FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Reaction of Dioscorea alata (water yam) to anthracnose disease in Nigeria(WFL Publisher Science and Technology, 2008) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Asiedu, R.; Odebode, A. C.Anthracnose disease, caused by the pathogen Collectotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., is a serious challenge to the cultivation of Dioscorea alata, a major source of food and income for millions of farm households in the tropics. Five breeder’s lines and eighteen landraces of D. alata from IITA’s germplasm collection were screened in the field in three agroecological zones (southern guinea savanna, derived savannah and the humid forest) of Nigeria for two years. The objective was to study their reactions to anthracnose disease and investigate the influences of environment (E) and genotype x environment (G x E) interactions on these using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. Environments (E), obtained as location x year combination, genotypes (G) and G x E interactions were highly significant (P<0.01) for severity of anthracnose disease and accounted for 48, 26.2 and 25.8% of the treatment (G x E combination) sum of squares, respectively. Incidence and severity of foliar symptoms were assessed on three occasions during each growing season. The disease was most severe at Umudike in the humid forest, followed by Ibadan (derived savannah) and Mokwa (southern guinea savannah). The severity was also higher in 1999 across all locations than in 2000. TDa 289 and TDa 294 were identified as the most resistant genotypes. TDa 297, TDa 95/00328, TDa 95/00197 and TDa 95/00010 were stable in their reactions to anthracnose disease across the environments. These lines could be useful in breeding for increased and more stable resistance to anthracnose disease in yam breeding programmes.Item Utilization of whole cassava plant (TMS 0581) by West African Dwarf Goats.(College of Agricultural sciences: Olabisi Onabanjo University, 2008) Fasina, O. E.; Ijaduola, O. O.; Bello, A. I.; Fayinminnu, O. O.Growth and metabolic studies were conducted with twenty four goats (12 males and 12 females). They were fed on ration consisting of basal fresh P. maximum and cassava chips alone or in combination with cassava hay (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Cassava supplements were offered at 1% liveweight (DM). Supplementation with cassava chips, with or without cassava hay decreased (P<0.0001) P. maximum DM intake. However, total DMI of the animals fed cassava- based diets was significantly (P<0.0001) higher than DMI of animals fed T1. Digestibilities of DM, CP and CF were also significant (P<0.0001). Although N intake values were not significant (P>0.0001), animals fed T1 recorded the least N retention value (0.03g/day/W).Item Efficacy and Gross margin analysis of carbofuran on nematode management in three cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp)(Faman: farm management association of Nigeria, 2007) Sosanya, O. S.; Afolami, C. A.; Fayinminnu, O. O.Field trials were carried out in 2000, 2001 and 2002 to study the efficacy of applying carbofuran at 0 kg a.iЛha; 2.4 kg a.i/ha; 3.0 kg aiha and 3.6 kg a.i/ha in the management of nematode populations in the production of three cowpea cultivars: Ife Brown, JT90K- 277-2 and a local premium 'Oloyin'. The 4x3 field trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training sub-station, Ikenne and University of Agriculture (UNAAB) Teaching and Research Farm Abeokuta. Soil nematode population densities were assayed using the Whitehead and Hemming tray method prior to planting and at the end of each experiment. Data collected on number of days to 50% flowering, number of seeds/pods, 100- seed weight, nematode populations and grain yield were subjected to analysis of variance, correlation, and cost-benefit analysis with means separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results obtained revealed the presence of economically important plant parasitic tematodes in the two locations, Meloidogyne juveniles, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Helicotylenchus species being the host common. Application of carbofuran significantly reduced number of days to 50% flowering by 2-5 days. The relationship between treatment and nematode population was inversely proportional such that the lower the nematode population density the higher the grain yield and vice versa. Nematode population densities were significantly reduced at the lowest 2.4 kg a.i/ha rate of arbofuran with further significant reduction at 3.0kg a.i/ha. The least nematode infested variety was the IT90K-277-2 which recorded te lowest number of days to 50% flowering, highest number of seeds/pods and consequently yielded more grains than Ife-Brown and Oloyin varieties. Cost- benefit analysis indicated higher monetary returns of N 3.851.00kN 21,512.50k difference in profit tributable to carbofuran treatments compared to the control at all levels of application.Item Effect of