FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Sweet potato production, utilisation and marketing in Nigeria(The International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru, and the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2003-06) Tewe, O. O.; Ojeniyi, F. E.; Abu, O. A.Item Carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers fed cassava peel and leaf meals as replacements for maize and soyabean meal(International Organization Of Scientific Research, 2015-03) Abu, O. A.; Olaleru, I. F.; Omojola, A. B.A 49-day feeding trial involving 180 1-day-old Abhor acre broilers was carried out to evaluate growth and carcass quality of broilers fed cassava leaf meal and cassava peel meals used as replacements of soya bean meal and maize at 20% respectively. Four groups of 45 birds per group of 15 birds per replicate consisting of three replicates per group. Group A served as control (cassava leaf meal (0%) and peelings meal (0%)), Group B (20% cassava peelings -20% leaf meal), C (20% leaf meal -0% cassava peelings) and group D (20% cassava peelings-0% cassava peelings). The cut parts of the carcass showed superior values (p<0.05) in the A (control) treatment and they differed significantly (p<0.05) from broilers on to the group on B (20 % cassava peelings-20 % leaf meal), C (20% leaf meal-0% cassava peelings), D (20% cassava peelings-0% cassava peelings). On the 49th day, the breast muscles of 36 birds were analysed for dry matter, proteins, fat and ash. The organoleptic values were not significantly influenced by the juiciness, taste, colour and overall acceptability among the dietary treatment levels. Up to 20% inclusion of cassava leaf meal and 20% cassava peelings as replacement for soya bean meal and maize respectively in both broiler starter and finisher, diets did not significantly affect growth and carcass yield of broilers.Item Effect of protease supplementation on the performance of laying chickens fed low protein diets in early production cycle(2013) Abu, O. A.; Joshua, A. O.A 10 week study w as conducted to investigate the effect of diets supplemented with protease on .he performance of 32 weeks old Isa Brow n hens housed in cages and fed low Crude Protein (CP) diets in a completely randomized design. A total of 60 Isa Brown laying birds were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments each having six replicates of 2 birds per replicate. The diets were formulated to contain 16% crude protein (Treatment 1) which was the control diet: T2. 15.2% CP diet (5% CP reduction): T3. I5.20% CP diet + 0.05% protease: T4. 14.4% CP diet (10% CP reduction) and T5. 14.4% CP diet 0.05% protease. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Results showed that feed intake, Haugh unit and hen day production were not significant (p > 0.05). Addition of enzyme to 15.2 and 14.4% CP diets improved egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness and albumen weight. Yolk weight was improved by 14.4% CP diet. In conclusion, 10% CP reduction plus protease gave optimum performance of the laying hens and could be adopted.Item Growth and carcass characteristics of finishing broilers on acidified blood meal based diet(2013-01) Abu, O. A.; Ogunwole, O. A.; Adedeji, B. S.; Adeboboye, A. V. K.; Tewe, O. O.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion of acidifer in a blood meal based diet on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. One hundred and eighty un-sexed 4-week old broiler chicks raised on a common Starter diet were randomly distributed into four experimental diets of 3 replicates and fifteen birds per replicate consisting of a control diet devoid of blood meal and acidifier (T1). Birds on treatment 2 (T2), in addition to common ingredients, had blood meal and acidifier; birds on treatment 3 (T3) had blood meal without acidifer and birds on treatment 4 (T4) had acidifier without blood meal. The birds were fed respective diets and watered ad libitum for four weeks. Daily feed intake was not significantly (p> 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. However, birds on treatment 3 had the poorest average daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The addition of acidifier to diet containing blood meal however alleviated depressed daily body weight. The final body weights were 1.78, 1.74, 1.53 and 1.71 kg for birds on diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Carcass yield expressed in percent live body weight were not significantly (p< 0.05) affected. The inclusion of blood meal in the diet without the addition of acidifier caused a mortality of 22% in the chickens and that addition of acidifier at 0.3% improved the growth performance and livability of chickens.Item Unethical evidence against cattle dignity during loading, transportation anf off-loading by livestock marketers in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2013) Akinyemi, P. L.; Babayemi, O. J.; Abu, O. A.; Bamikole, M. K.Some activities that showed unethical practices against cattle during loading, transportation and off-loading were considered in this paper. Three major cattle market centres (Akinyele, Bodija and Oranyan) in Ibadan metropolis were used Eighty (80) structured questionnaires were randomly administered to the cattle handlers to collect data on Systems of loading, transportation and off-loading of the animals. Visual observations, head counting and image capturing of the animals on board were made. Cattle were transported by road (100%) using different kinds of vehicle including open roofed trailer, truck, saloon cars and buses with different capacities. Cattle were arranged to stand for days under sun and rain until the final destination. Over 94% of respondents transported their animals in 1-3 days. Also, 60%parked breeds, different sizes, homed and polled cattle together in the same truck during transportation. 