FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

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End date: 1999

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    Journal of tropical forest resources
    (1998) Ayodele, I.A.; Alarape A.A.
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    Essentials of wildlife management
    (Jachin Publisher, 1999) Ayodele, I.A.; Ebin, C. O.; Alarape, A.A.
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    The efficacy of karate (lambdacyhalothrin) in controlling heloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) on soybeans (glycine max. L. Merril.)
    (1997) Fadina, O.O; Adesiyan, S.O.
    The nematicidal properties of a synthetic pyrethriod (Karate) was investigated. In laboratory experiments, Karate at different concentrations (4,000ppm, 6,000ppm and 8,000pm against Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) prevented egg- hatch and accentuated the death of the infective second stage juveniles. In green-house experiments, as little as 4,000ppm of Karate reduced both the number of galls and the population of juveniles in soils when compare with the Control plants. However, Karate applied as soil-drench resulted in wilting of plants at all concentrations
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    The Effects of Single and Combined Repetitive Oral Administration of Common Pesticides and Alcohol on Rabbits
    (1999) Fadina, O.O; Taiwo, V.O; Ogunsunmi, A.O
    The toxicological effects of repetitive single or combined oral administration of a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide (KarateR), nicotine and alcohol (ethanol) in rabbits were studied. Rabbits given daily oral doses of either KarateR, nicotine or ethanol and a combination of either KarateR and nicotine or alcohol exhibited various forms and severities of nervous signs, haematological and serum biochemical alterations, and lungs, liver, heart, kidney and brain damage. Single repetitive nicotine consumption proved most fatal with 75% mortality rate recorded within eight weeks, while combined KarateR and alcohol consumption caused 100% mortality within ten weeks. Severe anaemia, panleucopenia, significant increase in serum gammaglutamyl transferase and hypocholesterolaemia were the hallmarks of severe toxicity with these agents. This study highlights the possible long-term effects of the indiscriminate use of pesticides, and some common environmental pollutants like alcohol on rabbits. This very serious threat to biodiversity Conservation efforts in our environment that may result from this is discussed.
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    Oil spillage and agriculture: effects of spent lubricating oil on soil nutrients and yield of soybeans {glycine max L. merril)
    (1998) Fadina, O. O.; Mbotig, Mbotig
    The toxicological effects of spent lubricating oil on Iwo Varieties of soybeans TGX I485-ID and TGX I448-2E Were investigated. Soil Chemical analysis before Planting and After harvest Revealed that there were variable decrease in the levels of Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Zinc (Zn), Copper, (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn) with Increasing level of oil contamination. However, the Amount of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mn), lron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) was found to have increased In the soil after harvest. Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) were not detected in the contaminated and uncontaminated soils. Spent lubricating oil was found to cause delayed germination, reduced growth and yield Parameters In both varieties of soybeans; and with increasing level of oil contamination, the toxicity of the oil to soybeans were more pronounced
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    Body dimensions of N’dama cattle in humid South West Nigeria
    (Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 1999) Ososanya, T. O.; Olutogun, O.
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    AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TOBACCO PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN WESTERN AND KWARA STATES OF NIGERIA
    (1978-01) ADIO, D. A.
    The objective of this study is to assess the economic performance of tobacco processing industry in Western and Kwara States of Nigeria. After a brief discussion of the development of tobacco industry in Nigeria, some technical aspects of tobacco leaf production, cigarettes manufacture, and blackfat manufacture were discussed. Three firms were selected for the study. These are Nigerian Tobacco Company Limited, Philip Morris (Nigeria) Limited and Premier Tobacco Company Limited. The data used for the study were obtained from two main sources. The Federal Office of Statistics, Lagos; and through questionnaires and personal interviews with the selected tobacco processing firms. Investigations on the economic characteristics of the selected firms indicated that the firms differed not only in year of establishment, but also in ownership patterns (private vs. quasi government), size of capital, labour employment; output size, and value-added to the Nigerian economy. The largest firm (NTC), employed 3,302 workers in 1973 whilst Philip Morris (Nigeria) Limited, which is a medium-sized firm, employed 836 workers during the same period. The smallest firm, Premier Tobacco Company, employed only 40 workers during the same year. Also in terms of capital investment, NTC invested N15,000,000 in 1973, Philip Morris invested N2,400,604, and Premier Tobacco Company invested only N746,150 during the same period. In terms of value-added, NTC contributed N21,4l5,604 whilst Philip Morris added N6,582,75C and PTC added only N33,350 to the economy for the year 1973. The analysis of costs and returns involved in cigarettes manufacture revealed considerable disparity in the cost outlay and in the net returns to each firm. In 1973, for instance, the total cost for NTC was N31,387,419; that of Philip Morris was N10,l30,457; while that of PTC was only NI02.877. The net returns were Ml8,387,581 for NTC, «5,3l3,8o4 for Philip Morris and Nl4,346 for PTC for the same period. From the balance sheets and income statements of these firms, a financial analysis was carried out. This analysis revealed some favourable liquidity and solvency ratios for each firm and thus, each firm could easily qualify for loans advancement from financial institutions for the period under review. Using some time series data collected from the firms, production functions for tobacco processing industry were estimated. The estimated functions revealed that the level of productivities of tobacco leaf input, labour, and capital inputs varied from one firm to the other whilst excise tax had some negative effects on cigarettes manufacture. The sum of elasticity coefficients (which was less than one) implied a decreasing return to scale. The policy implication of the study stressed the need to check smuggling of cigarettes into the country from the neighbouring countries and the need for expansion and better management of the cigarette firms.
