INSTITUTE FOR PEACE AND STRATEGIC STUDIES
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Item Vision and trust as vital elements for confronting leadership and govemance crises in Nigeria(JOHN ARCHERS (Publishers) Ltd., 2015-05) Aluko, B. A.This paper interrogates the leadership-governance matrix that defines the Nigerian situation. It adopts Richard Joseph’s prebendal/clientelistic mode of analysis of political organisation and behavior in Nigeria to interrogate the nature and character of the nation’s leadership. The paper examines the interface between the poor leadership quality of the nation’s political elite and the endemic bad governance that characteristically promotes mass poverty in the midst of abundant natural resources, unrelenting economic crises, kidnapping, terrorism and insurgency. The paper concludes that credence to the leadership and governance deficits in the country can only emerge when the nation’s leaders are driven by clear, political, social and economic vision that can engender the building and sustenance of public trust in both the leadership and the government of the Nigerian state by the diverse groups that constitute the nation.Item Enhancing parliamentary oversight for effettive security sector reform in democratic Nigeria(2015) Aluko, B. A.The provision of the most essential public good - security in accordance with the will of the people is very germane to the consolidation of democratic governance. Though, the Nigerian state is set to inaugurate her 8th National Assembly on 9th June, 2015, the capacity of the nation’s parliamentary body (National Assembly) to provide effective parliamentary oversight over the nation’s security sector for the establishment of a democratic security forces is grossly deficient. In light of this, the objective of this paper is to explore how the Nigeria’s parliamentary body can be energized in the performance of its oversight functions over the nation’s security sector. The study employed the descriptive survey research method. It was revealed that the inadequate capacity of the parliamentarians in the performance of their oversight functions partly accounts for the incessant violation of the fundamental human rights of the people by the nation’s security forces. Thus, it becomes imperative that the capacity of the nation’s parliamentary body to carry out her oversight responsibilities be greatly strengthened. This, the paper posits can be achieved when there is a considerable improvement in the knowledge base of the parliamentarians on the workings of the entire security sector and the logic and methods of her performance of the oversight functions and a comprehensive review of the constitution with a view to freeing the security forces from the exclusive control of the presidency. The paper concludes that it is only when there is an effective parliamentary oversight over Nigeria’s security agencies that the prevalent executive control over the sector can be moderated in line with democratic principles and practices.Item Corruption, militancy and their implications for development in peremabiri community in Bayelsa State, Nigeria(Society for Peace Studies and Practice, Abuja, 2017) Aluko, B. A.; Ogbofa, D. BThe phenomenon of corruption and militancy has become a serious threat to developmental efforts and good governance in Peremabiri community in Southern Ijaw local government area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The question is how can the disenabling issues be addressed to ensure sustainable peace and development for the community? The study used the greed/grievance theory and the pervasive theory of corruption to interrogate the forces driving corruption in the community. Qualitative data collected were content analysed to gain insight into how these disenabling phenomenon became entrenched for socio-political interaction in the community. It argues that militancy emerged in the community because of the level of corruption of the traditional rulers and their reliance on coercion to enforce compliance to their exploitative and oppressive rules. The paper concludes by emphasising the imperativeness of accountable, responsive and participatory governance as antidotes to corruption and militancy in the community.Item International court of justice judgment on the Nigeria-Cameroon borderland conflict: implications on Bakassi people(2018) Aluko, B. A.; Obodo, N. I.From time immemorial, States have been involved in various forms of border conflicts and the origin of these disputes is often times difficult to trace. For some of these conflicts, it can be said to have erupted due to the colonial ties shared by the States, for political motives or as a result of the natural resources found in such a border that will therein improve their economy. This paper analyses the border conflict that occurred between Nigeria and Cameroon which finally led the case to be taken to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to settle the conflict. The conflict is peculiar in nature because it is not a conflict over waterways or airspace but a conflict over a territorial space that involved a group of people. The settlement pattern in one way or the other has impacted on the people occupying the disputed area. Such implication goes further to infer that when a border dispute that involves a group of people is settled, there is an after effect of such settlement whether positive or negative in nature. The outcome of the verdict was to avert a war but the situation of the Bakassi people after the ceding over the Bakassi Peninsula has not been palatable. Using primary, secondary sources of data collection and social constructivism as its theoretical framework, the paper argues that both States accepted and complied with the verdict of the International Court of Justice as a result of protecting their identities thus shaping their interest. The paper also posits that though the verdict did not rule in favour of the Bakassi people and the Nigerian government as majority would have wanted due to its peculiar nature, but it prevented a major outbreak of war.Item Mainstreaming cooperative societies into peacebuilding knowledge networks for sustainable peace and development in Nigeria(2018) Aluko, B. A.Evidently, peace is a critical ingredient of socio-economic development in any polity. Unfortunately, the Nigerian State has become a theater of violence. Thus, socio-economic activities that could engender sustainable development of the nation are