FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Proximate and oragnoleptic analysis of carrot-fortified and vanilla flavoured cakes(2023) Apata, O. C.; Fashipe, J. T.; Meludu, N. T.This study investigated the proximate and organoleptic properties of carrot-fortified and vanilla flavoured cake. Specifically, it determined: proximate composition of carrot-fortified and vanilla flavoured cake: and organoleptic properties of carrot-fortified and vanilla flavoured cake. Samples of the products were prepared using standard methods. The product was divided into two parts, one part was subjected to proximate analysis while the other part was subjected to sensor}' evaluation. Proximate analysis of carrot- fortified and vanilla flavoured cake was carried out using standard methods. Twenty panellists were involved in the sensory evaluation of the products. A 7-point hedonic scale was used to collect data on the organoleptic properties of the samples. Dahl for sensory evaluation were analysed using percentages (%). Result of proximate analysis showed that carrot-fortified cake had the highest content of protein (15.6%). Moisture Content (15.6%)), ash (2.4%). crude fibre (I.2%), Tannins (55mg/100g), Saponins (35mg/100g) 35, Ascorbic Acid (14.5mg/100g), Carotenoids (350µg/100g), Thiamine (0.21mg/100)g), Riboflavin (0.17mg/100g), Niacin (2.65mg/100g) and lowest content of fat (25.0%), carbohydrate (42.2%) when compared to vanilla-flavoured cake. Also, the organoleptic result showed that carrot-fortified cake was ranked higher and accepted by the panellists when compared to vanilla flavoured cake based on the 7-point hedonic scale rating. Rased on these findings it was recommended that: further research could be carried out on the shelf life of carrot cake and mode of preservation with the use of natural preservatives such as vinegar and physiochemical analysis of the cakes during different stages of storage.Item Proximate and organoleptic analysis of cassava-based snack (combo bits) and chin-chin(Home Economics Research Association of Nigeria, 2023-09) Apata, O. C.; Joseph, R. O.This study investigated the proximate and organoleptic properties of combo bits and chin-chin. Specifically, it determined: proximate composition of combo bits and chin-chin, organoleptic properties of combo bits and chin-chin. Samples of combo bits and chin-chin were prepared using standard methods. One part of each product was subjected to proximate analysis while the other part was subjected to sensory evaluation. Proximate analysis of combo bits and chin-chin were carried out using standard methods. Twenty panelists were involved in sensory evaluation of both products. A 9-point hedonic scale was used to collect data on the sensory properties of combo bits and chin-chin. Data for sensory evaluation were analyzed using percentages (%). Findings indicate variations in the proximate analysis values (%) of combo bits and chin-chin. Also, combo bits was ranked higher when compared to chin-chin based on the 9-point hedonic scale rating for overall acceptability. Furthermore, none of the snacks was rated as being disliked (0%). There were however, variations in their ratings for “being liked”, ranging from, for instance, “liked moderately” in colour for combo bits (38.6%), “liked slightly” in colour for combo bits (20.5%), “liked very much” in colour for combo bits (30.1%); for chin-chin, “liked moderately” in colour for chin-chin (38.6%), “liked slightly” in colour for chin-chin (20.5%), “liked very much” in colour for chin-chin (19.3%). Based on findings two recommendations were made.Item Quality and acceptability evaluation of soy-cheese (tofu) enhanced with meat(Bangladesh Meat Science Association, 2023-03) Apata, E. S.; Sunmola, R. A.; Sunmola, R. A.; Olaleye, O. O.; Apata, O. C.The study was carried out to determine the quality and acceptability of soy-cheese (Tofu) enhanced with different meat types. 40g of raw soybeans, 40g of each meat type-beef, mutton, chevon, chicken and 5g of industrial grade calcium sulphate (CaSo4) were used for this study. The meat types + Tofu constituted the treatments, thus: T0 = Tofu only (control), Ti = Tofu + beef, T2 = Tofu + mutton, T3 = Tofu + chevon, T4 = Tofu + chicken meat. Data were collected and analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p<0.05. The meat Tofu products samples showed significant differences (p<0.05) in physical, chemical and the sensorial variables tested with chicken meat Tofu (T4) having highest (p<0.05) yield, water holding capacity, protein, fat, ash, all the organoleptic and overall acceptability values. This study supplied first hand information on the effect of meat inclusion in Tofu, therefore, chicken meat could be included in Tofu at ratio of 1:1 for quality and acceptability enhancement.Item Effect of replacing sodium erythorbate and nitrate with three Nigerian indigenous spices on the quality and sensorial characteristics of frankfurter sausage(2023-02) Apata, E. S.; Akinmade, E. B.; Apata, O. C.; Solana, I. O.; Uthman Akinhanmi, Y. O.Sausage is a meat product that is prepared by combining different meat types that are commuted and seasoned with various spices and additives which include sodium erythorbate and nitrate. