Peace and Conflict Studies

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Author: search.filters.author.Taiwo, P. A.

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    An analysis of state of emergency preparedness and response of government to disaster risk management in Nigeria
    (2019-02) Adio-Moses, R. O.; Taiwo, P. A.
    Nigeria has experienced and is still experiencing varying degrees of both natural and man-made disasters with their adverse effects overtime exceeding the ability of affected societies to cope in the midst of available resources especially in the face of insurgency and terrorism. While intellectual discourses have focused on the effect and consequences of disaster, dearth of information exist on government‟s response and level of preparedness for disaster risk management especially from the analytical point of view. The paper focused on the nature and consequences of disaster, role of government in disaster risk management and problems affecting emergency preparedness and response from government. Disasters were seen to be sudden, calamitous and deadly in nature. Its types included natural disasters (e.g wild fire, floods, landslides, hurricanes, drought, damaging winds, tsunami, debris flow, hurricanes and volcanic eruption) and man-made disasters (economic collapse, terrorist attacks, chemical threat, biological threat, nuclear accidents, wars, explosions, oil and chemical spillage, fire, flood etc). Government role in disaster risk management included education, monitoring, coordination, data collation, research activities, policy making and prompt responses to prevent and control disaster at all levels. However, the hindrances included inadequacy in funding, education, coordination, research and planning. It is recommended that individual and collective effort be geared at improving education, funding and research coupled with governmental preparedness and prompt response towards the prevention and control of all forms of disaster in Nigeria.
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    Assessment of residential overcrowding and associated health risk on the girl-child in low-income communities in Oyo State, Nigeria
    (The Institute For Peace and Strategic Studies University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2018) Taiwo, P. A.; Adio-Moses, R. O.; Taiwo, Y. M.
    The consequences of residential overcrowding on children in developing countries have attracted scholarly attentions with dearth of information on its health implications on the girl-child from large family sizes particularly among selected low-income communities in Akinyele local government area, Oyo state. This study adopted a descriptive and cross-sectional survey design using the epidemiological transition theory as framework for explanation. A s tinctured questionnaire was administered on 450 purposively selected parents with large family sizes, while 9 in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with parents and mothers respectively from 3 communities in the study area. Quantitative data were analyzed at the univariate and bivariate levels and presented using descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, and inferential statistics of chi-square, while qualitative data were content analyzed. Majority (86.3%) were females, 93.7% were married while only 16.1% had tertiary education. About 70.0% of the respondents had more than 4 children and earned N40,000 and less monthly. Nearly half (49.3%) of the respondents resided in one room self-contain apartment with their children. A significant association existed between gender of children and risk of communicable diseases (X2’212.7, P=0.002). More female children experienced measles (55.7%) and always had cough (65.0%), than their male counterparts who experienced measles (45.4%) and always had cough (32.0%). The girl-child experienced sexual abuse, shame and inconvenience in maintaining personal hygiene because of other roommates of the opposite sex. There is need to educate and enlighten parents on the general implication of large family size, and specific health risk of overcrowding on the girl-child and she should be equipped with risk reduction skills as a coping mechanism. Government should also provide adequate housing for low-income and large families.