INSTITUTE FOR PEACE AND STRATEGIC STUDIES

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The aberrant Esie head as model: an insight into the styles and origin of the Esie stone carvings
(2000) Pogoson, O.I.
lfe is incontrovertibly the most important Yoruba town in terms of art, religion and culture, it is therefore advantaged as a possible source place to solve the problem of the enigma surrounding the Esie stone carvings. This hypothesis is pursed to the conclusion that lfe is the most likely place that could have conditioned the Esie stone carving in their present location. An aberrant stone head, the largest among the over 800 stone carvings found in Esie is stylistically and culturally compared and linked with other Yoruba stone carvings from lfe and indeed a group of naturalistically carved stones also identified among the Esie corpus. This leads to conclusion of an lfe impetus for the creation of the Esie stone carvings
Adolescent fast food consumption: implications for healthful living
(2012) Jacob, F. F.; Adio-Moses, R. O.
The development of quality of life requires conscious ana positive attitude towards safe living, healthy consumption and the understanding of individual responsibility in consumer health. Available evidences clearly suggest that adequate and quality nutrition is very necessary for adolescents to live a healthy life. The implication of fast food consumption on adolescents’ health is analyzed in this work thus; dietary need of adolescents, why adolescent's prefer fast food and finally the implications of eating fast foods. The authors believed that adolescents should consider living a healthy life and not one detrimental to their health due to wrong dietary habit. Adolescents should therefore be sensitized and encouraged through health education to make the right dietary choices.
An analysis of state of emergency preparedness and response of government to disaster risk management in Nigeria
(2019-02) Adio-Moses, R. O.; Taiwo, P. A.
Nigeria has experienced and is still experiencing varying degrees of both natural and man-made disasters with their adverse effects overtime exceeding the ability of affected societies to cope in the midst of available resources especially in the face of insurgency and terrorism. While intellectual discourses have focused on the effect and consequences of disaster, dearth of information exist on government‟s response and level of preparedness for disaster risk management especially from the analytical point of view. The paper focused on the nature and consequences of disaster, role of government in disaster risk management and problems affecting emergency preparedness and response from government. Disasters were seen to be sudden, calamitous and deadly in nature. Its types included natural disasters (e.g wild fire, floods, landslides, hurricanes, drought, damaging winds, tsunami, debris flow, hurricanes and volcanic eruption) and man-made disasters (economic collapse, terrorist attacks, chemical threat, biological threat, nuclear accidents, wars, explosions, oil and chemical spillage, fire, flood etc). Government role in disaster risk management included education, monitoring, coordination, data collation, research activities, policy making and prompt responses to prevent and control disaster at all levels. However, the hindrances included inadequacy in funding, education, coordination, research and planning. It is recommended that individual and collective effort be geared at improving education, funding and research coupled with governmental preparedness and prompt response towards the prevention and control of all forms of disaster in Nigeria.
Another reconsideration of the origin of the Tsoede Bronzes
(1998) Pogoson, O.I.
AN ASSESSMENT OF FAITH-BASED ORGANISATIONS AND PEACEBUILDING IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA, 1999-2012
(2016-12) OREBIYI, T. P.