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    RICE INDUSTRY IN KWARA STATE OF NIGERIA: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
    (1978-08) ADENIYI, J. P.
    The objective of the study is, broadly, to examine the structure and performance of rice production and processing enterprise in Kwara state with a view to identifying possible ways of transforming the industry. The study also aims at identifying and evaluating some of the factors determining the level of marketed surplus and consumption of rice. The analytical tools employed are mostly a combination of farm record analysis and Statistical regression/production function techniques. Most of the survey data were collected during the 1977/78 crop season from 230 farming units, 20 rice mills, 50 rice parboilers and 183 rice consumers in Kwara state. Chapter I deals with the general introduction, problem Situation, objectives and methodology, followed by literature review in Chapter II. Chapter III is devoted to an analysis of resource Situation in rice production while Chapter IV deals with resource productivity and resource-use efficiency in rice farming. The structure and economic performance of rice processing industry is analysed in Chapter V; the Chapter also examines the least-cost milling facilities in Kwara state. Chapter VI is devoted to the analysis of the marketed surplus and home consumption of rice while in Chapter VII, the functional relationship between the quantity of rice consumed and selected variables are examined and some consumption elasticities are computed. The findings are summarised in Chapter VIII. The analysis of resource Situation showed, among other things, that Capital is the most limiting factor in Kwara state peasant rice production. It was shown further that while non-institutional sources of credit play a dominant role in peasant rice production, the role of institutional sources is almost nil. The costs and returns analysis showed that, within the limits imposed by the quality of data, an average rice farmer was making a quite satisfactory performance. With an average paddy rice yield of 1,506.9 kg. per hectare, and an estimated cost of £1205.8 per hectare, the net revenue accrueing to an average farmer was estimated at £1251.6 per hectare. In all the areas under study, the land variable alone accounted for over 70% of the variability in the aggregate production of rice, showing clearly that land is the most crucial determinant of rice production in Kwara state. On the whole, only few significant inefficiencies in resource' use were observed, implying that a mere re-allocation of resources may not have any appreciable effect on aggregate rice output. The study also revealed constant returns to scale on both large and small rice farms, and rejected the hypothesis of inverse relationship between output and farm size in paddy rice farming. The analysis of rice processing Operation revealed that rice processing units were making satisfactory performance in spite of the rather high processing costs, the estimated net returns being N7.96 and N51.5 per ton for parboiling and milling units respectively. It was further shown that small rice mills are the least-cost milling facilities in Kwara State. The emphasis on the marketed surplus study was both on the conceptual framework of the models and of the numerical results, The study showed that the allocation of rice output between market sales and home consumptions were both sensitive to price changes. Total price elasticity of marketed surplus ranged from 0.90 to 1.91 while that of home consumption elasticity fell in the range of -0.27 to -1.6. Output elasticity of marketed surplus ranged from 0.64 to 2.5. It was further shown that volume of production was more significant than family size and producer price in their influence on the marketed surplus of rice. With regards to rice consumption by non-rice producing households, the result showed that while family size and income are positively and significantly correlated with the consumption of rice, education appears to be an insignificant Variable. Household size elasticities ranged from 0.46 - 0.58 while income elasticities of rice consumption fell in the range of 0.02to 0.38. The result also points to the conclusion that, at present, consumers' preference for imported rice is rather strong, owing largely to the relatively high cooking quality of this commodity vis-a-vis that of the locally produced rice. Suggested policy measures include the development of irrigation facilities in the state, the expansion of farmers' credit base, selective mechanisation of rice farming operations, the use of modern rice mills in rice processing, a vigorous use of price instrument for the purpose of increasing the marketed surplus of rice in Kwara state and the removal of marketing bottlenecks, not only to facilitate efficient distribution of rice, but also to ensure that farmers are aware of the existing market conditions.