Psychology
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Item Tracking the impact of research in Nigeria(The Postgraduate School, University of Ibadan, 2006) Gureje, O; Ogunnuyi, A.; Olley, B. O.Item Substance use, fear of future HIV infection and quality of life of household heads in rural and semi Urban communities of Ibadan,(Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, 2015-09) Olley, B. O.Quality of life (QOL) among household heads is important because it may serve as a mirror to underlying family psychopathology and well-being. This study examined pattern of quality of life of household heads and the role of substance use (tobacco and alcohol) in the impact of fear of HIV infection on quality of life among household heads in Nigeria. Five hundred and seventy nine (male: 77%; female 24%) household heads with mean age 43.9± 12.23 participated in the study. Mean quality of life were (24.64, SD = ±4.80) for physical (10.73, SD = ±2.11) for social, (24.57, SD =±4.56); for environmental, and (21.44, SD = ±4.11) for psychological). Multivariate analysis showed a significant effect of fear of future HIV infection on physical [F (3,564) = 13.367, p < .05}, and social [F (3,564) = 3.12, p < .05} qualities of life of household head respectively. A significantly effect of tobacco use was also observed on environmental quality of life [F (1, 564) = 85.313, p < .05}. A significant interaction effect of fear of future HIV infection and either alcohol or tobacco use on physical quality of life [F (2, 564) = 16.921 P < .05} was observed. Also shown was a significant interaction effect of alcohol and tobacco usage on the physical [F (1, 564) = 14.986, P < .05} as well as social [F (1,564) = 5.992, p < .05} qualities of life of the household heads. It was concluded that substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) may attenuate the impact of fear of future HIV/AIDS infection on quality of life of household heads in Ibadan, Nigeria.Item Date fighting and sexual risk behaviours among adolescents attending public schools in Ibadan, Nigeria(Ife Psychologia. Ife Centre for Psychological Studiesand Services, Ile-Ife and The Network of Psychological Studies of Women Issues Department of Psychology University of Ibadan Ibadan., 2015-06) Olley, B. O.The study seeks to examine the prevalence of date fighting and its role in sexual risk behaviours among 1079 boys and 1211 girls in 22 public secondary schools in Ibadan Nigeria. About 60% (1367) reported to have ever experienced at least a form of date fighting. Risk factors for date fighting in boys include, non use of condom at last sex, (OR: 3.67; 95% Cl: 3.23-4.22) current alcohol usage (OR: 1.67; 95% Cl: 1.99-2.05) belonging to a gang (OR:4.09; 95% Cl: 4.29- 5.95) and multiple sex (OR: 3.39; 95% Cl: 4.20-5.05). Among girls, the risks include multiple sexual partners (OR: 2.44; 95% Cl: 1.67-3.88) history of CSA (OR: 3.01; 95% Cl: 3.23-6.05) hawking after school hours (OR:2.22; 95% Cl: 2.76-5.96). A well designed and integrated psycho-educational intervention regarding date fighting and its inherent association to sexual risk behaviors should be part of the overall adolescent's reproductive health campaign in Nigeria.Item Perceived social support and emotional exhaustion in HIV/AIDS counselling(Ife Centre for Psychological Studies, 2014) Abikoye, G. E.; Olley, B. O.Counsellors have been identified as a group of professionals at elevated risk of burnout in general and emotional exhaustion in particular. Considering the nature of the illness, the multifaceted needs of the client, the relative paucity of available counsellors/counselling centers and various psychosocial issues connected with HIV/AIDS, the potential for emotional exhaustion is especially high among HIVIAIDS counsellors. Despite these problems, little or nothing is being done by way of rigorous research and ameliorative activities on this important issue. This study investigated emotional exhaustion among HIV/AIDS counsellors in Lagos State, Nigeria. Two hundred and forty purposively selected counsellors (170 females and 70 males with an average age of 34.19 years) participated in the cross-sectional survey. Results indicated that respondents were very high on emotional exhaustion. Results also indicated that counsellors who perceived high level of social support were indeed significantly lower on emotional exhaustion than those who perceived low social support as hypothesized, t (2, 238) = 4.67; <.05. Additionally, age, education and work experience significantly independently and jointly predicted emotional exhaustion {R=.50; F=26.01; P NS} by jointly accounting for about 25% of the variances in emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, significant influence of marital status on emotional exhaustion was found, (F(4,235)=7.83; P<.01). These findings were exhaustively discussed and recommendations were made, especially on the need for psychologists, researchers, practitioners, and other stakeholders to address emotional exhaustion among HIVIAIDS counsellors actively. This could improve both the lives of the concerned professionals and the quality of the services they provide.Item Social network characteristics, perceived drinking norms and hazardous alcohol use(Ife Centre for Psychological Studies, 2012) Abikoye, G. E; Olley, B. O.Efforts by researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders to bring about significant reductions in alcohol use among the youth appears not to be yielding desired results, as the problem of hazardous drinking among the youth has persisted. One possible problem is that studies and policies on alcohol have not adequately situated the problem within relevant social contexts. This cross-sectional study examined the influence of social network characteristics, perceived drinking norms and demographic variables on hazardous drinking among 1,315 adult males newly recruited into a youth empowerment scheme in a state in Southwest Nigeria. Data were collected using structured questionnaire. Results showed that about 18% of the respondents reported scores falling within the hazardous drinking zones while 13% were abstainers. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the extent to which each of the network characteristics and other factors predicted hazardous drinking. Age (β = -19; p<.05) and educational status (β = -16; p<.05) of participants significantly predicted hazardous drinking by accounting for about 15% of the explained variance in hazardous drinking. Social network characteristics accounted for about 33% of the explained variance in hazardous drinking. The importance of these and other findings of the study, and the need to factor in normative and social influences in alcohol-reduction intervention programmes were highlighted.Item Motivational counselling and cognitive behaviour therapy could reduce nicotine dependence risk among Nigerian adolescents(Ife Centre for Psychological Studies, 2010-10) Imhonde, H. O.; Olley, B. O.Cigarette smoking is a serious problem worldwide with enormous psychological implications among adolescents. Despite risk of smoking, intervention strategies to address this problem are inadequate in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to determine the relative efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing Supportive (MIS) counselling in reducing adolescents' nicotine dependence risk. Phase one of the study facilitated