interrupted and hindered. The implication is that the top-down approach (track one diplomacy) for conflict prevention and peacebuilding in Nigeria needs to be complemented by the other tracks. In light of this, the question that looms large now is how do we energise the civil society to become an effective stakeholder in building peace in Nigeria? The paper examines how the nation's plethora of cooperative societies can be mainstreamed into peacebuilding knowledge networks for effective participation in peacebuilding activities. Qualitative data collected were interrogated using Stone’s elucidation of the rote of knowledge networks to articulate strategics for reinventing the nation’s cooperative societies to become effective agents for promotion of peacebuilding works. The paper concludes that these efforts would greatly strengthen the collaboration between the state and society. The collaboration, the paper shows, is required for effective implementation of peacebuilding initiatives meant to engender sustainable peace and development in the country.Item Electoral violence and its implications on voters participation in the 2019 elections in Ogun State, Nigeria(2019) Aluko, B. A.; Fakorede, G. A.Electoral security, peace, law and order are critical factors that facilitate effective voters’ participation in elections in particular and meaningful engagement in democratic processes in general. Unfortunately, electoral processes in Nigeria are characterised by high level of violence, most times culminating in the loss of lives and destruction of property. In light of the foregoing, this paper interrogated the rising phenomenon of elections related violence and its implications on voters’ participation in the 2019 elections in Ogun state, Nigeria. Our interrogation of the nation’s politic clearly revealed that the rising level of violence before, during and after elections was largely due to theprebendal nature of the nation’s politics. Predictably, the violence and high level of insecurity that characterised the 2019 political campaigns and elections in Ogun State, Nigeria negatively affected the level of voters’ participation in the political process. This paper concluded that the essence of democratic governance is realisable largely within the context of popular political participation and thus recommended the need to rejig the nation’s electoral system and politics towards promoting electoral security and good governance.Item Jailbreak recurrence as a new security threat in Nigeria(Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Ibadan, 2019-07) Aluko, B. A.; Okolie-Osemene, J.Nigeria Prisons Service is one of thè three arms of thè nation's criminal justice System; thè other two are thè police and thè courts. Prisons or jails are designed to accommodate any individuai or group of people, male or female, found to have broken thè law. However, inmates of such facilities sometimes forcefully free themselves from this confinement. This is referred to as jailbreak. Jailbreak has become a new form of threat to Nigeria's internai security. This paper examined thè emerging threat of jailbreak in Nigeria, thè implications of this trend on thè part of thè prisoners, prison officials, other law enforcement agencies and thè communities where prisons are located. Synthesised primary and secondary sources of data were used including key informant interviews and literature. This paper concludes that embarking on prisons reforms as an option for checkmating jailbreaks and would make prisons officials more accountable than what is presently obtainable.Item Boko haram insurgency in Nigeria: the imperative of institutionalising human rights-based approach to post-contlict peacebuilding in the North-East(2020-12) Aluko, B. A.The Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria has greatly devastated the north-eastern region of the country. Human beings have been killed in the thousands, millions displaced, and the very weak infrastructure hitherto in place completely mangled. The question that looms large in light of the horrendous situation in the north-east is: How can this problem be addressed towards promoting sustainable peace in the region? This is the concern of this paper. Against this background, Parlevliet’s four dimensions of human rights was employed as a framework of analysis for the interrogation of the conflict’s context and the framing of the discussion on the strategies that can be employed to promote sustainable peace in the region. It finds that the root cause of the violent conflict is prolonged human rights violations and abuse at both the vertical and horizontal levels of the society, respectively. The paper concludes that the key to the enthronement of sustainable peace in north-east Nigeria is a post-conflict peacebuilding process that is anchored on the institutionalisation of respect for human rights, especially at the levels of governance and social relations.Item An interrogation of the management strategies of the farmers and herdsmen conflict in Bayelsa State, Nigeria(2020-06) Aluko, B. A.; Ogbofa, D. B.Herdsmen and farmers conflict have become one of the major sources of insecurity and violence in Nigeria. This phenomenon has become widespread as virtually all the parts of the country is experiencing it, though in varying intensity. This paper assessed the approaches adopted in the management of the disenabling and destructive conflict by both the state and non-state actors in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Data were collected fforn both primary and secondary sources. The United Nations Guiding Principles in Business and Human Rights was used as a tool of assessment. Findings revealed that the Bayelsa State government's management approach, which was deficient in terms of local ownership was less effective while the Bayelsa State Conflict Management Alliance approach, an initiative of the civil society, succeeded a great deal in reducing the conflict and restoring peaceful coexistence between the herdsmen and the farmers. This study established that the Bayelsa State Conflict Management Alliance approach succeeded due to its employment of the United Nations principles as its fulcrum. Consequently, this paper argued for the need for conflict interveners to involve the local people, as advocated in the United Nations Guiding Principles in Business and Human Rights, in their engagements in conflict.Item Philosophy, culture and the quest for social order in Africa(2000) Aluko, B. A.