Psychology

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Catastrophizing, pain and disability in patients with non-specific low back pain
(Elsevier, 2015) Ogunlana, M. O.; Odole, A. C.; Adejumo, A.; Odunaiya, N.
Background: Attention has been drawn to examining the contributions of “catastrophising” to the prediction of pain and disability in individuals with low back pain (LBP). Objectives: This study investigated the proportion of patients with LBP who engaged in catastrophic thinking about pain and its association with pain intensity and disability. We also investigated the components of pain catastrophising that is predictive of disability. Methods: A total of 275 participants with nonspecific LBP completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the quadruple visual analog scale, and the Revised Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (RODQ). The associations among pain intensity, disability, and catastrophising were investigated using t test. The components of catastrophising that best predicts disability were investigated using multiple linear regressions, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The majority (85.5%) of the participants had LBP for more than 6 weeks, with 45.5% of the participants having moderate disability and 52.7% being high catastrophisers. High catastrophisers to pain had a significantly higher rating of pain intensity (p < 0.001) and higher score on the RODQ than low catastrophisers to pain. The main components of catastrophising that predicts disability were magnification (p < 0.001) and rumination (p= 0.006). Conclusion: Clinicians should screen patients with nonspecific LBP for a heightened level of catastrophic thinking and endeavour to manage such when present.
Fear of HIVsusceptibility influencing burden of care among nurses in South-East NIgeria
(Scientific Journal, 2013) Asuquo, E. F.; Adejumo, P.; Etowa, J.; Adejumo, A.
HIV/AIDS currently is a major cause of disability and mortality especially in sub-Saharan Africa. As the population affected by HIV/AIDS increases, so does the burden of this chronic disease and the challenges associated with caring. HIV scourge in Nigeria has been overwhelming since 1992 with debilitating impacts and this study presents the extent of fear of susceptibility and the level of caregivers burden among Nigerian nurses. To direct the study, three special objectives and one hypothesis were raised, which were to determine the extent of fear of susceptibility and perceived seriousness of HIV, to ascertain the percentage of nurses who tested to know their HIV status and the associated level of caregivers burden among nurses. The study also determined the relationship between fear of susceptibility and caregiver’s burden. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 210 nurses caring for people living with HIV/AIDS in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires and relevant validated scales such as Zarit Burden Interview [1] and abridged Champion Health Belief Model Scale [2] were used to elicit data. Results revealed that the majority of 41.0% respondents nursed fear of susceptibility despite the practice of universal precaution and perceived HIV as a serious and life threatening infection, 36.0% were not sure of their experience and 23% had no fear of HIV. 33.8% respondents experienced mild to moderate level of burden, 27.2% respondents experienced moderate to severe level of burden while 15.7% experienced severe burden. A Chi Square value of 68.2 at P < 0.05 was obtained showing a significant relationship between fear of susceptibility and caregivers burden. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for nursing and health care and recommends the implementation of educational opportunities to allay fears and minimize caregiver burden among nurses and other health care professionals.
Ethical oversight of multinational collaborative research: lessons from Africa for building capacity and for policy
(The Association of Ethics Committees, 2007) Abayage, P. P.; Aborigo, R. A.; Adejumo, A.; Adeniyi, F.; Akrofi-Quarcoo, S.; Bagwasi, B.; Bankert, E.; Barugahare, B.; Boateng, O.; Borresen, C.; Chanda, T. C.; Clerk, C.; Dawood, H.; Dhai, A; Didia, B.; Dombo, I.; et.al.
Researchers and others involved in the research enterprise from 12 African countries met with those working in ethics and oversight in the United States as part of an effort to develop research ethics capacity. Drawing on a wealth of experience among participants, discussions at the meeting revealed five categories of issues that, warrant careful attention by those engaged in similar efforts as well as international policymakers and those charged with oversight of research. (1) Principal investigators should build 'true research teams' where members of the team are meaningfully involved in decisions regarding the protocol and its implementation. (2)There should be explicit discussion about the 'standard of care' at the outset of project planning that includes clarification of the terminology that is being used. (3) While internationally collaborative research may involve populations that have inherent vulnerabilities, it is important to recognize the limitations of host country solutions (such as elaborated consent processes) and look for means to negotiate appropriate protections for those willing to participate. (4) In conducting research involving biological materials it would be prudent to develop 'material transfer agreements at the outset of the study to clarify expectations and to minimize the likelihood of harm. (5) Those engaged in internationally collaborative research need to be alert to the potential conflicts of interests of host country ethics committees during the approval process and to take measures to manage them if they indeed exist.

Psychology

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