the documentation of code names, addresses, phone numbers, and school codes of all the participants. Participants who scored on the mean and above on the Nicotine Dependence Scale (NDS) in the first phase and expressed willingness to participate in the study were recruited for the intervention phase. Twenty-jive participants (20 males and 5 females each) were assigned to three intervention conditions, CBl; MIS and Waiting List Control Group (WLCG). ANCOVA results showed that adolescents in the two intervention groups reported significant reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked than those on the WLCG: F(2, 60) = 29.61, P < .05). Follow-up assessment showed that while adolescents exposed to CBT reported significant reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked at one month evaluation (P < .05), such effect was no longer observed at the three-month evaluation. Conversely, while there was no significant reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked by adolescents exposed to MIS at one month, there was a significant reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked at three-month evaluation (P < .05). Adolescents who were nicotine dependent benefited from the two psychological based intervention strategies for risk reduction. It is therefore recommended that such intervention programs should be incorporated in the school curriculum.Item The role of insecure and fearful attachment styles in sexual risk behaviors among HIV-positive women attending a support group in Ibadan, Nigeria(Ife Centre for Psychological Studies, 2010-12) Olley, B. O.The present study investigated the relationship between adult attachment style and unprotected sex among women living with HIV-positive in Ibadan. HIV-positive participants (N = 60) completed questionnaires assessing consistent condom use three months preceding study, multiple sexual partners, adult attachment, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Results revealed that insecure attachment styles (particularly negative attachment representations of self) and fearful attachment were associated with both number of none condom use in the past three months and having multiple sexual partners in the same period. Similarly negative self esteem and depressive symptoms were related to these high risk sexual practices. These relationships remained significant after controlling for self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. These results suggest the inclusion of relational factors such as attachment in HIV prevention.Item Profile comorbidity and impact of insomnia in the Ibadan(Elsevier Ltd., 2009) Gureje, O; Kola, L; Ademola, A; Olley, B. O.Objective: To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans. Method: Using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12-month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted with a regionally-representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n=2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM-IV major depressive disorder. Results: At least one insomnia problem was reported by 30.72%. Insomnia was more frequent among females, persons aged 70 years and over, and those who were unmarried. Insomnia was comorbid with major depressive disorder (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.5 – 6.1), chronic pain (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.2 – 6.1; particularly arthritis and spinal pain), and chronic medical conditions (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.8 – 2.5, particularly heart disease, high blood pressure or asthma). Persons with insomnia were more likely to report having had a fall in the previous year (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 –1.8) and, among those with fall, injury was more commonly reported by those with insomnia. Every form of insomnia was associated with decrement in quality of life. After controlling for comorbid mental and physical conditions, the β coefficients ranged between −17.9 and −20.0. Conclusion: Insomnia was highly comorbid with chronic physical conditions and with depression. These comorbid conditions partly but do not entirely account for the considerable decrement in quality of life associated with insomnia.Item Profile comorbidity and impact of insomnia in the Ibadan(Elsevier Ltd., 2009) Gureje, O.; Kola, L.; Ademola, A; Olley, B. O.Objective: To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans. Method: Using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12-month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted with a regionally-representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n=2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM-IV major depressive disorder. Results: At least one insomnia problem was reported by 30.72%. Insomnia was more frequent among females, persons aged 70 years and over, and those who were unmarried. Insomnia was comorbid with major depressive disorder (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.5 – 6.1), chronic pain (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.2 – 6.1; particularly arthritis and spinal pain), and chronic medical conditions (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.8 – 2.5, particularly heart disease, high blood pressure or asthma). Persons with insomnia were more likely to report having had a fall in the previous year (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 –1.8) and, among those with fall, injury was more commonly reported by those with insomnia. Every form of insomnia was associated with decrement in quality of life. After controlling for comorbid mental and physical conditions, the β coefficients ranged between −17.9 and −20.0. Conclusion: Insomnia was highly comorbid with chronic physical conditions and with depression. These comorbid conditions partly but do not entirely account for the considerable decrement in quality of life associated with insomnia.Item Profile comorbidity and impact of insomnia in the Ibadan(Elsevier Ltd., 2009) Gureje, O.; Kola, L.; Ademola, A.; Olley, B. O.Background: Little is known about factors that determine the QoL of elderly persons living in developing societies undergoing rapid social changes. Method: A representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n= 2152), was assessed for QoL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQoLBref). Other than sociodemographic factors, respondents were also evaluated for major depressive disorder, physical conditions as well as for social network, support and engagement. Using linear regression modeling, these factors were explored for their ability to predict the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains of QoL. Results:Economic status was the most consistent predictor of the four domains of QoL, with the coefficients ranging between 1.0 and 1.68 (p < 0.001 in every instance). Among health variables, functional disability (range: 7.07 – 19.86) and self-rated overall health (range: 7.89 – 18. 42) were the most salient. Participation in community activities (range 7.74 – 17.48) was the most consistent social predictor. As a group, social factors, especially those relating to social support and participation, were the strongest determinants of QoL. Conclusion: Even though health factors are important, social factors, in particular those relating to the quality of social support and participation, are the most important predictors of QoL.