FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Effect of stocking density on the perfonnance, carcass yield and meat composition of broiler chickens(Sciencedomain International, 2016) Adeyemo, G. O.; Fashola, O. O.; Ademulegun, T. I.Broiler chickens require adequate feed intake and uninterrupted emission of heat for intensive growth. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on performance, carcass yield and meat composition of broilers. A total of 240 one-day old Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to three stocking densities: Lower stocking density (LSD) of 10 birds/m2; Recommended stocking density (RSD) of 12 birds/m2; and Higher stocking density (HSD) of 14 birds/m2 respectively, with 4 replicates each having 20 birds per replicate. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Final live weight(FLW); Feed intake(FI); Feed conversion ratio(FCR); Mortality(%); Dressed weight(%); Prima cuts(%); Abdominal fat(%) and meat composition were assessed. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA °°=0.05. Birds on HSD had numerically higher FLW (2262.80 g), better FCR (2.08) that was similar to that of LSD (2.07) and significantly lower mortality (0.00%). The values of the prime cuts (thigh, drumstick and breast), abdominal fat and meat protein were similar between birds on LSD and HSD. Up to stocking density 14birds/m2 broiler chickens' performance and carcass characteristics were not negatively affected.Item Effects of stocking density, energy and protein content on perfonnance of broiler chickens raised during late wet season(Integrity Research Journals, 2016-05) Ademulegun, T. I.; Adeyemo, G. O.A 56-day feeding trial to investigate the effects of stocking density, energy and protein content on performance of broiler chickens during late wet season was carried out. In a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement using completely randomized design, six diets with three energy and two crude protein levels were formulated. Three stocking densities (birds/m2) of 10, 12 and 14 were used. A total of 576 one-week old Arbor Acre broilers chickens were assigned to the respective diets and stocking density, at 32 birds per treatment. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, carcass yield, live weight/m2 and feed cost / live weight were assessed. Data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics and ANOVA α0.05. Energy x crude protein x stocking density interaction affects the feed intake (p<0.05) and the highest value was obtained using diet with low energy and crude protein levels. Treatment did not affect (p>0.05) survival rate, however, stocking density at 12 birds/m2 resulted in the best values (p<0.05) of weight gain (2230.71g) and feed conversion ratio (2.10) and the use of diets with lower crude protein and energy increased (p<0.05) the weight gain (2312.42g). The carcass yield was affected (p<0.05) by the interaction of energy x crude protein x stocking density, (p<0.05) with the lowest value (67.33%) found with birds raised on stocking density, 10 birds/m2 and diets with low crude protein and recommended energy. The lowest feed cost/live weight (p<0.05) was observed with stocking density at 12 birds/m2. Broiler chickens may be economically raised at stocking density 12 birds/m2 and on diet containing 2933kcal/kg ME with 21.92% crude protein for starter phase and 3095 kcal/kg ME and 19.14% crude protein for finishers during late wet season in Nigeria.Item Influence of varying energy and protein levels on the performance and feed cost of broiler chickens(2015) Adeyemo, G. O.; Madamidola, M. T.; Ademulegun, T. I.The influence of varying energy and protein levels on performance, carcass evaluation and gut morphology of broiler chickens were investigated in a 56-day feeding trial. A total of 192 one-day old Arbor acre broiler chickens were fed 6 diets at the starter and finisher phases. The diets were Recommended Energy-Recommended Protein (RERP, control), Recommended Energy-Lower Protein (RELP), Lower Energy-Recommended Protein (LERP), Lower Energy-Lower Protein (LELP), Higher Energy-Recommended Protein (HERP) and Higher Energy-Lower Protein (HELP). Birds were fed ad-libitum for 8 weeks and weighed weekly to determine their performance. Final body weight, average body weight gain and feed intake were recorded while the feed conversion ratios were determined. Feed cost in Naira (N) per kilogramme/diet for the six diets were determined. No significant (P>0.05) differences were recorded in the final body weight, average body weight gain and feed intake. Although, HERP and HELP diets enhanced these parameters. Feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) lowest in birds fed HERP and HELP diets. Birds on these treatments utilized their feed efficiently. Feed cost were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by varying energy and protein in diets. Feed cost increased with increased energy level. Diets with LELP had the least feed cost. In conclusion, feeding broilers with HERP and/or HELP gave better performance with an increased feed cost. However, lowering energy and protein in broiler diets will reduce feed cost at the expense of the bird's performance.Item Economy of broiler production as influenced by stocking density, protein and energy levels, and season(2018) Ademulegun, T. I.; Adeyemo, G. O.This study was carried out to assess the effect of stocking density, protein and energy levels, and season on the economy of broiler production. In a 6x3x2 factorial arrangement using completely randomized design, six diets with three metabolisable energy (ME kcal;/kg) and two crude protein(%) levels combination: 3106.00 and 23.00 (control, diet 1); 3112.00 and 21.70 (Diet 2); 2928.00 and 23.40(Diet 3); 2933.00 and 21.90(Diet 4); 3227.00 and 23.10(Diet 5); 3230.00 and 21.80 (Diet 6), were formulated. Three stocking densities (birds per m2):10, Low SD (LSD); 12, Recommended SD(RSD); and 14, High SD (HSD), were used in Late Wet Season (LWS), August-November) and Late Dry Season(LDS, February-April). In a seven-week feeding trial, 576 one-week old broilers were assigned to the respective diets and stocking densities, at 32 birds per treatment, in each season. Live weight per m2 (LW/m2, kg), Feed cost per live weight (FC/LW, kg), Gross margin/m2 (GM/m2, N Total Variable Cost/m2 (TVC/m2), were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.06.The LW/m2 was highest (p>0.05) for birds on HSD in both seasons. Birds on diet 4 had highest LW/m2 and lower FC/LW during LWS, while those on diet 1 had highest LW/m2 and lower FC/W during LDS. Birds raised on HSD had highest LW/m2 during both seasons, while those raised during LDS had highest Gm/m2. Late dry season (LDS), RSD&HSD had higher Gm/m2. Total Variable Cost was highest for LWS at HSD and least for LDS at LSD. Broiler production is more profitable during late dry season at stocking 14 birds/m2 with diet containing 3106 MEkcal/kg and 23.0% crude protein.Item Effect of stocking density on the welfare, haematology and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens(Society of Animal Science, Department of Livestock & Avian Science, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, 2011) Adeyemo, G. O.; Fashola, O. O.; Ademulegun, T. I.Influence of stocking density on welfare parameters (Litter temperature and moisture, microbial load, Gait score), haematology and serum biochemical indices (as indicators of condition of stress) on broilers was studied in an eight week feeding trial. A total of 240 one- day old Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three treatments (stocking densities) with 4 replicates each having 20 birds per replicate. The stocking densities rates were 10birds/m2, 12birds/m2 and 14 birds/ m2 respectively. Data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance. Serum biochemical indices and microbial load were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the treatments. A fraction of haematology, the haemoglobin (Hb) and eosinophil (Eos) were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by different stocking densities. Microbial toad, Utter moisture and temperature increased linearly with increasing stocking density across the treatments. Blood profile of the broiler chickens indicated no negative effect of stocking density except on Hb and Eos which reflected the packed condition of the birds. In conclusion, stocking density of 10birds/m2 can be recommended as birds fared best under this treatment.