Peacebuilding is central to establishing sustainable peace after violent conflict has de-escalated. Existing studies on peacebuilding in Kaduna state are replete with the roles of faith-based organisations. However, these studies have not optimally explored the effectiveness of activities by faith-based organisations on peacebuilding in Kaduna state. This study, therefore, examined the activities of faith-based organisations with a view to evaluating their strengths and weaknesses towards advancing peacebuilding in Kaduna State, Nigeria, from 1999 to 2012. The study was premised on social capital theory and adopted descriptive survey design. Three faith-based organisations (Interfaith Mediation Centre, Federation of Muslim Women Association and Development and Peace Initiatives of Catholic Church) in Kaduna were purposively selected because of their involvement in peacebuilding. Six hundred and fifty two respondents were randomly selected from seven local government areas (Markafi, Chikun, Kachia, Kaduna North, Kaduna South, Lere and Zango Kataf) in the three senatorial districts (Kaduna North, Kaduna South and Kaduna Central) where peacebuilding had been carried out. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on activities of faith-based organisations on peacebuilding and challenges experienced. This was complemented with five sessions of focus group discussions with members of staff of the faith-based organisations and 18 in-depth interviews with religious leaders and non-participant observations. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were content analysed. About 73.8% of respondents were aged 26-45 years, 47.7% were married and 58.8% were Christians. Respondents identified dialogue (62.8%), education (63.0%), advocacy (63.0%), and mediation (62.8%) as highly supportive activities of faith-based organisations on peacebuilding in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Workshops, peace accord signing among groups, counseling, enlightening campaign, community participatory programmes on governance and capacity building were some of the programmes that constituted activities of faith-based organisations on peacebuilding in Kaduna State. Each of the selected faith-based organisations had expansive social network, which included contacts that cut across religion, gender, age and ethnicity for the purpose of establishing sustainable peace between groups, institutions and the state. Rise in fanatical and intolerant groups (62.6%) and insufficient funds (63.4%) constituted challenges to faith-based organisations in advancing peacebuilding in Kaduna state. Long term presence, strong faith motivation for peacebuilding and spiritual authority were some of the strengths of the faith-based organisations. Accusations and risks of proselytising constituted the major weaknesses of faith-based organisations. Activities of faith-based organisations were fundamental to rebuilding of good communities’ relationship and development of constructive relations among conflicting groups in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Dialogue, education, advocacy, and mediation should be sustained for peacebuilding
Assessment of fire safety preparedness among residential staff of the University of Ibadan: promoting safety in homes for national development
(Research and innovation for National Development (RIND), 2017) Okanlawon, A. J.; Adio-Moses, R. O.
Fires in schools are a public concern because of the increased incidences, injuries and deaths of students and staff not to mention the destruction of properties. Despite this, schools seem not well prepared for fire disasters, The purpose of this study was to assess fire safety preparedness among residential staff in University of Ibadan. The research adopted a descriptive survey. The target population for this study consisted of all staff residing in the staff quarters. This study employed multistage sampling technique to obtain the sample population of 169 respondents. Data was collected by means of questionnaire, an observation schedule and structured interview guide. Data collected was analyzed through descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Based on the findings of the study, fire extinguishers are indicated not readily available in staff residential quarters with only 14.2% of residential staff indicating its availability; 57.4% of residential staff do not know how to use a fire fighting equipment; 85.2% of residential staff have not received any training on the use of fire fighting equipment. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers recommended that the university management should consider providing fire fighting equipment to staff residential quarters and should also be regularly inspected. Finally, residential staff should be trained on fire safety. The study suggested that a similar study should be carried out in other tertiary institutions in Nigeria to examine fire safety preparedness in schools, hence improve research and innovation in health and safety education for national development
Assessment of Knowledge and awareness of global warming among inhabitants of industrial areas of an urban community in Nigeria
(Academy of Business and Retail Management, 2016-03) Adio-Moses, R. O.; Aladejana, J. A.
Global warming with its attendant consequences such as extreme heat, natural disasters, poor air quality and allergens has increased health problems. The risk of injury, illness and resulting death among inhabitants are expected to be frequent and intense especially in areas with heavy industrial presence. The current low level of literacy and the socio-economic situation of Nigerians could be responsible for their low consciousness of this unpreventable changes in our climate in one hand and lack of willingness on the part of people to seek environmental health and safety information on the causes, effect and how to mitigate global warming on the other hand f This study focuses on assessment of knowledge and awareness of causes, effects and mitigating measures of global warming among inhabitants of industrial areas of Ibadan southwestern Nigeria. In this descriptive survey, purposive sampling technique was used to select 200 respondents from among the inhabitants of this area. A questionnaire with reliability co-efficient (r) of 0.78 was used for data collection. Two research questions were answered and three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Statistical methods such as Chi-square, frequency count, simple percentage and pie chart were used for data analysis. (Results showed that only 20% had 34.0% had negative attitude while 81 (40.5%) were indifferent, all the three hypotheses were rejected. Consequently, it was deduced that respondents have significant knowledge of global warming. In recommendation, people's environmental health seeking behaviour should be promoted through multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research and the development of inclusive environmental health and safety intervention strategies.