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing both sodium erythorbate and nitrate with three Nigerian indigenous speies, Parkia biglobosa, Piper gidneense and Monodora myristica, each of the spice constituted a treatment, while the control was a Frankfurter sausage with both sodium erythorbate and nitrate thus: T0 = FF (control) T, = PB, T2 = PG and T3 =MM each contained 10% of the spices. The sausages samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, minerals and vitamins, microbiological and sensorial properties in a completely randomized design experiment and the significant means separated at p<0.05. Treatment 3 furnished highest yield, protein, mineral and vitamins, fiber, lowest microbial load, but highest eating properties and acceptability. It might be expressed from this study that indigenous spices are potential substitutes for sodium erythorbate and nitrate salts in sausage manufacture. From this study, it can be concluded that Monodora myristica can be used effective to replace the two salts in sausage to guarantee the quality and acceptability of the final product by consumers.Item Effect of utilising different concentrations of food grade vinegar as preservative on the quality of beef(2022) Apata, E. S.; Adegoke, M. A.; Apata, O. C.; Olugbemi, M. T.; Ogungbayi, G. B.; Okolosi, J. E.The influence of different concentrations of food grade vinegar as preservative on beef quality was evaluated in this study. Five levels of vinegar concentrations were tested and each constituted a treatment viz: T0 = (control) Freezer, T1 = 5%, T2 = 4%, T3 = 3%, T4 = 2%, and T5 = 1%. 1.5kg beef was purchased, chilled at 4oC for 24 hours, and apportioned to 6 parts of 250g per treatment. Beef samples were injected with vinegar (25 ml) in each treatment using a hypodermic needle and syringe and were immersed in same concentration in plastic containers and preserved for 14 days. The results indicated that vinegar concentrations significantly (p<0.05) affected beef quality fac-tors especially beef in T3 (3%) which furnished lower values of detrimental physical factors; cooking loss (12.23), thermal shortening (5.20) and drip loss (10.40), lipid oxidation mPV (0.11), TBA (0.22), microbial load TVC (4.60), TCC (3.29), TFC (2.38) and TAC (3.43) relative to other levels of vinegar concentrations. The same treatment (T3) elicited higher, cooking yield (87.77), raw meat colour (6.00), protein (20.47), flavour (6.70), texture (6.87) and overall acceptability (7.67) in comparison with other treatments of vinegar. It was recommended therefore; 3% vinegar could be utilized to preserve beef since it enlisted high shelf-life quality factors and acceptability.Item Acceptability of processed tiger nut (cyperpus esculentus) milk by visitors in Agodi gardens of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(2021-12) Apata, O. C.; Rabiu, Z. O.; Alab,i R. A.; Muh’d Bashir-Adeshina, S. B.The acceptability of processed tiger nut (Cyperpus esculentus) milk by visitors to Agodi Gardens, Ibadan was assessed. Tiger nut was mechanically processed into milk, packaged in plastic sample bottles and presented to 70 selected visitors in the garden. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and Spearman correlation at a0.05. The results revealed that most respondents were female (54.3%), single (65.7%), and possessed tertiary education (86.6%). Majority (72.1%) were aware of tiger nut milk, out of which 55.7% have taken it before. The colour of the product was ranked highest (1.60±0.75). This was followed by the ranking of the packaging material (1.77±0.95) and taste (2.14±2.08). The least ranked characteristics were flavour (2.34±1.13) and aroma (2.36±0.95). The overall acceptability (1,86±0.80) of the product was high. Taste, flavour and aroma significantly (p<0.005) influenced overall acceptability. The taste, aroma and flavour of the beverage should be enhanced using fruits like Pineapple, Strawberry, Apple and Orange. Sweetener like Honey or Coconut milk can also be used to enhance the taste and flavour; in order to make it more appealing to the consumers.Item Packaging and acceptability of yam balls (ojojo) among visitors to Agodi gardens in Oyo State, Nigeria(2021-05) Apata, O. C.; Oyewole, A. R.There is a need to enhance and support the implementation of locally made (indigenous) food items and snacks. This can be done by making them more tasty and presentable. Ojojo is a popular delicacy among the Ijebu tribe of south-west Nigeria, and can be regarded as a savory snack/food. It can be referred to as an underutilized snack due to the fact that it is made from water yam which is underutilized in this part of the world. Indigenous and traditional foods/snacks, if property utilized could help to solve the problem of poverty, hunger and malnutrition locally, and as such could be promoted to global level. The research was carried out in Agodi gardens located in Ibadan, Oyo state. One hundred and one copies of structured questionnaires (sensory evaluation form) were administered to respondents within Agodi gardens using convenient sampling to assess the organoleptic characteristics, different packaging and overall acceptability of ojojo. The questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics (charts and percentage) and inferential statistics (spearman correlation, t-test, and multiple linear regression. Result