FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Sweet potato production, utilisation and marketing in Nigeria(The International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru, and the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2003-06) Tewe, O. O.; Ojeniyi, F. E.; Abu, O. A.Item Effects of dietary acidifier-based diet on haematology and serum biochemical indices of broilers(2009-07) Ogunwole, O. A.; Abu, O. A.; Sokunbi, O. A.; Asiruwa, P. O.A trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Biotronics SE® supplementation on haematological and serum parameters of broilers. A total of 120 1-day old Marshall broilers were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments using completely randomized design. Chicks in treatment 1 were fed basal diet (control) while those on treatments 2, 3 and 4 were given basal deits supplemented with 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl only; 0.3% Biotronics SE® only and 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl + 0.3% Biotronics SE®, respectively. Each treatment was a duplicate of fifteen chicks per replicate. The diets were formulated to contain 3000 Kcal/kg ME and crude protein of 23% (Starter) and 20% (finishers). Variations in values obtained for haemoglobin (g/dl) (9.28, 9.69. 10.04 and 10.15) and Mean Cell Volume (MCV) (fl) (107.02, 109.38, 125.43 and 118.31) for birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4., respectively were significantly (p<0.05) different while other haematological parameters measured in both phases were similar (p>0.05). The serum triglycerides (mg/dl)(23.19. 19.29, 23.93 and 19.01) and VLDL (mg/dl) (4.63, 3.85, 5.78 and 3.80) for the Starter birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively were affected by dietary acidifier inclusion. The serum total proteins and Cholesterol also varied significantly for finishers birds. Generally, most serum indices measured declined in values at the finishers phase compared with corresponding values for Starter. All measured indices were within normal physiological ranges. This study revealed Biotronics SE as a suitable alternative growth promoter for the production of meat type chickens.Item Performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with feed grade enzyme(2009-07) Abu, O. A.; Igwebuike, J. U.; Abu, J. Z.The effect of dietary supplementation of a commercial multi-enzyme complex (Avizyme 1500™) on the performance and nutrient digestibility by broiler finishers was investigated. A total of 120 d-old broiler chickens was assigned to four treatments each having two replicates of 15 birds in a 2 x 2 factorial block design. Avizyme was-incorporated into the finisher diets at inclusion levels of 0 (high and low fibre diets), 1.0 and 2.0g/Kg diets in diets 1-4 respectively. The study covered the finisher phase (4-8 week period). Results obtained indicated that incorporation of Avizyme up to 2.0g/Kg diet into broiler finisher diet produced no significant (P > 0.05) effects on average daily feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of the birds but depressed daily weight gain (P < 0.05). The average final body weight followed the same trend as the daily weight gain, as the birds fed control diet and diet containing 1g/kg Avizyme did best (P < 0.05). The digestibility of nutrients did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatments. Birds on the control diet used nutrients better than the rest treatments. The haematological parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) except for Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Dressing percentage, cut-up parts and weight of organs expressed as a percentage of body weight did not differ significantly (P > .0.05). The results of this study showed that the inclusion of 1 g/kg of the enzyme mixture into broiler finisher diet did not show any adverse effect on the performance and blood parameters of the broiler chickens. The 1 g/kg level of inclusion of enzyme in the diet appears to be most beneficial to the farmer in view of its relatively better results.Item Effects of chelators and metal ions on purified leucine-specific aminopeptidase from aeromonas caviae T-58(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2007) Abu, O. A.; Nirasawa, S.; Kitaoka, M.; Hayashi, K.An extracellular, aminopeptidase (AMP) of a bacterial soil isolate, Aeromonas caviae T-58, was purified to eleclrophorclically homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography (Q-Sepharose fast flow and Mono-Q column) to 48-fold with a yield of 3.0%. The purified native enzyme is a monomer and exhibited a single band with molecular weight of 32 kDa estimated by SDS/polyaciylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was inactivated by Mn2+, Co 2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+, but