FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
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Item Body Dimensions Of Fulani And Yoruba Ecotype Chickens Under Intensive Systems Of Management(2009) Osaiyuwu, O.H.; Salako, A.E.; Adurogbangban, O.One hundred and thirty- three (133) day old chicks consisting of sixty-seven (67) Fulani ecotype chicks and sixty-six (66) Yoruba ecotype chicks were used in a 12-weeks study to compare body weight and 10 body parameters of birds under the intensive system of management. Results showed that the Fulani ecotype chicks had better live weight from week 1 - 12 (p>0.05) (live weight: 32.30±3.74 - 461.50±102.06g for females and 34.00±3.73- 552.43±104.98g for males) while the Yoruba ecotype chicks had lower live weights (24.27±1.55¬ 394.46±29.86g for females and 24.09±1.48- 395.92±17.85g for males respectively). The Fulani type also had superior values for breast breadth and length, with values ranging from 2.06±0.37- 11.14±1.49cm for male breast length and 1.92±0.28- 10.45±1.14cm for female breast length. The breast breadth had values of 2.60±0.53- 2.60±0.53cm for males and 2.64±0.49- 8.60±0.99cm for females. The Yoruba ecotype chickens however had superior values (p>0.05) for comb length (0.58±0.9- 2.30±0.37cm for males, 0.62±0.09¬ 1.72±0.19cm) and beak length (1.32±0.11- 2.94±0.13cm for males, 1.27±0.08-2.82±0.16cm for females), throughout the study period. Wing length also changed in the same way from week 7 for females and week 9 for males to favour values recorded for the Yoruba ecotype chickens. All other parameters were higher (p>0.05) for the Fulani ecotype chickens. It was concluded that the Fulani ecotype chicken has potentials to be selected as meat type chickens while the Yoruba ecotype chickens has potentials to be selected more as egg type chickens.Item On-field assessment of critical period of weed interference in okra [abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench] field in ibadan, a rainforest-savanna transition eco-zone of Nigeria(2009) Awodoyin ,R.O.; Olubode, O.S.The critical period of weed interference is defined as the period in the life cycle of a crop during which it must be kept free of weeds to prevent unacceptable yield losses. The critical period of weed interference in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] was determined in the field trials during two cropping seasons (2006 and 2007) in the crop garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan located in the rainforest-savanna transition ecological zone of Nigeria. The study, consisting of two sets of treatments was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. In the first set of treatments, the crop was kept free of weeds for the first 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and subsequently weeds were allowed to grow (weed-free then weedy, WF-WD) until harvest, to determine the growth stage at which emerging weeds would no longer reduce the crop yields. In the second set of treatments, weeds were permitted to grow with the crop for an increasing length of time as listed above and subsequently the plots remained weed-free (weedy then weed-free, WD-WF) to determine the period at which weeds emerging with the crop began to suppress the growth of the crop and reduce its yield. Seasonlong weed-free (WD-0-WF) and weedy (WF-0-WD) treatments served as checks to compare weed competition and yield losses with other treatments. Season-long weed interference with okra resulted in 42.3% and 33.3% reduction in plant height, 54.9% and 45.5% reduction in stem diameter and 71.2% and 79.5% reduction in okra shoot dry weight in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Weeds that interfered with okra from 2 WAP resulted in 79.8% and 72.5% fresh fruit yield reduction in 2006 and 2007 respectively, and weed interference with okra from 8 WAP resulted in 19.8% and 19.6% yield losses in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Thirty one (31) weed species were enumerated in the study area with dicotyledons being the most prevalent (80.7%). The most important of the weed species among the dicotyledons was SynedrellaItem Diversity and proximate composition of herbaceous components of old oyo national park, nigeria in relation to wildlife conservation(2009) Olubode, O.S.; Awodqyin, R.O.; Ogunyemi, S.The diversity of wildlife in Parks depends on availability and distribution of flora feeding resources. Abundance and proximate relationships between wild plants and wildlife may determine conservation potentials of a Park. The composition and diversity of species in three wetlands (Ibuya, Ipade-Aya and Ajalcu) in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria were studied in dry (February-March) and wet (September- October) seasons of 