rainfall and temperature distribution in Yewa North savannah and Onigambari rainforest zones of Nigeria on maize and cassava intercrop(2006) Ndubuaku, U. M.,; Adejonwo, K. O.; Sosanya, O. S.; Fayinminnu, O. O.This study was carried out in the savannah region of Ayetoro in Yewa North and the rainforest region of Onigambari in Ibadan North to determine the effects of rainfalland temperature distributions on the growth and yield of tropical Zea mays resistant variety with yellow flint (TZSR-Y) in the two ecological zones. The meteorological results showed even distributions of rainfall and temperature at Onigambari rainforest zone in 2004 and 2005 while those of Ayetoro savannah vegetation followed an irregular pattern. There was higher vegetative growth of the maize plants in terms of number of leaves, leaf area, stem height, number and length of internodes. The yield values such as the number and weight of grains per hectare were higher in Ayetoro than Onigambari. There were no significant differences in the moisture contents of the grains in both ecological zones.Item Assessment of poverty among urban farmers in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria(Kamla-Raj, 2008) Yusuf, S. A.; Adesanoye, A. O.; Awotide, D. O.This study examined poverty status of urban farm households. The study was carried out in Ibadan metropolis. The data used for the study were obtained from well-structured questionnaires. 200 farming households were sampled from two local government areas within Ibadan metropolis. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, poverty indices and logistics regression analysis. Results from the study showed that those engaged in crop farming have the highest poverty level (50%), while mixed farming households have poverty level of 37% and livestock, 17%. The estimated logistic regression equation showed that crop farming activity engaged in and household size increase the odd ratio of being poor while age of urban farmers, educational status, years of experience in farming and livestock farming decrease the odd ratio of being poor. Hence, mixed farming and livestock farming are antidote to reducing poverty among urban farmers.Item Rural households’ access to microcredit and poverty status in Obafemi- Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria(University of Ibadan,, 2008) Adepoju, A. O.; Oluoha, K.This study examined the effect of access to micro-cred it on poverty status of rural households in Obafemi -Owode LGA in Ogun state, employing data collected from 94 randomly selected households in the study area. Data were analysed with the aid of FGT poverty index and the Logit regression model. The results of descriptive analysis reveal that majority of the poor households in the study area were large sized, male headed with no formal education and no access to credit. The head count poverty index also reveals that about 35 percent of households in the study area were poor, subsisting below the poverty line of 6,279.33 naira per capital per month. The econometric analysis shows that age, house hold size, secondary and tertiary education of household head, access to credit and sector of primary occupation of the household head were the significant factors that determine poverty status in the study area. The study concludes that poverty reduction in the rural areas requires effective t a r get in g with educational programmes a n d most importantly, availability and accessibility of rural households to credit facilities in order to improve their income earning opportunities thereby enhancing their welfare.Item Effect of malaria on cassava farmers' technical efficiency in Oyo state, Nigeria(Journal of Rural Economics and Development, 2006) Adepoju, A. O.; Soname, S. O.; Falusi, A. O.The study analyses the effect of malaria on farmers' technical efficiency in Oyo State. A multistage simple random sampling technique was used to elicit information from 100 farmers. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was estimated for the farmers using the maximum likelihood method. The results revealed that an average farmer in the study area has malaria at least once a year and that treatment of malaria costs the farmer 21.39percent of his total income per incidence. Whereas land, labour and fertilizer were the major physical variables influencing the farmers technical efficiency, 'awareness of malaria, number of days of incapacitation due to malaria, use of preventive drugs were the other variables that affected the farmers' efficiency in the study area. Polio/ thrust of government should therefore be directed towards the provision of primary healthcare, sensitization on the prevention and treatment of malaria m order to improve the technical efficiency of the farmers in the study areaItem Critical factors in willingness to participate in forest management: the case of Gambari forest reserve, Oyo State Nigeria(Forestry Association of Nigeria (FAN), 2003) Jimoh, S. O.; Falade, O. F.The study investigated the factors that could motivate members