FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Assessment of poverty among urban farmers in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria(Kamla-Raj, 2008) Yusuf, S. A.; Adesanoye, A. O.; Awotide, D. O.This study examined poverty status of urban farm households. The study was carried out in Ibadan metropolis. The data used for the study were obtained from well-structured questionnaires. 200 farming households were sampled from two local government areas within Ibadan metropolis. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, poverty indices and logistics regression analysis. Results from the study showed that those engaged in crop farming have the highest poverty level (50%), while mixed farming households have poverty level of 37% and livestock, 17%. The estimated logistic regression equation showed that crop farming activity engaged in and household size increase the odd ratio of being poor while age of urban farmers, educational status, years of experience in farming and livestock farming decrease the odd ratio of being poor. Hence, mixed farming and livestock farming are antidote to reducing poverty among urban farmers.Item Rural households’ access to microcredit and poverty status in Obafemi- Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria(University of Ibadan,, 2008) Adepoju, A. O.; Oluoha, K.This study examined the effect of access to micro-cred it on poverty status of rural households in Obafemi -Owode LGA in Ogun state, employing data collected from 94 randomly selected households in the study area. Data were analysed with the aid of FGT poverty index and the Logit regression model. The results of descriptive analysis reveal that majority of the poor households in the study area were large sized, male headed with no formal education and no access to credit. The head count poverty index also reveals that about 35 percent of households in the study area were poor, subsisting below the poverty line of 6,279.33 naira per capital per month. The econometric analysis shows that age, house hold size, secondary and tertiary education of household head, access to credit and sector of primary occupation of the household head were the significant factors that determine poverty status in the study area. The study concludes that poverty reduction in the rural areas requires effective t a r get in g with educational programmes a n d most importantly, availability and accessibility of rural households to credit facilities in order to improve their income earning opportunities thereby enhancing their welfare.Item Effect of malaria on cassava farmers' technical efficiency in Oyo state, Nigeria(Journal of Rural Economics and Development, 2006) Adepoju, A. O.; Soname, S. O.; Falusi, A. O.The study analyses the effect of malaria on farmers' technical efficiency in Oyo State. A multistage simple random sampling technique was used to elicit information from 100 farmers. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was estimated for the farmers using the maximum likelihood method. The results revealed that an average farmer in the study area has malaria at least once a year and that treatment of malaria costs the farmer 21.39percent of his total income per incidence. Whereas land, labour and fertilizer were the major physical variables influencing the farmers technical efficiency, 'awareness of malaria, number of days of incapacitation due to malaria, use of preventive drugs were the other variables that affected the farmers' efficiency in the study area. Polio/ thrust of government should therefore be directed towards the provision of primary healthcare, sensitization on the prevention and treatment of malaria m order to improve the technical efficiency of the farmers in the study areaItem Critical factors in willingness to participate in forest management: the case of Gambari forest reserve, Oyo State Nigeria(Forestry Association of Nigeria (FAN), 2003) Jimoh, S. O.; Falade, O. F.The study investigated the factors that could motivate members of forest adjoining communities to participate in the management of Onigambari Forest Reserve. Oyo State, Nigeria. Stratified quota sampling was used to select one hundred and fifty- eight respondents among the local community members. Data processing was by simple statistics, chi-square test of independence and logistic regression analysis. Results indicate that application of financial incentives does not have significant effect on willingness to participate (p > 0.05), but the effects of non-financial incentives and sociological factors are significant (p < 0.05). Results of logistic regression show that age, educational status; incentive requirement (technical) and roles played in forest management have significant impact on willingness to participate in forest management with a log- likelihood ratio of 278.317 (X tab.= 124.342: df=138 and P= 0.05). In view of the fact that socio-economic factors such as age; education; incentive requirement, tennurial rights, marketability of forest products and forest protection technics have significant effect on willingness to participate; it is recommended that government should embark on massive awareness campaign to educate the people on the benefits they stand to derive by actively participating in forest management. The practice of tangra should be encouraged in order to motivate landless strangers to participate in forest regeneration.. The forest reserve should be managed to supply multiplicity of goods and services for social acceptability and ecological sustainability. Community Associations should be encouraged to establish nurseries from which timber takers would be required to purchase seedlings for replacing felled