2004-2006. Herbaceous flora of the three wetlands were systematically assessed using 5000 m2 plots on which two 100 m diagonal transects were superimposed to enumerate all low-growing plants that rooted within thirty randomly selected 1 m2 quadrats. Four most abundant plant species in two families were selected for proximate analyses. Three topsoil samples of each site were randomly collected and analysed for physicochemical properties. Hyparrhenia involucrata Stapf. and Andropogon tectorum Schumach were the most abundant herbs in the wetlands. Ipade-Aya had the highest Shannon-Weiner (H1) and evenness (J) values of 1.6 and 0.7 respectively. Ibuya had H'=1.0 and J=0.5; while Ajalcu had H'=1.0 and J=0.5. The protein contents of the forage grasses significantly (P<0.05) ranked in the order: Andropogon tectorum > Andropogon gay anus Kunth > Hyparrhenia involucrata > Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf. Soils of the wetlands were mostly similar, except Ajalcu which was sandy loam. Fauna populations at the three sites were low. The highest detected faunal populations were nine at Ibuya, and three each at Ipade-Aya and Ajaku. Available nutritious grasses may not continue to sustain wildlife populations. Further research should consider increasing forage for faunal conservation.Item Distribution and abundance of sacred monkeys in igboland, Southern Nigeria(Wilcy-Liss, Inc., 2009) Baker, L.R.; Tanimola, A.A.; Olubode, O.S.; Garshelis, D.L.Although primates are hunted on a global scale, some species are protected against harassment and killing by taboos or religious doctrines. Sites where the killing of sacred monkeys or the destruction of sacred groves is forbidden may be integral to the conservation of certain species. In 2004, as part of a distribution survey of Sclater’s guenon (Cercopithecus sclateri) in southern Nigeria, we investigated reports f sacred monkeys in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria. We confirmed nine new sites where primates are protected as sacred: four with tantalus monkeys (Ch'lorocebus tantalus) and five with mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona). During 2004-2006, we visited two communities (Akpugoeze and Lagwa > previously known to harbor sacred populations of Ce. sclateri to estimate population abundance and trends. We directly counted all groups and compared our estimates with previous counts when available. We also estimated the size of sacred groves and compared these with grove sizes reported in the literature. The mean size of the sacred groves in Akpugoeze (2.06 ha, n = 10) was similar to others in Africa south of the Sahel, but larger than the average grove in Lagwa (0.49 ha, n = 15). We estimated a total population of 124 Sclater’s monkeys in 15 groups in Lagwa and 193 monkeys in 20 groups in Akpugoeze. The Akpugoeze population was relatively stable over two decades, although the proportion of infants declined, and the number of groups increased. As Sclater’s monkey does not occur in any official protected areas, sacred populations are important to the species’ long-term conservation. Despite the monkeys’ destruction of human crops, most local people still adhere to the custom of not killing monkeys. These sites represent ideal locations in which to study the ecology of Sclater’s monkey and human-wildlife interactions.Item Correlates with the distribution and abundance of endangered sclater’s monkeys (Cercopithecus sclateri) in Southern Nigeria(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Afr. J. Ecol., 2007) Baker, L.R.; Olubode, O.S.A distribution survey of the endangered Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri) was conducted over a wide area in southern Nigeria using forest surveys and hunter interviews. Sclater’s monkey, Nigeria’s only endemic primate species, is restricted to a land area of about 28,500 km2 in the densely human-populated, oil-producing region of southern Nigeria. Results indicate that this species is not as rare as previously thought; we confirmed its presence in 27 formerly unknown sites. Based on encounter-rate and distribution data, Sclater’s monkey is one of the two most abundant diurnal primate taxa across its range. However, the species primarily occupies isolated and degraded forest fragments. Although hunting is widespread, selective hunting of larger-bodied primate taxa offers some respite for the smaller Sclater’s monkey. We encountered this species more frequently in forests with relatively high hunting pressure, possibly indicating competitive release in the heavily hunted forests of southern Nigeria. Long-term persistence of Sclater’s monkey, which has no official protection throughout its range, depends on the willingness of hunters to target smaller-bodied wildlife (effortprofit