not affected by Ca2+ Ba2+, Zn2+, AI3+, NI2+, LI2+ Pb2+ and Mg2+. EDTA completely inhibited enzyme activity indicative of the enzyme to a metalloenzyme type. The addition of I mM Zn2+ restored 100% activity of EDTA-inhibited enzyme while I mM Co2+ restored 10% activity. However, the addition of equimolar concentrations of both metals showed a non co- catalytic effect, as residual activity reduced to 90%. The enzyme therefore possibly belongs to a catalytic family of Zn2+ metalloenzyme and does not require Ca2+ for enzymatic activation. The purified enzyme showed a high affinity for L-Leu- p-nitroanilide and valine but not with proline, glycine or alanine-pNA.Item Changes in the protein and fibre components in cassava and yam peels after solid state fermentation by aspergillus niger and rhizopus sp.(2002) Iyayi, E. A.; Abu, O. A.; Afolabi, K. D.Dried, milled cassava and yam peels were inoculated separately with A. niger and Rhizopus sp in solid state. The changes in crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and hemiccllulose were evaluated at 0. 4. 8, and 10 days after moculation. At the end of the 10th day of fermentation with A. niger the crude protein of cassava peel meal (CPM) increased from 3.5% to 7.0% while that inoculated with Rhizopus sp increased to 5.25%. Crude protein of yam peel meal increased from 4.38% to 6.38% 10 days after inoculation with A. niger and to 7.58% with Rhizopus sp. However, the dry matter, crude fibre, NDF, ADF and hemiccllulose of both meals decreased. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the degradation of CF, NDF and hemicellulose of both cassava and yam peel meals. The interaction of treatments and days had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the level of crude protein, and degradation of CF, NDF and hemiccllulose for cassava peel meal (CPM) and yam peel meal (YPM) on inoculation with the two fungi. The pH value also decreased, with increase in the inoculation period. Simultaneous decrease in the NDF. ADF, hemiccllulose and DM with an increase in percentage crude protein content was attributed to the degradation of CF into carbon compounds (possibly simple sugar monomers) by enzymes produced by the fungi, and the utilization of these carbon compounds to build mycelial protein in the substrates. Titus the value of cassava and yam peels which are waste products of yam and cassava processing can be enhanced for livestock feeding through fungal fermentation in solid slate.Item Effects of supplemental methionine and lysine on nutritional value of housefly larvae meal (musca domestica) fed to rats(Elsevier, 2001) Onifade, A. A.; Oduguwa, O. O.; Fanimo, A. O.; Abu, O. A.; Olutunde, T. O.; Arije, A.; Babatunde, G. M.The performance and blood composition of rats fed housefly larvae meal supplemented with, or without, methionine and lysine, or fed at high concentration were investigated. Rats fed supplemental methionine alone achieved highest body weight gain (P < 0.05). dietary supplemented of both methionine and lysine or high dietary concentration of larvae meal depressed (P < 0.05) rat feed intake. The blood composition of rats was superior (P < 0.05) on methionine-supplemented larvae meal. Additional amino acids from larvae elicited higher (P < 0.05) serum proteins, cholesterol and triglyceride; however, other blood biochemical profiles were lower (P < 0.05) than in the unsupplemented group. In conclusion, housefly larvae meal seemed deficient in methionine and it benefited the rat tremendously to supplement with this amino acid; however, additional lysine and high dietary inclusion of larvae meal as sole protein source appeared nutritionally inconsequential.Item Rabbit production in Nigeria: some aspects of current status and promotional strategies(Universitat Politècnica de València, 1999) Onifade, A. A.; Abu, O. A.; Obiyan, R. I.; Abanikannda, O. T. F.Some aspects of the current status and promotional strategies of rabbit production in Nigeria were appraised in this study. This was because such data are lacking and rabbit production offers a great potential towards attainment of food security in terms of animal protein intake. Data were obtained principally from field survey, questionnaires administration, personal observations and experiences of authors, structured personal interviews of identified rabbit farmers, personal interview and observational data from agricultural extension agents, personal interview and visitation to markets and retail outlets for rabbit, proxy information from distant collaborators, recorded data from Government establishments and published data. All the information collected was synthesized to provide an informative blend on major aspects of rabbit production. From the data collected, it was found that rabbit production in Nigeria is largely a traditional, non-commercially