Assessment of media coverage of human rights abuses in internally displaced peoples’ camps
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2019) Isola, O. O.; Yusuf, T.
Assessment of residential overcrowding and associated health risk on the girl-child in low-income communities in Oyo State, Nigeria
(The Institute For Peace and Strategic Studies University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2018) Taiwo, P. A.; Adio-Moses, R. O.; Taiwo, Y. M.
The consequences of residential overcrowding on children in developing countries have attracted scholarly attentions with dearth of information on its health implications on the girl-child from large family sizes particularly among selected low-income communities in Akinyele local government area, Oyo state. This study adopted a descriptive and cross-sectional survey design using the epidemiological transition theory as framework for explanation. A s tinctured questionnaire was administered on 450 purposively selected parents with large family sizes, while 9 in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with parents and mothers respectively from 3 communities in the study area. Quantitative data were analyzed at the univariate and bivariate levels and presented using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, and inferential statistics of chi-square, while qualitative data were content analyzed. Majority (86.3%) were females, 93.7% were married while only 16.1% had tertiary education. About 70.0% of the respondents had more than 4 children and earned N40,000 and less monthly. Nearly half (49.3%) of the respondents resided in one room self-contain apartment with their children. A significant association existed between gender of children and risk of communicable diseases (X2’212.7, P=0.002). More female children experienced measles (55.7%) and always had cough (65.0%), than their male counterparts who experienced measles (45.4%) and always had cough (32.0%). The girl-child experienced sexual abuse, shame and inconvenience in maintaining personal hygiene because of other roommates of the opposite sex. There is need to educate and enlighten parents on the general implication of large family size, and specific health risk of overcrowding on the girl-child and she should be equipped with risk reduction skills as a coping mechanism. Government should also provide adequate housing for low-income and large families.
Awareness and consequences of human immuno deficiency virus disease among undergraduate students of university of Illorin
(2015) Onifade, O. A.; Adio-Moses, R.; Ologele, I.; Adigun, J. O.; Ogungboye, R. O.; Abikoye, A. I.; Oguntunji, I. O.
The study examined awareness and consequences of human immune deficiency virus disease among undergraduate students of University of Ilorin. Four research hypotheses were postulated and tested at 0.05 alpha level. The research design adopted for the study was survey type. Through simple random technique, five (5) departments were selected and a sampled size of four hundred and twenty was drawn from selected departments with the use of stratified sampling technique in the University of Ilorin, Kwara State. Data were collected with the use of researcher’s structured questionnaire already validated by the three experts in the field of Human Sexuality, Health Education and Sociology and tested with the use of test re-test reliability technique. A reliability coefficient of .75r was obtained. Demographic data collected were analyzed with the aid of frequency count and simple percentage while the postulated hypotheses were tested with the use of inferential statistics of Chi-square. The result of the study revealed that undergraduate students are significantly different in their awareness on causes, transmission routes, consequences and control of HIV/AIDS. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended that undergraduate students should abstain from indiscriminate sex, it is also recommended that HIV/AIDS education should be carried out by professional concerned in the universities.
Awareness of cervical cancer risk factors and utilisation of pap-smear testing among health workers in Ibadan, Nigeria
(The Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, 2017-03) Adio-Moses, R. O.; Sindama, H.
