Pharmaceutical Microbiology

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Bioactive constituents and antibacterial screening of two Nigerian plant extracts against selected clinical bacteria
(Nigeria Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), 2016) Odumosu, B. T.; Salawu, O. T.; Oyeyemi, I.; Alabi, O. S.; Rufai, T. R.; Odunukan, O.
Background: The growing desires to combat antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria necessitate the need to search for new antimicrobials agents from other sources such as plants. Objectives: The present study investigated the antibacterial activities and bioactive components of Nymphaea lotus and Spondias mombin against selected clinical bacteria Material and Methods: Extracts of N. lotus and S. mombin were prepared by 72 hours maceration in 70% methanol. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundi and, Klebsiella oxytoca against the two extracts was carried out by disk diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) was by agar-well dilution and broth dilution method, respectively. The bioactive compounds of the plants were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Extracts of N. lotus showed better antimicrobial activities than S. mombin against all the clinical bacterial isolates with an MIC range of 3.13 – >12.5mg/mL compared to S. mombin with MIC range of 6.25 – >12.5mg/mL. The GC-MS results revealed the presence of 21 and 25 compounds for N. lotus and S. mombin respectively. Benzoic acid derivatives were in abundance in both plants with approximately 71.5% and 82.1% in N. lotus and S. mombin respectively. Conclusions: The findings from this study provided further evidence on their ethno-botanical claims and additional information on the potentials of the studied plants as effective medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity against clinical bacteria. This highlights the need for continuous exploration of medicinal plants for novel compounds with better antimicrobial property as option for the treatment of resistant bacterial infection
Detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers from ready-to-eat roasted beef in Ibadan north, Nigeria.
(2021) Alabi, O. S.; Obisesan, A. O.; Odumosu, B. T.
Ready-to-eat roasted beef popularly called `Suya' in Nigeria is a highly nutritive food and hence, prone to microbial contamination when handled in an unhygienic manner by the vendors. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been reported in both community and hospital settings in Nigeria. This study investigated their occurrence as microbial contaminants in ready-to eat roasted beef in Ibadan North local government area (LGA) of Oyo state, Nigeria. Fifty (50) samples were purposively collected randomly in four different locations in Ibadan North LGA from 1st to 31st of November, 2019. Aerobic and coliform bacterial counts, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using standard microbiological techniques. Phenotypically, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected by cefoxitin-disc-diffusion and ESBL-producers by double-disc synergy. MecA/C and selected ESBL (TEM, SHV and CTX-M) genes were detected by PCR technique. The mean total aerobic and coliform bacterial counts ranged from 1.5 × 106 to 7.8 × 106 cfu/g and 0.8 × 102 to 1.3 × 103 cfu/g respectively. Thirty-eight (38) bacteria were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (42.1%), Klebsiella spp. (36.8%) and Bacillus spp. (5.3%). Four (66.7%) of the Staphylococcus aureus were MecA mediated methicillin-resistant strains and 20 (66.7%) of the Gram-negatives were ESBL-producers with 9 (30%) harbouring TEM and SHV and 15 (50%) CTX-M genes. Occurrence of MRSA and ESBL-producers in ready-to-eat roasted beef in Ibadan north is of serious public health concern. Policy and Practice.
Detoxification of biomedical waste
(CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2020) Odumosu, B. T.; Bamidele, T. A.; Alabi, O. S.; Buraimoh, O. M.
In-vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of
(2010-01) Adeniyi, C. B. A.; Odumosu, B. T.; Ayelaagbe, O. O.; Kolude, B.
The antimicrobial activities of two Nigerian medicinal plant commonly used as chewing sticks Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides and Pseudocedrela kotschyi antimicrobial activities were investigated against 7clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei ATCC 6825. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts were determined using the agar well diffusion and surface plate method respectively. Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides, was active against all the isolates especially on the bacteria with a MIC and MBC of 12.5mg/mL and 25mg/mL respectively. Pseudocedrela kotschyi showed no activity on all the tested isolates except on C. krusei ATCC 6825 with a MIC of 6.25mg/mL. . Streptococcus mutans, S. aureus ATCC 29213 and C. albicans were completely killed within the time period of4hrsbyZ. xanthoxyloides extracts in time kill study. A good correlation was foundbetween the killing curves and the MIC of Z. xanthoxyloides against the tested isolates. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and traces of terpenoids. Ability of Z. xanthoxyloides crude extracts to inhibit the growth of the bacteria and fungi used in this study is an indication that the plant can be used as a source foranti microbial agent in the development and formulation of toothpaste, thus justifying the use of the plant in locally as chewing sticks..

Pharmaceutical Microbiology

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