Psychology
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Item Exposure and connectedness to natural environments: An examination of the measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups(Elsevier, 2024) Swami, V.; Whitec, M. P.; Voracekc, M.; Tranc, U. S.; Aavikd, T.; Ranjbare, H. A.; Adebayo, S. O.; Afhamig, R.; Oli, A. h,; Aimei, A.; Olapegba, P. O.Detachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N =56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negli-gible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally.Item When no means no: psychosocial dynamics of self- efficacy for refusing sexual behaviour(Nigerian journal of clinical and councelling psychology, 2009) Olapegba, P. O.The study investigated between parents adolescent communication, attitude towards sexual abstinence and self-efficacy for refusing sexual behavior among adolescents in Ibadan metropolis. In a cross sectional survey, 200 adolescents were randomly sampled to respond to a structured questionnaire, their ages ranged between 11 and 20years. Result indicated that parents adolescent communication, religiosity, and attitude towards abstinence have joint influence on self-efficacy for refusing sexual behavior (F(3,197)=2.71: R2 =.21, p<.05. Also, parent adolescent communication, religiosity and attitude towards abstinence were found to independently predict self-efficacy for refusing sexual behavior. It then become pertinent that in a bid to stem the tide of HIV infection, indiscriminate sexual activities and their attendant negative consequences, parent adolescent communication should be strengthened, faith based advocacy/mobilization agents, premarital sex/marital infidelity should be adopted while attitudinal change programmes on sex education and consent should be explored.Item Psychological predictors of perceived quality of life among people living with HIV and AIDS in South West Nigeria(Journal of social development in Africa, 2013) Olapegba, P. O.; Idemudia, E. S.This study examined the dynamics of perceived social support and self-esteem in predicting perception of quality of life among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in South West Nigeria. One hundred and fifty nine (159) PLWHA selected using the purposive sampling technique participated in the study; the sample was made up of 46 males and 113females, aged between 19 and 72 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that perceived social support and self-esteem significantly jointly predicted perceived quality of life among PLWHA (p< .05). Self-esteem significantly independently predicted perceived quality of life(p< .05) while perceived social support did not significantly predict perceived quality of life. A t-test indicated no gender differences in perception of quality of life. The study therefore concluded that psychological interventions are required to shore-up the self-esteem of PLWHA alongside social support to enable them to cope better and be more optimistic and positive in their perception of quality of lifeItem Personality attributes and personal characteristics affecting job commitment of officers and men of Nigeria Police Force(European scientific journal, 2013) Olapegba, P. O.; Onuoha, U.C."Research in the job commitment literature has focused less attention on commitment of employees in protective service organizations, in spite of the fact that global security challenges may have affected the level of commitment of security personnel. The present study extended prior job commitment literature by examining personality attributes (cynicism) and personal characteristics as factors affecting job commitment of personnel of Nigerian Police Force. Using a cross-sectional survey design, three hundred and twelve (n=312) police personnel, consisting of 237 males and 75 females purposively selected participated in the study. Forty seven (47) respondents belonged to the officer cadre, while two hundred and sixty five (265) were non-officer cadre. A structured questionnaire comprising three sections; demographic information, cynicism scale and job commitment scale was used for data collection. Three hypotheses were generated from review of relevant literature and tested using t-test of independence. Results showed that cynicism had significant influence on job commitment, (t (310) =2.042, p<.05); cadre had significant influence on job commitment, (t (310) = 3.169, p<.05). There was no significant gender difference in job commitment, (t (310) = -.088, p>.05). The study concluded that cynicism predicted job commitment, and recommends personality profiling of prospective candidates as part of recruitment regime into the Nigeria Police Force. "Item Gender differences in responsible sexual behaviour of in-school adolescents(Gender & Behaviour,, 2013) Olapegba, P. O.; Idemudia, E. S.; Onuoha, U.C.There are indications that gender influences involvement in risky activities including sexually risky behaviour. The present study therefore sought to explore gender differences in responsible sexual behaviour among in-school adolescents. Using a cross-sectional survey design, two hundred and fifty In-School adolescents drawn from Secondary Schools in Ondo State, South West Nigeria participated in the study. Participants were made up of 97 (38.8%) males and 153 (61.2%) females, with ages ranging from 11 to 23 years with a mean of 15.5 and standard deviation of 2.7. A structured questionnaire containing two sections was utilized for data collection. Section A tapped demographical information such as age, sex, and religion while Section B is the sexual behaviour scale developed by Oluwatelure, (2011). The Cronbach alpha of the scale in the present study was .90. T-test of independent means was used to test the hypothesis. Result revealed significant gender difference in responsible sexual behaviour ( t (246) = -4.08; p<.05). Female adolescents were found to show significantly higher positive disposition to responsible sexual behaviour than male adolescents. It is thus recommended that intervention be put in place to infuse the virtue and values of