Cervical cancer is a major reproductive health problem among women in Nigeria, every woman who has ever been sexually active is at risk. Certain factors also increase the risk of developing the disease. Cervical cancer can usually be found early by having regular Pap smear tests but this test is rarely provided and hardly utilised by women. This study was aimed at finding out the level of awareness of female health workers and the level of utilization of pap smear testing. The study was carried out using descriptive survey research design and the total population of 623 health workers in government owned hospitals were used as respondents for the study. Only 502 of the structured questionnaire were returned. Reliability of the instrument was determined using a test-retest method with Pearson Product Moment correlation and it yielded reliability co-efficient of 0.73. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentage for the research question, while inferential statistics of chi-square and regression were used to determine the level and the direction of relationship between the independent and the dependent. The level of significance was set at p-value <0.05. The results shows that only 118 (23.5%) have had pap smear test while 384 (76.5%) have not. Also, awareness of cervical cancer risk factors was significant (X2cal 33.426, X2crit =11.071, df= 5, p< 0.05) among health workers. But, this awareness of the risk factors did not significantly influence (13 =.084, t= 1.069, p> 0.05) the utilization of pap-smear testing among female health workers in Ibadan. It is surprising to note that the awareness of cervical cancer risk factors did not influence the utilization of pap- smear testing among health workers in Ibadan. In recommendation, female health workers should be sensitised and encouraged to subject themselves to pap-smear testing as the experience will serve as a source of empowerment in their pivotal role of adviser and developing consciousness, reliance and cooperation of other women.
Awareness of cervical cancer risk factors and utilisation of pap-smear testing among health workers in Ibadan, Nigeria
(The Department of Physical and Health Education Faculty of Education University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, 2017-03) Adio-Moses, R. O.; Sindama, H.
Cervical cancer is a major reproductive health problem among women in Nigeria, every woman who has ever been sexually active is at risk. Certain factors also increase the risk of developing the disease. Cervical cancer can usually be found early by having regular Pap smear tests but this test is rarely provided and hardly utilised by women. This study was aimed at finding out the level of awareness of female health workers and the level of utilization of pap smear testing. The study was carried out using descriptive survey research design and the total population of 623 health workers in government owned hospitals were used as respondents for the study. Only 502 of the structured questionnaire were returned. Reliability of the instrument was determined using a test-retest method with Pearson Product Moment correlation and it yielded reliability co-efficient of 0.73. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentage for the research question, while inferential statistics of chi-square and regression were used to determine the level and the direction of relationship between the independent and the dependent. The level of significance was set at p-value <0.05. The results shows that only 118 (23.5%) have had pap smear test while 384 (76.5%) have not. Also, awareness of cervical cancer risk factors was significant (X2cal 33.426, X2crit =11.071, df= 5, p< 0.05) among health workers. But, this awareness of the risk factors did not significantly influence (13 =.084, t= 1.069, p> 0.05) the utilization of pap-smear testing among female health workers in Ibadan. It is surprising to note that the awareness of cervical cancer risk factors did not influence the utilization of pap- smear testing among health workers in Ibadan. In recommendation, female health workers should be sensitised and encouraged to subject themselves to pap-smear testing as the experience will serve as a source of empowerment in their pivotal role of adviser and developing consciousness, reliance and cooperation of other women.
Beyond news broadcasting: television for peace making in South-Western Nigeria
(Association of Media and Communication Researchers of Nigeria, 2018-10) Isola, O.O.; Bello, T. Y.
