Peace and Conflict Studies
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Item Beyond news broadcasting: television for peace making in South-Western Nigeria(Association of Media and Communication Researchers of Nigeria, 2018-10) Isola, O.O.; Bello, T. Y.Discourses on peace building roles of social institutions have become very core to achieving human security and egalitarian society. The role of the media has moved beyond reporting and providing early warning insight into human security threats to getting practically involved in Peace making and Peace building. This paper explores the role of television in Peace making activities and in providing platform for alternative dispute resolution at the grassroots. Five local television programmes, Olowogbogboro of Ogun State Television, Ijoko Ojogbon of Ondo state Television, So daa bee? of Oyo State Television, Mo gb’ejo mi de of Lagos State Television and Majiya gbe if Osun State Television served as case studies. The Social responsibility theory of the press served as framework while qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews of program producers, program panel members and disputing parties. Observations of live studio recordings of the five selected programs were done while analyses f program diaries were carried out. It is established that television programming is contributing to culturally relevant, flexible, accommodating and cheaper alternative Peace making processes and conflict resolution, complementing the formal justice system that is inaccessible to the poor and overwhelmed by civil and criminal cases. The programs deserve adequate support and encouragementItem Trends of illicit arms proliferation in Nigeria and curtailment strategies(Centre for Peace and Strategic Studies, 2017) Isola, O.O.Small arms proliferation has accelerated the rate of crimes, endangering civil security in Nigeria. Terrorism and escalating ethno-religious violent conflicts can also be traced to this trend. The situation which began since the end of the Nigerian civil war appears to have defied efforts to curtail it. The paper rationalised the situation from the frustration-aggression and weak or fragile state theoretical perspectives, it examined the factors that have contributed to the arms proliferation, the dynamics of demand and supply of small arms and the implications of the proliferation on national security and development. Several reasons have been attributed for the trend, including weak regional security’ arrangements in West Africa and porous security borders. Even though there are existing security and legal measures to stop the trend, it appears there is inadequate coordination among existing agencies to stop the trend. The paper suggests that government and the civil society need to demonstrate more commitments to exposing traffickers of small arms and strengthen the relevant agencies to stop their illegal activitiesItem Inter-faith conflict mediation mechanisms and peacebuilding in Nigeria(John Archers (Publishers) Limited, 2014) Isola, O.O.Religious conflicts have been prevalent in Nigeria in the last couple of decades. Currently, the country is experiencing a scourge of violent Islamic fundamentalism which is threatening its cohesion. Several violent religious conflicts in different parts of the country have pushed citizens to, sometimes, query the modalities of the very existence of the country within the context of the uneasy co-habitation of diverse people of over 250 cultures - in a country which had hitherto witnessed harmonious inter-cultural relationships for over a century. Several strategies, ranging from policy instruments, national dialogues (one was concluded in 2014), compulsory national youth service, civil and communal initiatives have been evolved to manage ethno-religious relationship among the diverse groups, but these seem to have failed in stopping religious conflicts in certain parts of Nigeria. Inter-faith mechanisms, which involve deliberate facilitation and management of interaction among the leaders and followers of dominant religious groups at the national, state and community levels have, therefore, been adopted by governments and community based organisations to directly address religious frictions and prevent such frictions from degenerating into violence. Inter-faith dialogues, education and enlightenments remain major features of inter-faith mediation, but these are also combined with the economic capacity building of religious adherents to distract them from the frustrations pushing them into religious violence. This paper aims at reviewing some of the interfaith peacebuilding efforts for reducing and managing religious conflicts in Nigeria and assessing how these efforts have been facilitating peaceful relationships among diverse religious groups in the country. Consequently, the paper will suggest ways of strengthening and improving such mechanisms to curtail the dangerous trend of Islamic radicalisation and proliferation of terrorism activities making the Northeastern part of the country ungovernable and spawning distrust, insecurity and uncertainty for the peopleItem Watching the watchdog: an analysis of Nigerian media performance during the 2011 general elections(2014-09) Isola, O.O.The general elections in 2011 in Nigeria took place amidst local and international skepticism about the competence of the ruling party to organize peaceful, free, fair and credible election. The election ended up being universally acclaimed as credible. The mass media played very important role in covering and reporting the election. Most of the media coverage was however concentrated on urban locations while the rural areas and the grassroots were largely neglected. The new media played prominent role during the election. Social media were adequately exploited by the electorates to share information and prevent irregularities that could have smeared the election. This trend largely contributed to the success of the election. Nigeria media appears