trees.Item Early growth and dry matter yield of gmelina arborea (ROXB) on basement complex and ferric luvisolsoils(Forestry Association of Nigeria (FAN), 2009) Falade, O. F.; Bada, S. O.The study investigated the use efficiency of selected soil nutrient elements-N, P and K in the synthesis of organic matter by Gmelina arborea seedlings. Gmelina arborea (family: Verbarnacaea) seedlings were grown on basement complex and ferric luvisol soils for 3-months. Sixty polythene pots were filled with each soil type, which formed an experimental unit. Each experimental unit was replicated three times making a total of 360 Gmelina arborea seedlings. Eight seedlings were selected weekly for the first four weeks and four seedlings per week for the remaining six weeks in each experimental unit. Composite samples of soil media and sampled seedling were taken weekly and chemically analyzed for the determination of possible changes in nutrient concentrations. The dried leaves and shoot were combusted at 500°c, for carbon content determination. Student t-test shows no significant difference in biomass carbon between basement complex and ferric luvisol soils (paired sampled t-test, 80.92 vs 80.35g/kg, respectively, p<0.05, n=10). Significant relationship exists between leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of seedlings grown on both soil types. Thus, P and N provide a much sensitive measure of the relative cost of dry matter production than potassium in these soils. The study highlights quantitative relationships that would allow silviculturists to estimate accurately the phosphorus and nitrogen-supplying power of basement complex and ferric luvisol soils.Item Early growth and dry matter yield of gmelina arborea (roxb) on basement complex and ferric luvisol soils(The Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2009-12) Falade, O. F.; Bada, S. O.The study investigated the use efficiency of selected soil nutrient elements-N, P and K in the synthesis of organic matter by Gmelina arborea seedlings. Gmelina arborea (family: Verbamacaea) seedlings were grown on basement complex and ferric luvisol soils for 3-months. Sixty polythene pots were filled with each soil type, which formed an experimental unit. Each experimental unit was replicated three times making a total of 360 Gmelina arborea seedlings. Eight seedlings were selected weekly for the first four weeks and four seedings per week for the remaining six weeks in each experimental unit. Composite samples of soil media and sampled seedling were taken weekly and chemically analyzed for the determination of possible changes in nutrient concentrations. The dried leaves and shoot were combusted at 500°c, for carbon content determination. Student t-test shows no significant difference in biomass carbon between basement complex and ferric luvisol soils (paired sampled t-test, 80.92 vs 80.35g/kg, respectively, p<0.05, n=10). Significant relationship exists between leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of seedlings grown on both soil types. Thus, P and N provide a much sensitive measure of the relative cost of dry matter production than potassium in these soils. The study highlights quantitative relationships that would allow silviculturists to estimate accurately the phosphorus and nitrogen-supplying power of basement complex and ferric luvisol soils.Item Critical factors in willingness to participate in forest management: tiie case of Gamiiari Forest Reserve, Oyo state, Nigeria.(Forestry Association of Nigeria and the Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, 2003) Jimoh, S. O.; Falade, O. F.The study investigated the factors that could motivate members of forest adjoining communities to participate in the management of Onigambari Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria. Stratified quota sampling was used to select one hundred and fifty- eight respondents among the local community members. Data processing was by simple statistics, chi-square test of independence and logistic regression analysis. Results indicate that application of financial incentives does not have significant, effect on willingness to participate (p > 0.05), but the effects of non-financial), incentives and sociological factors are significant (p < 0.05). Results of logistic regression show that age, educational Status; incentive requirement (technical) and roles played in forest management have significant impact on willingness to participate in forest management will a log likelihood ratio of 278.317 (X(2) tab.= 124.342: df.= l38 and P= 0.05) . In view of the fact that socio-economic factors such as age; education; incentive requirement. tennurial rights, marketability of forest products and forest protection technics have significant effect on willingness to participate; it is recommended that government should embark on massive awareness campaign to educate the people on the benefits they stand to derive by actively participating in forest management. The practice of latmgya should be encouraged in order to motivate landless strangers to participate in forest regeneration. The forest reserve should be managed to supply multiplicity of goods and Services for: Social acceptability and ecological sustainability. Community Associations should be encouraged to establish nurseries from which timber takers would be required to purchase seedlings for replacing felled trees.Item Body Dimensions Of Fulani And Yoruba Ecotype Chickens Under Intensive Systems Of Management(2009) Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Salako, A.E.; Adurogbangban, O.One hundred and thirty- three (133) day old chicks consisting of sixty-seven (67) Fulani ecotype chicks and sixty-six (66) Yoruba ecotype chicks were used in a 12-weeks study to compare body weight and 10 body parameters of birds under the intensive system of management. Results showed that the Fulani ecotype chicks had better live weight from week 1 - 12 (p>0.05) (live weight: 32.30±3.74 - 461.50±102.06g for females and 34.00±3.73- 552.43±104.98g for males) while the Yoruba ecotype chicks had lower live weights (24.27±1.55¬ 394.46±29.86g for females and 24.09±1.48- 395.92±17.85g for males respectively). The Fulani type also had superior values for breast breadth and length, with values ranging from 2.06±0.37- 11.14±1.49cm for male breast length and 1.92±0.28- 10.45±1.14cm for female breast length. The breast breadth had values of 2.60±0.53- 2.60±0.53cm for males and 2.64±0.49- 8.60±0.99cm for females. The Yoruba ecotype chickens however had superior values (p>0.05) for comb length (0.58±0.9- 2.30±0.37cm for males, 0.62±0.09¬ 1.72±0.19cm) and beak length (1.32±0.11- 2.94±0.13cm for males, 1.27±0.08-2.82±0.16cm for females), throughout the study period. Wing length also changed in the same way from week 7 for females and week 9 for males to favour values recorded for the Yoruba ecotype chickens. All other parameters were higher (p>0.05) for the Fulani ecotype chickens. It was concluded that the Fulani ecotype chicken has potentials to be selected as meat type chickens while the Yoruba ecotype chickens has potentials to be selected more as egg type chickens.Item On-field assessment of critical period of weed interference in okra [abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench] field in ibadan, a rainforest-savanna transition eco-zone of Nigeria(2009) Awodoyin ,R.O.; Olubode, O.S.The critical period of weed interference is defined as the period in the life cycle of a crop during which it must be kept free of weeds to prevent unacceptable yield losses. The critical period of weed interference in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] was determined in the field trials during two cropping seasons (2006 and 2007) in the crop garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan located in the rainforest-savanna transition ecological zone of Nigeria. The study, consisting of two sets of treatments was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. In the first set of treatments, the crop was kept free of weeds for the first 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and subsequently weeds were allowed to grow (weed-free then weedy, WF-WD) until harvest, to determine the growth stage at which emerging weeds would no longer reduce the crop yields. In the second set of treatments, weeds were permitted to grow with the crop for an increasing length of time as listed above and subsequently the plots remained weed-free (weedy then weed-free, WD-WF) to determine the period at which weeds emerging with the crop began to suppress the growth of the crop and reduce its yield. Seasonlong weed-free (WD-0-WF) and weedy (WF-0-WD) treatments served as checks to compare weed competition and yield losses with other treatments. Season-long weed interference with okra resulted in 42.3% and 33.3% reduction in plant height, 54.9% and 45.5% reduction in stem diameter and 71.2% and 79.5% reduction in okra shoot dry weight in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Weeds that interfered with okra from 2 WAP resulted in 79.8% and 72.5% fresh fruit yield reduction in 2006 and 2007 respectively, and weed interference with okra from 8 WAP resulted in 19.8% and 19.6% yield losses in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Thirty one (31) weed species were enumerated in the study area with dicotyledons being the most prevalent (80.7%). The most important of the weed species among the dicotyledons was SynedrellaItem Diversity and proximate composition of herbaceous components of old oyo national park, nigeria in relation to wildlife conservation(2009) Olubode, O.S.; Awodqyin, R.O.; Ogunyemi, S.The diversity of wildlife in Parks depends on availability and distribution of flora feeding resources. Abundance and proximate relationships between wild plants and wildlife may determine conservation potentials of a Park. The composition and diversity of species in three wetlands (Ibuya, Ipade-Aya and Ajalcu) in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria were studied in dry (February-March) and wet (September- October) seasons of 2004-2006. Herbaceous flora of the three wetlands were systematically assessed using 5000 m2 plots on which two 100 m diagonal transects were superimposed to enumerate all low-growing plants that rooted within thirty randomly selected 1 m2 quadrats. Four most abundant plant species in two families were selected for proximate analyses. Three topsoil samples of each site were randomly collected and analysed for physicochemical properties. Hyparrhenia involucrata Stapf. and Andropogon tectorum Schumach were the most abundant herbs in the wetlands. Ipade-Aya had the highest Shannon-Weiner (H1) and evenness (J) values of 1.6 and 0.7 respectively. Ibuya had H'=1.0 and J=0.5; while Ajalcu had H'=1.0 and J=0.5. The protein contents of the forage grasses significantly (P<0.05) ranked in the order: Andropogon tectorum > Andropogon gay anus Kunth > Hyparrhenia involucrata > Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf. Soils of the wetlands were mostly similar, except Ajalcu which was sandy loam. Fauna populations at the three sites were low. The highest detected faunal populations were nine at Ibuya, and three each at Ipade-Aya and Ajaku. Available nutritious grasses may not continue to sustain wildlife populations. Further research should consider increasing forage for faunal conservation.