trade-off), local bushmeat demand and protection of key forest fragments and the few larger forests in the region.Item Shrub diversity and girth sizes at old gy® nati&wa! pant, southwestern /germ: effect of annual burning on piliostigma thomngii (schum.) milne-redhead(2007) Olubode O. B.; Awodoyin R. O.Floristic survey of annually burned three wed: ::d vegetation was conducted on woody components Gj Old Oyo Nations. Park, Nigeria in 2005 to evaluate response of girths and species diversity to fire. A 50 m plot was used to systematica... assess the vegetation using twenty 3rd quadrats laid on four 50 m long transect in each plot. Girins a: os east heights »*s-?s estimated with tape at heights of 1.3 m on boles for girths > 10 cm. Coefficients of variation and various diversity indices were used to explain variation in girth sizes ana species diversity. The wetland of Ajaku had 1 8 species with gk ins >10 Cm while Ibuya and Ipade-Aya had 9 and 11 respectively. Largest girths were enumerated at Ajaku (up to 154.0 cm) and leas: girths at Ipade-Aya (up to 32.05 cm). Fire affected the recruitment of,species into large girth sizes. Piliostigma thinning,: (Schum.) Milne-Redhead, an important forage species was among species with intermediate to low girths at breast heigh: The response of the wetlands vegetation was indicated by the low dominance, despite high diversity of tolerable species Annual burning as a management tool is not goodfor the vegetation of the wetlands, unless timing is sv.cn inat tne ecosystem is not fully dry in order to ameliorate the lethal fleets of fire on growing plants.Item Shrub diversity and girth sizes at old gy® nati&wa! pant, southwestern /germ: effect of annual burning on piliostigma tk^mngii (schum.) milne-redhead(2007) Olubode O. B.; Awodoyin R. O.Floristic survey of annually burned three wed: ::d vegetation was conducted on woody components Gj Old Oyo Nations. Park, Nigeria in 2005 to evaluate response of girths and species diversity to fire. A 50 m plot was used to systematica... assess the vegetation using twenty 3rd quadrats laid on four 50 m long transect in each plot. Girins a: os east heights »*s-?s estimated with tape at heights of 1.3 m on boles for girths > 10 cm. Coefficients of variation and various diversity indices were used to explain variation in girth sizes ana species diversity. The wetland of Ajaku had 1 8 species with gk ins >10 Cm while Ibuya and Ipade-Aya had 9 and 11 respectively. Largest girths were enumerated at Ajaku (up to 154.0 cm) and leas: girths at Ipade-Aya (up to 32.05 cm). Fire affected the recruitment of,species into large girth sizes. Piliostigma thinning,: (Schum.) Milne-Redhead, an important forage species was among species with intermediate to low girths at breast heigh: The response of the wetlands vegetation was indicated by the low dominance, despite high diversity of tolerable species Annual burning as a management tool is not goodfor the vegetation of the wetlands, unless timing is sv.cn inattne ecosystem is not fully dry in order to ameliorate the lethal fleets of fire on growing plants.Item Response of vigna unguiculata.(L.) Walp. and amaranthus cruentus (L.) Thell to interference from acalypha segetalis mull arg. on marginal lands in southwestern Nigeria(2001) Ogunyem, S.; Awodoyin, R. O; Osunkoya, O.O; Olubode, O.S.; Wewe, O.F.The role of each weeds depends on weed type, density and duration of association with the crop as well as competitive ability of the crop. In open garden experiments, the phenology of Acalypha segetalis, a common weed of arable and ruderal habitats in south western Nigeria, and its influence on the growth and performance of Vigna unguiculata and Amaranthus cruentus, were investigated in 1999 and 2000. Acalypha segetalis was found to be slow growing in the first four weeks of its life cycle but developed rapidly and vigorously afterwords. It produced and shed seeds within 10 weeks of growth. Vigna unguiculata, which is highly susceptible to weed infestation in the first four weeks of growth, did not suffer significant growth and yield reductions from the association with j4 ca/yp/ia segetalis. However, Amaranthus cruentus, which has similar growth habits with the weed, suffered significant reductions in growth and yield. Amaranthus suffered up to 42% marketable yield loss when grown with Acalypha. The early slow growth of Acalypha determines its competitive potential in arable cropping systems. Crops that establish fast and with superior early growth ability may not suffer adverse competitive repression with the weed.Item Waste products survey for identification and qualification of different wastes generated in Nigeria(2009) Yusuf, S.A.; Omonona, B.T.; Oyekale, A.S.; Oni, O.A.; Akinbile, L.A.; Adewumi, M.K.; Alarape, A.A.Item