responsible sexual behaviour in males while effort should be made to sustain and improve on responsible sexual behaviour among females.Item Academic accommodation of students with special needs in open/ distance education(International journal of distance education, 2010) Oyewumi, A. M.; Olapegba, P. O.The presence of individuals with special needs in any society is one reality that cannot be denied anymore, This study therefore, investigated academic accommodation of students with special needs in the open/distance learning mode, The study is a descriptive survey in 5 purposively selected tertiary institutions running open/distance learning programmes and 93 academic heads of departments were sampled. Data obtained from the survey through a structured questionnaire were analysed by frequency counts, simple percentages, means and standard deviations, Results revealed that there were 170 academic accommodation services in all the institutions sampled and the preparation of lecturers was low in academic accommodation of students with special needs. It was therefore, recommended that institutions operating open/distance 'mode of learn should get there programmes and physical environments modified to cater for students with special needs because they are an integral part of their potential student population.Item Condom use among students': the influence of condom self- efficacy, social norms and affective attitude towards condom(Journal of social sciences, 2008) Alarape, A. I.; Olapegba, P. O.; Chovwen, C. O.The study examined the influence of condom self-efficacy, social norms and affective altitude towards condom on reported condom use among university students. A total of 183 students participated in the study. Their age ranged between 15 and 32 years (Mean = 24, SD= 2.8). One hundred and fifty-one were single while 32 were married. The study revealed that condom self-efficacy, social norms and affective attitude towards condom play a significant role in reported use among university students. The implications of the findings on student sexual behaviour and condom use were discussedItem Influence of gender; age, religion and. ethnicity on peer- victimization among; primary four pupils in Ibadan, Nigeria(Karnla-Raj, 2006) Balogun., S. K.; Olapegba, P. O.; Opayemi, A. S.Peer-victimization has been found to be a universal phenomenon among children, which can lead to very grave consequences in the emerging adult, This study examined the influence of gender, age, religion and ethnicity on peer-victimization of 240 (131 boys and 109 girls) purposively selected primary 4 pupils in Ibadan metropolis, There was no gender difference in overall peer-victimization of primary school pupils, The Same patternwas observed in age, religion and ethnicity dimensions. It is then concluded that experience of peer victimization cuts across race and culture, its occurrence and dynamics are culturally universal. However, there exist some. Differences that can be attributed to cultural differences. Research efforts thus, should focus more on this area with emphasis on intervention and rehabilitation,Item Impact of widowhood cultural. practices and locus of control on perceived social support of widows in Anambra, Nigeria(Gender and behaviour, 2006) Olapegba, P. O.; ||Chovwen, C. O.This study examined the impact of widowhood cultural practices on perceived social support of widows. 185 widows purposively drawn from 16 Local Government Area in Anambra State participated in the study, with ages ranging from 26-90 years. Data collection was through the aid of a questionnaire consisting of widowhood cultural practices scale, the locus of control scale and perceived social support scale. Result indicated that widowhood cultural practices have significant effect on the perception of social support of widows; widows who experienced lenient form of widowhood practice have more positive perception of social support than those who experienced harsh form of practice. It was also found that widows with int~rna1 locus of control have more positive perception of social support' than those with external locus of control. The length of widowhood and age of widows were also found to affect perception of social support by widows. Thus, it is suggested that a cultural reorientation that enhances acceptance of widows should be encouraged. This would reduce the prevalence of practices that dehumanize widows and reduce them to psychological wrecks. Also, assertiveness training and other psychological buffers should be made available to boost the self-esteem of widows and make them relatively psychologically independent.Item Perceived sexual harassment as a consequence of psychosocial factors(International journal of psychology in Africa, 2004) Olapegba, P. O."Sexual harassment is a form of sexual violence that has become a social problem in our society, in the world, over there are accusations and counter accusations of one form of sexual harassment or the other in the work place. The academic environment is not left out of this problem, in fact, the prevalence and dimensions of the problem in the academic world is rather alarming and its effects on the psychological well-being of victims cannot be overemphasized. This study investigated the influence of personality traits (extraversion/ introversion, self-esteem) and some demographic variables (sex, age, work status, and marital status) on the perception of sexual harassment in 250 subjects from two academic communities (The University and Polytechnic of Ibadan). The result showed a significant effect of age, self-esteem. And extraversion on perceived sexual harassment, R2=. 083, F=5.37 P<.0l. Married women were also found to have higher perception of sexual harassment than single women t=2.95, df 89 P<.05 while work status has significant effect on perception of sexual harassment F(2,236) =10.4;P<.05. Riger's (1991), theory of attribution was used as a springboard in the discussion of the findings, psychological dynamics as well as implication of the findings for organization handling of harassment issues were highlighted."