Pharmaceutical Microbiology

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Antimicrobial

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    Antimicrobial evaluation of microencapsulated ciprofloxacin+Irvinga gabonensis gum against klebsiella SPECIES FROM PATients in a teaching hospital in Benin
    (African Scientific Research and Innovation Council (AU-ASRIC), 2023) Onyenwel, N. E.; Nnamani, N. D.; Nwafor, C. N.; Onojob, V. O .; Alabi, S. O .; Obun-Nnadi, C.; Adeboye, O. O.
    Klebsiella species causes nosocomial infections and other diseases. The use of Ciprofloxacin formulations has been adopted for skin and systemic infections, hence Irvingia gabonensis a specie of African trees in the genus Irvingia, was used for the microencapsulation of ciprofloxacin and used against sequenced disease causing Klebsiella species. Adopting the non-solvent addition of microencapsulation, drug-excipient compatibility test, batches of encapsulated ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis, gelatin gum with the pure active ciprofloxacin were prepared from formula X. The FT-IR absorbance at different wavelength was recorded. The resultant microncapsulated drugs were screened for antimicrobial activity using the single disc agar diffusion against K. quasipneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. pneumoniae isolates. There were no difference in wavelength of FT-IR spectra of Irvinga gabonensis, pure active ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin blend+Irvinga gabonensis gum. The pure active ciprofloxacin was very effective at the concentration of 8.3µg/mL(IC5o:1.02µg/ml) and 4.15(IC5o:0.08µg/ml) against all the Klebsiella species. The ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis at 7.12 µg/mL (IC5o:0.90µg/mL) had significant zone of inhibition when compared to the pure active ciprofloxacin drug alone (IC5o:0.80µg/mL) at a concentration of 4.12µg/ml active ciprofloxacin. Based on the 95% mean inhibition concentration, ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis gum (IC5o:0.90µg/mL) is a better excipient than ciprofloxacin + Gelatin gum (IC5o:1.38µg/mL). Ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonensis gum exerts effective antimicrobial activities and compatibility in terms of effective drug release.
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    Evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal potentials of peptide-rich extracts from selected Nigerian plants
    (Elsevier, 2022) Agbebi, E. A.; Alabi, O. S.; Nkrumah, A. O.; Ogbole, O. O.
    Introduction: Host defence peptides (HDPs) has gained wide recognition as a potential source of antimicrobial agents because of their abundance in nature, low incidence of reported resistance, and their immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the presence and antimicrobial activities of bioactive peptides in seven selected plants from the Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, and Euphorbiaceae families. Methods: The reversed-phase solid-phase extraction was used to obtain the peptide-rich fractions from the crude extracts of the plants, and the circular peptides were chemically detected by a modified G-250 spray on a developed TLC plate. The peptide fraction and crude extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activities using the broth microdilution method. The rate of kill study was conducted for the peptide fractions Euphorbia hirta and Nauclea diderichii Results: The study revealed Nauclea diderichii peptide-rich fraction as the most potent on the tested strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi (MIC =7.8, 15.63-62.5, and 7.8 μg/mL respectively). Euphorbia hirta and Nauclea diderichii peptide fractions exhibited bactericidal activity (MIC index ≤4, and >3Log10 reduction of initial inoculum) and have a broad spectrum of activity, which further validates their ethnomedicinal use in the management of diverse infectious diseases, including enteric and respiratory tract infections. The peptide fractions of all the plants are more potent than the crude extracts. Conclusion: This study established the antimicrobial potentials of the peptide-rich fractions from these plant species, and the basis for further investigation to isolate and characterize the bioactive peptides responsible for their antimicrobial activities.