from nutritional/proximate analysis revealed that ojojo contains moisture (51.4%), protein (5.9%), fat (8.5%), ash (2.9%), crude fibre (1.1%) and carbohydrate (30.2%). The organoleptic characteristic showed that 58.4% of the respondents liked the taste of the sample, and the mean distribution showed that taste (x=7.35) ranked highest. The result for the different packaging materials showed that 85.4% liked the sample being served and 61.4% of the respondents' preferred plastic pack compared to other packaging materials. The level of acceptability showed that ojojo was well accepted by the respondents as 86.1% of the visitors had above the score of 6 (liked slightly) in the sensory attributes evaluated. Different packaging materials affected the level of acceptance of ojojo among visitors to Agodi gardens. Also, the nutritional benefits, taste, aroma, and overall packaging are major predictors of overall acceptability of ojojo.Item Proximate composition and microbial characteristics of processed tiger nut milk (cyperus esculentus)(Home Economics Professional Association of Nigeria (HEPAN), 2020-03) Apata, O. C.; Ajayi, O. O.; Adebayo, I. N.This study investigated the proximate and microbial characteristics of processed tiger nut milk. Tiger nut was purchased, processed under standard conditions and subjected to laboratory analysis in triplicates. The result showed that the sample contain 90.7% moisture content. 0.6% crude protein. 2.7% crude fat. 0.1% crude fibre. 0.2% ash and 5.7%> carbohydrate. The microbial toad was found to the higher than the FAO/WHO standard. The pH was found to decrease from 5.5 at preparation to 3.2 after 18 hours. It was concluded that tiger nut milk is a nutritious beverage with high moisture content hut low crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat and ash content. The milk decrease in pH suggested increase in acidity which aids spoilage.Item Service quality and customer loyalty in hotels within Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State(2019) Apata, O. C.; Afolabi, T. D.; Ajayi, O. O.; Abimbola, A. F.; Adebayo, I. N.; Okhiria, A. O.The study assessed the effect of service quality on customers’ loyalty in hotels within Ibadan metropolis. Random and convenience sampling was used to sample 192 respondents from thirteen hotels in four local government areas within Ibadan metropolis. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that there was an overall statistically significant correlation between service quality and overall loyalty (r = 0.439, p<0.01), word of mouth (r = 0.427, p< 0.01) and repeat patronage (r= 0.443, p< 0.01), there was no significant relationship between service quality and price insensitivity (r = 0.439, p>0.01). Overall expectation towards tangibility was at the agree level (4.18) while perception was ranked at the strongly agree level (4.24 )and (4.22), overall expectation towards reliability is at the agree level (4.06) and responsiveness was at the agree level (4.17), perception of responsiveness dimension was at the strongly agree level (4.26), overall expectation towards assurance was at the agree level (4.12), perception of assurance dimension was ranked at the agree level (4.19) and empathy dimension was ranked at the strongly agree level (4.29), while overall expectation towards empathy was at the agree level (4.27). There was significant relationship between service quality and customer loyalty.Item Assessment of chemical and organoleptic properties of fortified indigenous maize-based snack(2019) Apata, O. C.; Oyebade, O. J.; Ajayi, O. O.; Ajayi, O. O.; Adebayo, I. N.; Meludu, N. T.; Ayodele, I. A.Backgronnd: Aadun is an indigenous maize-bascd snack high in energy, phosphorus and magnesium but low in protein. it is often sold with minimal packaging under conditions which may lead to its rapid deterioration. Protein fortification and improved packaging could enhance its balance of nutrients and increase acceptability. Objective: The study evaluated the chemical composition and organoleptic qualities of fortified, aadun. Methodology: Four different samples of aadun were prepared. T0 served as the control (unfortified aadun) while the three others (T i, T2 and T3 were fortified with groundnut, cray fish and soybeans, respectively. The four samples were subjected to proximate and mineral analysis. Different packaging materials such as foil paper, polyethylene and plastic plate covered with kiln film were used to present the samples to 50 panellists for organoleptic assessment. Results were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOV A using SPSS version 20 Results- fortified samples were found to be significantly different in their chemical composition and sensory attributes from the control sample. The fortified aadun samples had higher protein, crude fibre, ether extract, iron magnesium, iodine, sodium, potassium and phosphorus due the control. The T0, was rated highest for the colour and the T1 for taste, texture, aroma and overall acceptability. The most preferred packaging material for the samples was plastic plate covered with kiln film while polyethylene was least preffered. Conclusion: Fortifying aadun with different ingredients especially groundnut and improving the materials used in packaging will improve its consumer acceptability.