asked about the essence of privatization in Nigeria and it is the focus of this paper too to ask probing questions into the nature, practice and the context of deregulation and privatization in Nigeria. The inquiry centers on the benefits and the expected challenges that have come to characterize the ideas of the two concepts. However, from the content analysis of literature reviewed, the authors showed that the outcome of deregulation and privatization in Nigeria is mixed generally, having both positive and negative socio-economic consequences. Therefore, the paper concluded with recommendations to reform the reform through the involvement of labour unions, increased socio-economic stability and the establishment of more efficient regulatory agencies.Item The cultural domains of Nigerians’ work ethics(Department of Sociology Faculty of the Social Sciences University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012) Akanle, O.; Olutayo, S.; Adebayo, K.