3.75%, 5%, 7.5% and 83.75% of handlers respectively transported their cattle in the morning, afternoon evening and at any time of the day. Cattle were loaded and off-loaded by dragging, pulling and pushing. It is concluded that there were no Standard Systems of transportation, loading and off-loading of cattle as animals were exposed to inclement weather and hardship.Item Effect of ß-mannanase supplementation and feed presentation on carcass characteristics and macro-mineral digestibility of growing rabbits fed palm kernel based diets(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2012) Abu, O. A.; Tanimowo, D. A.The influence of ß -mannanase supplementation and feed presentation of palm kernel cake (PKC, based diets were assessed on grower rabbits. Twenty crossbred grower rabbits (757.5 ± 65 g) of mixed sex aged between eight to ten weeks old were used during the trial in 2 X2 factorial design conducted in a completely randomized experimental design giving four treatment interactions with five replicates of one rabbit per replicate. The treatments were; TI- diet in mash form without enzyme; T2- diet in pellet form without enzyme; T3- diet in mash form with ß-mannanase (0.5g/kg) and T4- diet in pellet form with mannanase (0.5g/kg). The trial lasted for six weeks. The animals were weighed individually at the beginning of the study and weekly thereafter. At the end of the study period the feacal samples were collected and animals were slaughtered and measurements taken from the carcasses. The carcass yield showed no interaction, though full GIT weights (g) were significantly influenced (Tl-23.04, T2-17.67, T3-19.99 and T4- 18.74. Enzyme inclusion and feed form elicited significant effects on carcass characteristics, with varying improvements observed Enzyme inclusion on the mash diet gave lower organ weights compared to other diets. Feed form and enzyme inclusion influenced lengths of the Segments of the GTT, with rabbit on Diet 3 having the longest length. Pelleting influenced ileum lengths positively. Rabbits fed pelleted or mash diets whether supplemented or non-supplemented with ß-mannanase digested dry matter, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the same level. In conclusion, supplementation of diets with ß-mannanase and pelleting of diets improved phosphorus digestibility in palm kernel cake based diets. In addition, rabbits feed mash and pelleted rations with addition of ß-mannanase had improved loins as opposed to those fed mash and non-supplemented rabbits while other carcass and visceral organ characteristics were not significantly affected.Item Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler finishers fed diets supplemented with roxazyme G and exogenous phytase(2011) Abu, O. A.; Sodeinde, A. O.; Ehaludu, J. O.; Olomola, O. O.; Babayemi, O. J.A 21-day feeding trial involving 480, 4-week old unsexed Abhor Acre broilers was carried out in a completely randomised design to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics and cost benefit of broiler finishers fed iso- caloric and iso-nitrogenous corn-soyabean based enzyme supplemented diets. Diet 1 had no supplemented Roxazyme G and phytase (T1-basal diet). The other three diets are: T2-Roxazyme G (0.2g/kg), T3-basal diet +Phytase (lg/kg) and T4-basal diet +Roxazyme G and Phytase (0.2g/kg and lg/kg) inclusion. The objective was to observe whether addition exogenous enzymes individually or as a mixture improved efficiency of broiler finisher production. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) across the dietary treatments for daily feed intake, weight gain and FCR. The values obtained were in the range of 137.9g, 1191.9g and 1.45 respectively. There were no significant difference (p>0.05) in carcass weight of birds on T4, T2 and TI but birds fed both Roxazyme G and phytase had heaviest carcass weight of 1533.3g . However, birds fed diets supplemented with phytase alone had significantly lower carcass weight and dressing yield to other dietary treatments. The cut up parts were not significantly different (p>0.05) except the weights of the head, drumstick and breast meat. The cost analysis showed that it is not profitable to include the enzymes in the practical broiler finishers' diet used in this study. There was no need to include the above enzymes in the diet of broilers at finishing phase as the birds at this stage can efficiently utilize nutrients in their feed.Item The performance and egg quality traits of Nigerian local hens fed varying dietary levels of palm kernel