Discourses on peace building roles of social institutions have become very core to achieving human security and egalitarian society. The role of the media has moved beyond reporting and providing early warning insight into human security threats to getting practically involved in Peace making and Peace building. This paper explores the role of television in Peace making activities and in providing platform for alternative dispute resolution at the grassroots. Five local television programmes, Olowogbogboro of Ogun State Television, Ijoko Ojogbon of Ondo state Television, So daa bee? of Oyo State Television, Mo gb’ejo mi de of Lagos State Television and Majiya gbe if Osun State Television served as case studies. The Social responsibility theory of the press served as framework while qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews of program producers, program panel members and disputing parties. Observations of live studio recordings of the five selected programs were done while analyses f program diaries were carried out. It is established that television programming is contributing to culturally relevant, flexible, accommodating and cheaper alternative Peace making processes and conflict resolution, complementing the formal justice system that is inaccessible to the poor and overwhelmed by civil and criminal cases. The programs deserve adequate support and encouragement
Boko haram insurgency in Nigeria: the imperative of institutionalising human rights-based approach to post-contlict peacebuilding in the North-East
(2020-12) Aluko, B. A.
The Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria has greatly devastated the north-eastern region of the country. Human beings have been killed in the thousands, millions displaced, and the very weak infrastructure hitherto in place completely mangled. The question that looms large in light of the horrendous situation in the north-east is: How can this problem be addressed towards promoting sustainable peace in the region? This is the concern of this paper. Against this background, Parlevliet’s four dimensions of human rights was employed as a framework of analysis for the interrogation of the conflict’s context and the framing of the discussion on the strategies that can be employed to promote sustainable peace in the region. It finds that the root cause of the violent conflict is prolonged human rights violations and abuse at both the vertical and horizontal levels of the society, respectively. The paper concludes that the key to the enthronement of sustainable peace in north-east Nigeria is a post-conflict peacebuilding process that is anchored on the institutionalisation of respect for human rights, especially at the levels of governance and social relations.
Border porosity and counterinsurgency in Nigeria
(Routledge, 2019) Okolie-Osemene, J.; Aluko, B.
Challenges confronting the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS in Offa Local Government Area, Kwara-State
(2014) Oniyangi, S. O.; Onifade, O. A.; Ijaodola, T. K.; Ologele, I; Adio-Moses, R. C.; Abdulmalik, N. A.; Nwabotu, F. A.
This study investigated the challenges confronting the prevention of mothers-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The transmission of HIV/AIDS from mother-to-child has been a rampant phenomenon in Offa L.G.A. A descriptive research of survey type was used, the population for the study covered all the health workers in Offa Local Government Area, 145 respondents were sampled for the study. Three research questions were raised and three hypotheses were generated which were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The research instrument used for the study was a questionnaire which was validated and tested for reliability. A reliability co-efficient of 0.76r was obtained; using pearson product moment correlation. The instrument was administered by the researchers and some trained research assistant. A descriptive statistic of frequency count and percentage was used for the personal data while the inferential statistic of chi-square was used at 0.05 alpha level of significance to test the hypotheses set for the study. The null hypotheses set were rejected, the findings of this study revealed that challenges such as non-disclosure of HIV/AIDS status, inadequate staff training and inavailability of antiretroviral drugs are parts of the major challenges militating against the proper implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. It was recommended that there should be adequate staff training to improve their knowledge on the transmission of HIV/AIDS especially in the area of vertical transmission with appropriate treatment. Also, antiretroviral drugs should be available in Health centres and hospitals for the treatment of HIV/AIDS positive mothers and prevention of vertical transmission of the infection, lastly HIV status of pregnant women should be known in order to commence treatment immediately.
Challenges of interagency collaboration in emergency response in Nigeria
(2020-03) Adio-Moses, R. O.; Abiodun, T. F.; Fasaanu, E. O.
Nigeria as state has been facing a myriad of challenges that have impeded disaster and risk management for years now. This situation is further complicated by the dearth or even lack of a comprehensive institutional framework for emergency response system in the country. The interaction between the agencies involved is one in which there is a usual disconnect instead of a joint decision making approach where power is shared and all agencies take up organizations and the public, but the current approach being employed is rather tailored towards individual coordination rather than a collaborative or cooperative approach. This paper, therefore, examines the challenges of interagency collaboration on emergency response in the country and implications for national risk preparedness and reduction. The study vividly depicts an overview of the Nigerian situation in relation to emergency response. Though challenges crop up as a result of various hindrances that make the agencies work at cross-roads, among which are: financial constraints, inadequate information on coordination process, politics and others. The paper concludes that given the current situation on in-adequate interagency collaboration in emergency response in Nigeria, there is need to embrace interagency collaboration to enhance emergency response to disasters and risks in our societies. It, however, recommends encouragement of coherent policies; learning from the lived experiences of developed countries; coupling disaster risk reduction with other.