of forest adjoining communities to participate in the management of Onigambari Forest Reserve. Oyo State, Nigeria. Stratified quota sampling was used to select one hundred and fifty- eight respondents among the local community members. Data processing was by simple statistics, chi-square test of independence and logistic regression analysis. Results indicate that application of financial incentives does not have significant effect on willingness to participate (p > 0.05), but the effects of non-financial incentives and sociological factors are significant (p < 0.05). Results of logistic regression show that age, educational status; incentive requirement (technical) and roles played in forest management have significant impact on willingness to participate in forest management with a log- likelihood ratio of 278.317 (X tab.= 124.342: df=138 and P= 0.05). In view of the fact that socio-economic factors such as age; education; incentive requirement, tennurial rights, marketability of forest products and forest protection technics have significant effect on willingness to participate; it is recommended that government should embark on massive awareness campaign to educate the people on the benefits they stand to derive by actively participating in forest management. The practice of tangra should be encouraged in order to motivate landless strangers to participate in forest regeneration.. The forest reserve should be managed to supply multiplicity of goods and services for social acceptability and ecological sustainability. Community Associations should be encouraged to establish nurseries from which timber takers would be required to purchase seedlings for replacing felled trees.Item Early growth and dry matter yield of gmelina arborea (ROXB) on basement complex and ferric luvisolsoils(Forestry Association of Nigeria (FAN), 2009) Falade, O. F.; Bada, S. O.The study investigated the use efficiency of selected soil nutrient elements-N, P and K in the synthesis of organic matter by Gmelina arborea seedlings. Gmelina arborea (family: Verbarnacaea) seedlings were grown on basement complex and ferric luvisol soils for 3-months. Sixty polythene pots were filled with each soil type, which formed an experimental unit. Each experimental unit was replicated three times making a total of 360 Gmelina arborea seedlings. Eight seedlings were selected weekly for the first four weeks and four seedlings per week for the remaining six weeks in each experimental unit. Composite samples of soil media and sampled seedling were taken weekly and chemically analyzed for the determination of possible changes in nutrient concentrations. The dried leaves and shoot were combusted at 500°c, for carbon content determination. Student t-test shows no significant difference in biomass carbon between basement complex and ferric luvisol soils (paired sampled t-test, 80.92 vs 80.35g/kg, respectively, p<0.05, n=10). Significant relationship exists between leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of seedlings grown on both soil types. Thus, P and N provide a much sensitive measure of the relative cost of dry matter production than potassium in these soils. The study highlights quantitative relationships that would allow silviculturists to estimate accurately the phosphorus and nitrogen-supplying power of basement complex and ferric luvisol soils.Item Early growth and dry matter yield of gmelina arborea (roxb) on basement complex and ferric luvisol soils(The Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2009-12) Falade, O. F.; Bada, S. O.The study investigated the use efficiency of selected soil nutrient elements-N, P and K in the synthesis of organic matter by Gmelina arborea seedlings. Gmelina arborea (family: Verbamacaea) seedlings were grown on basement complex and ferric luvisol soils for 3-months. Sixty polythene pots were filled with each soil type, which formed an experimental unit. Each experimental unit was replicated three times making a total of 360 Gmelina arborea seedlings. Eight seedlings were selected weekly for the first four weeks and four seedings per week for the remaining six weeks in each experimental unit. Composite samples of soil media and sampled seedling were taken weekly and chemically analyzed for the determination of possible changes in nutrient concentrations. The dried leaves and shoot were combusted at 500°c, for carbon content determination. Student t-test shows no significant difference in biomass carbon between basement complex and ferric luvisol soils (paired sampled t-test, 80.92 vs 80.35g/kg, respectively, p<0.05, n=10). Significant relationship exists between leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of seedlings grown on both soil types. Thus, P and N provide a much sensitive measure of the relative cost of dry matter production than potassium in these soils. The study highlights quantitative relationships that would allow silviculturists to estimate accurately the phosphorus and nitrogen-supplying power of basement complex and ferric luvisol soils.