cake with added palm oil(Poultry Science Association, Inc., 2012) Afolabi, K. D.; Akinsoyinu, A. O.; Omojola, A. B.; Abu, O. A.A total of 120 local hens at the point of lay were randomly assigned, 2 per cage, with 10 replicates per diet in a completely randomized design, to 6 palm kernel cake (PKC)-based layer diets that contained 20% CP and 2,700 kcal of ME/kg of feed. The PKC was included at levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% in diets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Diet 1 without PKC served as the control. To make the diets isocaloric, 0.5, 1.48, 3.35, 5.22, 7.11, and 8.98% palm oil was added to diets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum for 12 wk. The hen-day production (53.8 to 63.3%) peaked at dietary PKC levels of 20 to 40%. Feed conversion ratio was also the lowest in hens fed the 20 to 40% PKC-based diets, but it was poorer than the control diet for those fed 50% PKC. The least hen-day production was obtained for birds on the 50% PKC-based diet. The albumen height (3.16 to 3.73 mm) was highest for eggs laid by hens fed the control and 10% PKC diets. The egg yolk indexes obtained for hens fed 0 to 10% dietary PKC (0.2) were significantly higher than those obtained for hens fed 20 to 50% PKC (0.13 to 0.15). The yolk color score increased significantly (P < 0.05) across the diets (from 1.0 to 5.9) as the level of palm oil increased. The egg weight, egg circumference, eggshell thickness, egg shape index, and weights of the albumen and yolk were similar across diets. Feeding up to 40% PKC with added palm oil had no adverse effect on the performance of Nigerian local hens and the quality of their eggs.Item Agro-Industrial by-products and farm wastes for poultry production in Nigeria: challenges and opportunities(Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Univcrsity of Ibadan, 2011-06) Abu, O. A.; Iyayi, E. A.; Tewe, O. O.The poultry industry in Nigeria requires up Io ninety per cent of the total commercially produced feeds in Nigeria. Conventionally, maize is the major source of energy in poultry feeds in Nigeria, while soybean, groundnut cake and fish meal are sources of protein. Poultry farmers often use alternative feed ingredients whenever the prices of the conventional feed ingredients increase beyond realization of profit. Agro-industrial by-products (AlBs) are mostly cereal and oil seed processing by-products but when poorly stored agro-industrial by-products often go mouldy necessitating the use of toxin binders. The substituability of cassava for maize is almost unity but for the additional processing effort that is required for cassava. Hatchety wastes (eggshell, culled eggs, poorly formed chicks) and slaughter houses (blood, bones, rumen scrapping, and feathers) are of animal origin potentially available for inclusion in feed. The use of animal by-products for componding feeds is however becoming less acceptable. Crop wastes that have potential for use in poultry feeding are cassava leaves and also leaves from other crops. The leaves can be good sources of leaf protein when harnessed. Exogenous enzymes results in cost reduction and improved animal performance. Whereas several of these by-products are available for inclusion in poultry feeds either as energy or protein alternatives, wide Variation in their nutritional compositions and lower quality compared to the conventional feedstuffs create a Situation of challenge in their use. Nevertheless, their potential can be harnessed by guided inclusion levels, further processing, supplementation with exogenous enzymes or a combination of all three factors. In conclusion, to complementing the use of alternatives feed ingredients, the poultry farmer should also be encouraged to increase the efficiency of production by considering proper manipulation of feed, application of appropriate housing System, the use of feed additives among others.Item Information needs of small ruminant rearers in peri-urban areas of Southwest Nigeria(2010-07) Abu, J. Z.; Adekoya, A. E.; Abu, O. A.The study aimed at recognizing the information needs of small ruminant rearers within households in three peri-urban areas of Oyo state and Ile-Ogbo in Osun state. The respondents were purposively selected and snowball technique was used to identify them. Focus group discussion and questionnaire/interview schedule were used to collect information for the study. It was discovered that 51.3% of respondents were aged 50years and above indicating that the rearing of small ruminants was also suitable for the more settled and slower citizens and that 73.6% of the respondent had some form of education. Majority of the respondents (87.6%) earned less than N5,000.00 monthly from small ruminants and 94.2% of them think rearing small ruminants is profitable. In addition, 77.7% of them reared small ruminants primarily for income generation. The study also revealed that the most important constraints to small ruminant production were theft, death from vehicles and pests and disease infestations and that the respondents needed information on small ruminant rearing in areas like feeding, management System, housing, disease Identification and record keeping.