Child labour: forms, causes and implications on education
(Nigerian School Health Association, 2015) Jime, H. K.; Adio-Moses, R. O.
This paper focused on child labour, considering forms, causes, and educational implications. Child labour remains a major source of concern in Nigeria despite legislative measures. Forms of child labour include domestic child labour, agricultural child labour, industrial child labour, street hawking/'scavenging, bonded child labour, and commercial sex work. Causes of child labour include poverty, poor schooling opportunity, rapid urbanisation, societal class discrimination and cultural factors among others. Implications of child labour on education include inability to attend classes, high dropout rate due to poor grades, and negative attitude towards school. This paper recommended that education should be made affordable; and that government should improve the quality of education, especially in the area of social security.
CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF PEACE IN THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA
(2017-02) OBI, N. N.
Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) are critical actors in the transition to and sustainability of democracy, especially in the Republic of Guinea which has been threatened by armed conflict in neighbouring countries. Although existing studies have focused on CSOs as important actors for peace-building in fragile states, their capacity for supporting national stability and security has received little attention. This study, examined the role and capacity of CSOs in the consolidation of peace in Republic of Guinea. Structural-functionalist and democratic peace theories were used as framework, while exploratory and case study research designs were utilised. Ten copies of a semi-structured questionnaire were administered on ten CSOs selected through purposive sampling. Some of these include; West Africa Network for Peacebuilding (Stability/Peacebuilding); Mano River Women Peace Network (Peacebuilding); Equal Rights for All (Human Rights); National Institute of Research and Pedagogic Action (NIRPA)-(Education) and Association of African Professionals of Communication (Media). Eleven key informant interviews were conducted with chief executives of the CSOs; seven in-depth interviews were conducted with key officials in the security sector; while 10 focus group discussions were conducted in the selected CSOs. Annual reports of CSOs in Guinea and other publications constituted the secondary data. Data were subjected to content analysis. Peace consolidation in Guinea was linked to the activities of CSOs. Prior to the outbreak of wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone, Guinean CSOs were active in civic education and campaigns against military rule. After the outbreak of armed violence in neighbouring countries, they shifted from advocacy for good governance to refugee management by offering psycho-social support, counselling for victims of physical and emotional violence, community reconciliation discussions as well as healing and cleansing ceremonies. Through their peacebuilding efforts, the presidents of Liberia (Charles Taylor), Sierra Leone (Ahmad Tejan Kabbah) and Guinea (Lansana Conté) were brought together in a peace summit in Morocco in March 2002 to discuss the security and stability of the region. The NIRPA Civic Education and Culture of Peace program was embedded in school curricula for the teaching of peace education at all levels. Tension arising from the 2009 Conakry stadium massacre was stemmed when CSOs established rights abuses against the government. The success of CSOs in persuading Dadis Camara, former military leader to leave Guinea after a failed assassination attempt on his life de-escalated internal tensions and paved way for transition to democratic rule. In spite of this level of activism, the capacity of CSOs to fully support peace consolidation was hampered by challenges relating to inadequate funding, low capacity and staffing, which depended largely on external donors. Civil society organisations played important roles in initiating, sustaining and consolidating peace in Guinea in spite of limitations imposed by funding. State actors and other stakeholders need to develop local capacity for supporting national stability, security and peace consolidation
The colonial experience and its asides: dance performances as historical indices in East and West Africa
(Institute of African Studies University of Ibadan, 1990) Layiwola, D.