oriented, family-consumption targeted, and smallholder type operation comprising an average of 2-7 does and 3 bucks. About 3.4-5.2% of the Nigerian population may be keeping rabbits with women and children being mostly involved. Rabbit keeping is both intensive and semi- intensive, though some scattered free range backyard rearing was recorded. Unlike the rural rabbit keepers, space is limiting for most urban rabbit keepers. Diets of rabbits in Nigeria are primarily forages, grasses and legumes, kitchen wastes while commercial feeds are rarely fed. Bucks and does are under-utilized, with does producing about 20 weaned rabbit per year and are usually offered for sale after four parities. Nigerian rabbits do not suffer any peculiar disease, however skin disease (mange) and coccidia infection are very common. There are high peri- and post-natal mortalities, and it was estimated that overall mortality between birth and marketing was between 30-40%, being highest in the young ones. The performance and reproductive productivity of rabbits in Nigeria are strongly correlated with the level of management. There exists a latent and growing market for rabbit meat in Nigeria especially as an alternative livestock species. We propose promotional strategies for sustainable rabbit production.Item Performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of rabbit fed sweet potato based diets(1999) Abu, O. A.; Tewe, O. O.; Bakare, J.The performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed dehydrated sweet potato tops and sweet potato root meal in proportions of 100: 0. 90 : 10, 80: 20. 70 : 30, 60 : 40 and 50: 50 were investigated. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in daily feed intake. However, rabbits fed diets in proportion of 80 : 20 (T.) recorded the highest daily weight gain and was significantly different (P<0.05) from other dietary treatments. No significant difference (P>0.05) was reported for the apparent digestibility of crude fibre and ash. Rabbits on diets T3 (80 : 20) and T4 (70 : 30) had the highest killing out per cent and head weights. No mortality was recorded throughout the duration of this study.Item Performance characteristics of growing rabbits fed glicidia sepium leaf meal as a replacement for groundnut(Bioline International, 1999) Dada, S. A. O.; Abu, O. A.; Okeowo, T. A.; Badmus, O. R.The study involved 16 weaner crossbred (New Zealand White and Chinchila) rabbits of about eight weeks of a.fetz with initial average weight of 0.69 kg. The animals were offered a measured amount of their respective diets. The level of replacement of groundnut cake with Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) were 0, 25 50 and 75%, to give four diets which were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period of 35 days. The similar average daily feed intake of the rabbit fed 0, 25 and 50% GLM included diets was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the corresponding daily weight gain of the rabbits fed 25 and 50% GLM diets and those fed 75% GLM diet recorded the least (P < 0.05) daily gain. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly correlated with daily weight gain (r = 0.94, P < 0.05) and feed efficiency (r = 0.90, P < 0.05).Item Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens as influenced by propriety source of feed(1999) Joseph, J. K.; Ijalana, O. O.; Abu, O. A.This study investigated the quality of selected popular poultry feeds available in Nigerian poultry feed market, using growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens as indices. Day old broiler chicks were fed with diets obtained from four different commercial feed manufacturers (coded FTE, GFE, PFE and SFE to protect the manufacturers) and control diet (formulated in conformity with recommended nutrient requirements for broiler chickens) over an eight week trial period. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in crude protein, fat and fibre contents of feeds. Crude protein contents of the commercial feeds were found to be below the recommendation level. In some of the feeds the crude fat and fibre contents were higher than the standard levels. The variation in feed quality resulted in reduced feed intake, lower average daily live weight gain, higher feed: gain ratio and lower nutrient retention (protein, fat, fibre) in broilers fed commercial diets when compared with birds on control diet. Live and carcass weight of birds placed on commercial diets FTE, PFE and SFE were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those placed on control diet. Since live and carcass weights of birds are the two major price indices in broiler chicken market, it was therefore concluded that most of the commercial feeds in Nigerian market were substandard.
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