to be maturing and gradually assuming its responsibilities in nurturing democracy, its institutions and practices in the country. With the assistance of the civil society, the media could divest itself of the ulterior influences that prevents it from providing appropriate leadership in growing democracy. The extent to which it could sustain its independence and improve the quality of its human resources would however determine how relevant and credible it would continue to be in the political firmamentItem Operational conflict management process between military peacekeepers and humanitarian NGOS in West Africa(2014-09) Isola, O.O.The face of peacekeeping activities across the globe has changed from traditional into wider peacekeeping since the end of the cold war. Hitherto, the task of peacemaking and peacekeeping was considered a purview of the military because of the complex task involved in persuading belligerent armed groups to lay down arms for peaceful negotiation to take place. Thus, during the cold war era, the activities of the United Nations Peacekeepers loomed largely in conflict zones across the world. However, there has been a remarkable increase in the involvement of regional organisations in spearheading peacekeeping and peace enforcement with mandates and support from the UN. There has also been a remarkable increase in the participation of non-state voluntary groups and organisations who contribute to relief activities and peace-building efforts in conflict zones as complements to military operations to mitigate the effects of armed conflictsItem Managed care: concepts and strategies for quality assurance(2013-02) Akintayo, M. O.; Karimu, O.; Isola, O.O.To understand the significance of quality assurance in Managed Care, there is need to examine the various relationships, strategies and ethics that exist within its system. Several types of managed care systems have gained popularity in the American health care system. Managed care plans adopt a number of techniques; some are directed at the behavior of physicians while others are directed at subscribers to the plan. Knowledge of the impact of legislative reforms such as HIP PA Act, Medicare and Medicaid on managed care is essential to understand physician-patient relationships. This research is exploratory because it utilizes existing literature and body of knowledge in health care to conclude that it is important to start reducing the risks of inappropriate financial incentives that may threaten the delivery of quality health care, as patient advocates must preserve fundamental duty of physiciansItem Post-independence mutation and changes in media archives keeping in africa: Nigeria’s perspective(Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, 2012) Isola, O.O.Item Non-violent protests and civil societies in Nigeria, 1993-1999(Peace and Conflict Studies Programme Institute of African Studies University of Ibadan, 2012-02) Isola, O.O.Non-violent methods of agitation for civic rights have been more successful in the 19th and 20th centuries than armed insurgencies and violent protests across the world. However, media and scholarship attentions have always focused on armed conflicts and unsuccessful non-violent protests. In Africa, there is a rich culture of non-violent agitations which not only contributes to preservation of lives but has successfully been used to transform societies. The study focuses on the non-violent methods adopted by democracy activists :o transit Nigeria from military dictatorship into democracy. The philosophical foundation, strategies, tactics, and methods of non- violent activities against military dictatorship are discussed. It is concluded that if the existing non-violent traditions and practices that helped in birthing democracy are nurtured, documented and disseminated appropriately among the population, they could sustain Nigerian extant fragile democracy and support the protection of civic rights of the peopleItem Conflict: causes, effects and management(2011-01) Isola, O.O.The paper attempts to explore the causes of conflicts and the effects that poorly managed conflict could have on the society. It establishes that while conflict is a usual phenomenon in any human environment, violence is destructive and unusual and conflicts should not be allowed to degenerate into violence. Skilfully managed conflicts can propel development in any human environment, but violence can lead to disintegration and destruction. Four methods of handling conflicts are discussed, each method having an implication on the outcome of conflict. Furthermore, the components of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) are discussed. The advantages of the ADR which accounted for its growing popularity globally over the adversarial court system are emphasized. Finally, the paper examines the role of youths in peace building and advocates for integration of peace education into the curricular of the educational institutions for the benefit of the youthItem Communication as tool for conflict management and conflict resolution(2010-06) Isola, O.O.Communication and conflict are intricately connected as a feature of every human society. Inadequate or poor quality of communication invariably leads to conflict at the individual level and it ultimately leads to social conflicts. However, if adequate attention is paid to communication dynamics in any relationship and in the society, the ultimate result is improvement and development in relationships and in the social environment. This paper examines the intricate web of communication and conflict by looking at the role of perception and stereotypes in the communication process and how it could aggravate social conflict. It analyses how some of the common errors committed in the communication process could lead to misunderstanding, and it makes suggestions on deliberate steps that could be taken to ensure that communication is adopted as a tool to enhance better understanding and quick resolution of conflicts